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Harbin Institute of Technology

Coordinates: 45°44′49″N 126°37′50″E / 45.746998°N 126.630692°E / 45.746998; 126.630692
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Harbin Institute of Technology
哈尔滨工业大学
MottoStandard, Strict, Greatest Effort
TypePublic
Established1920
PresidentShuguo Wang
Undergraduates25,002
Postgraduates12,710
Location
Harbin City、Weihai City、Shenzhen City
,
China
CampusUrban, 4.293 km²
AffiliationsC9 League
Websitewww.hit.edu.cn
Harbin Institute of Technology
Traditional Chinese哈爾濱工業大學
Simplified Chinese哈尔滨工业大学
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHā'ěrbīn Gōngyè Dàxué

The Harbin Institute of Technology (abbreviation: HIT or colloquially known in Chinese as HāGōngDà) is a research university and a member of C9 League in China which consists of three campuses, nearly from the most north to the most south of the country: Harbin campus in Heilongjiang Province, Weihai campus in Shandong Province and Shenzhen graduate school in Guangdong Province.

HIT undertakes plenty of researches and projects with official secrets (e.g. space science and defense-related technologies) which may affect its international ranks and cooperation.[1] But it is widely recognized as one of the top universities[2][3] and consistently placed among the best science and engineering universities by domestic league tables.[4][5][6] HIT is one of the ten universities in the world that completely designed, built, and launched its own satellites (2004,2008,2013). It made the greatest contribution to the success of Shenzhou series Spacecraft and Kuaizhou series spacecraft.[7][8] One minor planet (#55838) in the sky is named after Harbin Institute of Technology, nicknamed "Hagongda Star" by the International Astronomical Union for HIT's crowning glory in science and engineering.[9][10]

File:HIT's signature scenic spots.jpg
HIT's signature scenic spots
File:One glance at the works show in science and engineering of Harbin Institute of Technology.jpg
One glance at the works show in science and engineering of Harbin Institute of Technology

National Position

Great HIT pattern

File:The new Great HIT pattern.png
The new Great HIT pattern

In 1985 HIT opened the new campus in Weihai, Shandong Province. In 2000 Harbin University of Architecture was merged into HIT in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. In 2002 HIT opened the new graduate school in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. These three campuses form the Great HIT.

History

The main building of Harbin Institute of Technology. It is said to resemble that of Moscow University.
Main article: History of Harbin Institute of Technology

Harbin Institute of Technology was established in 1920 (originally as Harbin Sino-Russian School for Industry) to educate railway engineers via a Russian manner of instruction. Students could select from two majors at the time (Railway Construction or Electric Mechanic Engineering). On April 2, 1922, the school was renamed the Sino-Russian Industrial University. The original two majors eventually developed into two major departments (the Railway Construction Department and the Electric Engineering Department). Between 1925 and 1928 the University's Rector was Leonid Aleksandrovich Ustrugov, Russian Deputy Minister of Railways under Nicholas II before the Russian Revolution and a key figure in the development of the East Chinese Railway.

On February 4, 1928, the institution came under the leadership of the Northeastern Provincial Special Administrative Region of the Republic of China, and was renamed the Industrial University of the Northeastern Provincial Special Administrative Region. On October 20, 1928, the Law College and College of Commerce were incorporated, and the institution was officially named the Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), co-managed by China and the USSR, with General Zhang Xueliang as the President of the School Board. Postgraduate students were enrolled from the spring of 1931.

During the Japanese invasion of China in 1935, the university fell under Japanese control. At that time, classes were taught in Japanese only. Furthermore, only Chinese and Japanese students were permitted to be enrolled. On January 1, 1936, the name of the institution was changed yet again to the National Harbin Polytechnic. By January 1937, the entire educational system had been altered to reflect traditional Japanese instruction. However, on January 1, 1938, the name Harbin Institute of Technology was reinstated, which it has retained up until the present.

After the Allied defeat of Japan in World War II, HIT came under the joint management of the Chinese and Soviet governments through the China Changchun Railway Administration.

In June 1950, the administration of HIT was taken over by the Chinese government and started a period of full-scale reform and growth. In 1951, HIT was approved by the central government to become one of the two institutions of higher learning to learn advanced techniques from the USSR . HIT then became the important base for learning from the USSR and training talents for universities throughout the country. HIT enjoyed the fame of being the 'Cradle for Engineers'.

In 1958, HIT expanded the variety of academic disciplines in which it offered majors. Such that by 1962, HIT had fundamentally transformed from a trade based school to a full-fledged multidisciplinary university, credited with aiding in the construction of a national economy and important contributions to national defense science and technology.

