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Pandithar/Nassuvan/Maruthuvar/Nayee/Mangali
Religions Hinduism
LanguagesTamil
Country India
RegionTamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Burma
Related groups

The Nassuvan (also known as Navidan, Nasuvan, Nasavan, Nosivan, Maruttuvar,Maruthuva Gounder (Kongu region) and Ambattan) are a group of musicians which make up a sub-group of the Tamil pandit or pandithar caste. Nasuvan were musicians in the court of the kings[who?] and who also served as village doctors.[1][2]

Another Tamil sub-caste was noted in the 1981 Indian census.[3]

Maruthuvar/Nayeebramhana/Pandithar/Nai caste

The Nassuvan caste originated from the Velalar community. The Pandithar (also known as Maruthuvar) were the doctors for the commoners and advisors for the kings. They followed mostly Siddhar and Ayurveda to treat patients.[clarification needed] At that time, people were not used to cutting their hair, meaning that when they were wounded, the Maruthuvars would have to remove the hair from the wounded area before they could use siddha or ayurvedic medicines. So as well as helping patients, people had their hair cut as well.

When the British controlled India, they introduced English medicines, causing the decline of Siddha and Ayurvedic medical practices. The British also brought the hair cutting practices and people in general began trimming their hairs in the name of fashion. The Maruthuvars took the opportunity to gain economically.

Nassuvan used to be musicians at public gatherings and in royal courts. When the British came to rule India, the Nassuvan were integrated into the Maruthuvars.

Today, many have started beauty parlors, play traditional musical instruments, learn both the ayuveda[clarification needed] and siddha, even though they have no blood relation to this community, entered into these profession to improve their quality of life.

Maruthuvars were respectable physicians, who lived once as courtiers, dentist and doctors. Maruthuvar (or Pandithar, Vaithiyar, Nasuvar, Pariyari or Parubagari) are derogatively termed today as Ambattan, meaning "Am" means five, "Battan" means title.[citation needed] Ambattan is a person with five distinctive skills or career titles, and the women are known as Maruthuvachi, meaning a midwife or 'women doctor'. Only women who belong to this caste have the right to use the caste title behind their names "Maruthuvachi", despite India having a patriarchal society where normally only men carry caste lineage behind their names.

In the Pre-colonial Era, the Dravidian People were ruled and led by one simple philosophy: "Ondre Kulam Oruwane Theivam".[clarification needed] These group of castes have differing names and titles in various parts of India, such as Ezhavathy Nair, Nair and Manggalvaad.

Etymology

  1. Pandithar, meaning a knowledgeable or learned person among the community
  2. Mangali/Vaithiyar, literally meaning a doctor community
  3. Nassuvan, Musician who plays piper or Musical instruments
  4. Isai Velalar or Melakkarar, Hindu Temple Musicians in Tamil Nadu.[4]
  5. Pariyari or parubagari, means a Person who helps or saves from charms and harms.
  6. Panditha Rajan, which means the King Of The Pandits Or Learned Men.

In the early India, they were no hair cutters or barbers, and it was not a custom in ancient days for men to cut hair. Until the entry of the Britishers, Aryan ripped all the trades of Siddha, Ayurvedic medicinal knowledge and skills from them as well when their invasion of India. When they were forced to cut hair, they would not work to cut hair even for Nambuthiri Brahmin in Kerala states, more-else for other caste such as Nadars, Pillai, or other castes who are not of the same rank with them. Maaran- (or Maaraar, Maran) is the name given to the temple musicians of Travancore, Cochin and Malabar in the state of Kerala Maruthuvar and Pandithar are known as Priest Caste, of which they are a part of the solemnization of weddings, naming at birth and deaths. Devadiga (also Moily, Sherigar,Seriyan,Gujaran) are Tulu speaking Hindu community of temple musicians and Temple attendants

The Nai belong to a High caste, variously called Sain, Mangali, Vostaad, Manthri, Nayee, or Valand.