During this era, enrollment in the university's programs increased dramatically (The largest enrollment exceeding 8000 students). The number of teachers was also increased at this time. By 1957, there were roughly 800 teachers responsible for all of the teaching and research duties of the university. Each one of them on average was only 27.5 years old. Their skill and determination, however, earned them the moniker the '800 warriors' of HIT. During this period the research capabilities of HIT greatly expanded and improved . Departments actively sought out cooperation agreements with factories and other national research institutes, laying a solid foundation for the integration of teaching, research, and production on a more national level.

The Cultural Revolution, which started in 1966, drastically affected the normal teaching capabilities and research activities of HIT.

In Spring 1970, by government order, a small number of HIT personnel and most of the university's research equipment were moved south to Chongqing, and, together with Department 2 of the PLA Military Engineering Institute, established the Chongqing Institute of Technology. The rest of HIT, combined with Heilongjiang Institute of Technology and Harbin Institute of Electrotechnics, formed the new HIT. In August 1973, the State Council and the Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee decided that Chongqing Institute of Technology should again move back north to Harbin.

In 1977, the undergraduate programs reopened, 1978 the graduate programs followed, and in 1982 doctoral programs were for the first time offered. In 1984, HIT again found its way into the list of 15 universities to be favorably built. In the same year, HIT became one of the first 22 universities to establish a graduate school. In 1992, HIT High-and-New Tech Park was founded. In 1996, HIT was in the first batch of universities to enter the list of Project 211. In November 1999, HIT was appointed by the Central Government one of the 9 best universities to be preferentially built according to the standards of internationally renowned universities.

Campuses

File:HIT Weihai.png
HIT Weihai
File:Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai.png
The night scene of the main building of Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai Campus)
File:HIT Shenzhen Graduate School.png
HITSGS was set up in 2002 as graduate school of the Harbin Institute of Technology in Shenzhen, China.

Harbin Campus

The institute's main building, or Zhu-Lou in Chinese, is a smaller version of the main building of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, and the majority of the buildings were built during the time of Sino-Soviet friendship from 1949 to 1959 when the Soviets were actively involved in the development of Northeast China. The School of Architecture is located on No.66 of West Dazhi Street, near the Main Building. It originally belonged to HIT, however, when HIT was divided into 3 institutes in 1959, it was used by the Harbin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute. After the integration of Harbin University of Architecture (formerly Harbin Architectural and Civil engineering Institute) into HIT, the building is called "Civil Building", though it is the building of the school of architecture.

The No.2 campus in Harbin is originally a campus of the Harbin University of Architecture. All the undergraduate students will spend their first year in that campus since 2003. The school buses are free of charge.

Weihai Campus

Weihai campus is located in Weihai (Weihai Torch Hi-Tech Science Park), a beautiful seaside city in Jiaodong Peninsula. Weihai is twice awarded by the UN as Dubai International Award for Best Practices to Improve the Living Environment, the UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award, the first city awarded China's National Clean City, the first National Model City Cluster for Environmental Protection, the first National Excellent Tourist City Cluster, the first National Garden City Cluster in Northern China, Top 40 China Investment Environment and Top 50 Comprehensive Economic Strength City in China, and ranked 15th in the China City Public Civilization Index.[11]

The campus, along with the picturesque scenery and pleasant climate, adjoins the sea (Golden Beach) and stays in the embrace of a mountain, under which owns elegant environment and beautiful landscape. It is ranked in the best 50 universities in satisfaction degree in China.[12] It now covers totally 1,560,000 square meters, with construction area of 383,000 square meters. The campus, full of vitality and energy, is an ideal garden for those who pursue studies.

Shenzhen Campus

Along with the graduate schools of Tsinghua University and Peking University, HIT Shenzhen Graduate School occupies 17 hectares of space inside the Shenzhen University Town. Shenzhen Campus covers a total floor space of 73,700 square meters including teaching, research, administration, conference centers, student housing and cafeteria. Additional space of approximately 53,500 square meters is under construction.

Administration and organization

Harbin Institute of Technology is organized into 20 full-time schools, which hold 73 undergraduate degree programs, 143 master programs, 81 doctorate programs. Though most of HIT’s schools are in science and engineering areas, it also has several schools in humanity, social science, and management. HIT does not have any agriculture or medical schools. A school may have several departments and researcher institutes (or research centers). However, Dept. of Media Technology and Art does not belong to any of the schools.

Schools of HIT (Science, Engineering, and Architecture)
School of Astronautics
 		School of Mechatronics Engineering
School of Material Science and Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Automation School of Civil Engineering School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
School of Architecture School of Transportation Science and Engineering School of Computer Science and Technology School of Life Science and Technology School of Software School of Electronics and Information Technology
School of Science Dept. of Media Technology and Art
Schools of HIT (Humanity, social science, and management)
School of Management
 School of Humanities and Social Sciences
 School of International Relations of Economics and Trade
 School of Law
 School of Foreign Languages

Academics

As one of the most prestigious universities in China, HIT has historically been highly selective in its admissions process.[citation needed] In a typical admission's cycle, only students who have attained the very highest of scores in the National Higher Education Entrance Examination are accepted into the undergraduate program. Admission into the graduate school, likewise, is also very competitive.

HIT operates on a year-round schedule that includes both a fall and a spring semester. Winter and summer holidays are scheduled to occur between semesters. During vacation periods, the dormitories and select dining halls remain open for students.

HIT has a very strict standard in education. The motto, “Strict Standard and Sufficient Effort”, which is quite different from the motto of other universities, reflects the tradition of HIT. Both theories and applications are emphasized. Instructors are required to have very good preparation for lectures. Many engineering major courses have laboratory sections, and the students must do well in both exams and experiments to get credit.

Engineering Programs' National Ranking based on China Academic Degrees & Graduate Education Information's evaluation reports(2007~2009)

Mechanics #3/// Mechanical Engineering #4/// Instrument Science and Technology #3/// Materials Science and Engineering #4/// Power Engineering #7/// Electrical Engineering #4/// Electronics Science and Technology #12/// Information and Communication Engineering #13/// Control Science and Engineering #7/// Computer Science and Technology #5/// Architecture #7/// Civil Engineering #3/// Chemical Engineering and Technology #10/// Transportation Engineering #8/// Aeronautics and Astronautics Science and Technology #5 (Astronautics Science and Technology #1)/// Environmental Science and Engineering #3///

Research

Research at Harbin Institute of Technology spans a broad range of topics with a strong focus on engineering sciences. A 2009 analysis of research citations by Thomson Reuters Essential Science Indicators found HIT among the top 1% of institutions in the fields of Material Science, Chemistry, Engineering and Physics, and No.9 in the number of thesis published in the area of Material Science world wide.[13]

HIT has 40 national key disciplines granted by the Ministry of Education P.R.C. At present, it has 10 state key laboratories and 30 provincial / ministerial-level key laboratories.

Harbin Institute of Technology has a high-level research faculty of over 2,900 full-time teachers and researchers, including 1,950 professors and associate professors, 22 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, nearly 640 doctoral supervisors. It has 12 principal scientists of Project 973 and 13 “Young Experts with Prominent Contributions to the Country.”

With a strong emphasis in scientific research, HIT has been bold and innovative in its scientific research and has consistently undertaken large-scale and highly sophisticated national projects. Because of this, the funding for research increases yearly. In 2009, research funding from the government, industry, and business sectors reached 1.6 billion RMB yuan (US $233million ).

HIT is known to have close links to the People's Liberation Army and the space program of China as one of the main universities in China for space and defense-related research. HIT made great contribution to the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft project. In 2010, the Astronautics Innovation Research Center was established at HIT in conjunction with China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The establishment is the biggest investment of the same class in China.[14]

As reported, most of the key technology of National internet information security management system and Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China were developed by the Harbin Institute of Technology.[citation needed]

People

  • Members of Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)[15]

Liu Yongtan, Wang Guangyuan, Xie Lili, Huang Wenhu, Li Guibai, Liang Weiyan, Fu Hengzhi, Wang Zhongqi, Zhang Jie, Shen Shizhao, Chen Qingquan, Lei Tingquan, Cai Hegao, Du Shanyi, Zhang Naitong, Wang Zicai, Qin Yukun, Ou Jinping, Zhao Liancheng, Chen Yushu, Fang Binxing

  • Members of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[15]

Liu Yongtan, Ma Zuguang

  • Alumni
    • Scholar
      • Vice Dean of Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Li Jinghai
      • Member of Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), Liu Yongtan
    • Entrepreneurs
      • CEO of Neptunus Group,[16] 10th of Top Forbes China Rish List 2001, Zhang Simin
      • CEOs of Broad Air Conditioning Group,[17] 10th of Top Forbes China Rish List 2001, Zhang Jian, Zhang Yue
      • CEO of Changning Group, Shi Shanli
      • CEO of Geely Group, Li Shufu
    • Politicians

References

  1. ^ Chinese university ranking (Wu Shulian)
  2. ^ Chinese Universities Alumni & Association
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ NETBIG Chinese University Rankings
  5. ^ NETBIG China University Technology Rankings
  6. ^ China University Engineering Top 100
  7. ^ HIT News in Aerospace
  8. ^ NASA Spaceflight: Kuaizhou-China secretly launches new quick response rocket
  9. ^ Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs): A Chronology of Milestones
  10. ^ News of ScienceNet: A minor planet named after Harbin Institute of Technology
  11. ^ [2]
  12. ^ [3]
  13. ^ [4]
  14. ^ [5]
  15. ^ a b http://english.cas.cn/Eng2003/page/home.asp
  16. ^ http://www.neptunus.com/english/
  17. ^ http://www.broad.com/english/include/en_index_com.htm
  18. ^ http://rulers.org/indexl3.html#lijon

45°44′49″N 126°37′50″E / 45.746998°N 126.630692°E / 45.746998; 126.630692

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