History

The Nai were not traditionally barbers but had other specialized roles. The earliest surgeons, like the ones tending to battlefield injuries, were these community, and they have to cut or clean the wounded hairy ares over the head and therefore are called as barbers because of their expertise in handling the razor.[citation needed] They have also been associated with landowning or land-lords. Some are even being venerated as deities, such as Manikavachagar who composed the sivapuranam that is being extensively used in the Hindu rites all over the world, is of the Pandithar/Pandit/Maruthuvar caste.

Maruthuvar, were traditionally used as messengers and go-between in delicate matters. Maruthuvar/Pandithar/Nais acted as ambassadors between different states representing the Kings in those days. They traditionally led to afficiate wedding ceremonies or carried messages between villages and communities. They are followers of Krishna and Rama and abide by the teachings of Bhagwad Gita, especially Samkhya yoga and Karma yoga. They are known for keeping the secrets, following a strictly disciplined life, and for keeping their body clean, active and physically fit. Distribution

Today, the Pandithar, Maruthuvar, Navithar, Vaithiyar,*Mangali are engrossedly termed as "ambattan" for their five distinctives roles, in South Indian and Nai in North India. In spite, The term "Nai" in Hindi and Sanskrit means a leader, a man of significance, one who lives by example. The days are now that the Maruthuvar, Pandithar, Nai community to rise beyond just the listed as other Backward Class in various regions of India. These include: 

   Bihar[2]
   Delhi NCR[3]
   Gujarat,[4] where they are known as Valand
   Haryana[5]
   Madhya Pradesh[6]
   Maharashtra[7]
   Punjab[8]
   Rajasthan[9]
   Uttar Pradesh[10]

They are also found in the southern states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.

The caste is referred to by different names in the different regions.In north India the caste is divided mainly into two endogamous subcastes: the Gole and Bhanberu. Kacchawayas (or chaddibechwas found in Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan), Bachhas (in Delhi and Haryana), Tanwars in Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh, Ranas in Brijwasan, Gautam in Uttar Pradesh, Maans in Delhi, Haryana and Punjab, Dahiya& Mittalia in Haryana, Delhi, Chauhan in Haryana and Delhi, Dabas in Delhi, Dalals in Delhi and Haryana, Badgujar in Rajasthan, Sisodia in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, Gaur, Kaushik, Vats, Vashisth in Uttar Pradesh etc. Each of these divisions is subdivided into numerous gotras. There are Atry gotra. In Bihar, the nayees have the surname of Thakur or also written as Tagore. In West Bengal, they mainly have Paramanik as surname.

In the state of Gujraat the Nais are referred by the name Valand. The Valand have several territorial divisions, such as the Soratia, Halai, Gohil, and Jalawadi. They are further divided into clans, called ataks, the main ones being the Vaghela, Parmar and Hanani. The Valand are endogamous and practice clan exogamy. They speak Gujarati and concentrated in the urban areas. The community is involved in the different trades, with many rural Valand have given up agriculture. Some were practitioners of Ayurvedic medicine which have been their clannish trait all through the history of India.[11] Present circumstances

In India occupation and profession is not restricted.[12] Most members of the Nai community have adopted various professions in the public and private sectors, medical, bureaucracy, sports, engineering, police and defence services. See also 

   Parekh
   Bhatti
   Mangali
   Valand

See how the western society of the barbershop society below: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efcIwtuOKo0&list=PLDF0B1ACC22431B4F

List of Nassuvans

Nayeebrahmins

  • Mahapadma nanda(the founder of nanda dynasty King)
  • koundinay the great sage
  • Hadapada appanna, the great sharana
  • Bijjalla II, the famous king of kalachuri,in whose court Basavanna was present
  • all the rulers of kalachuri ruled the north karnataka
  • Sain, nai, ethnic marathi-speaker, wrote a Abhangs devoted to krishna.
  • schidananda, Nai, devotee of dattatreya.
  • Agastya the great sage
  • Adi sankara (madhwas community)
  • sri narayana guru (madhwas community)
  • Kambar(Tamil ramayana writer 9th century A.D)
  • Manickavasagar one of the god in nayanars
  • Viswanata pandithar freedom fighter
  • Mandolin srinivas famous Musician,kanchikamapitam Astana vidwan.
  • Annavarapu ramaswami he is well known violinist at vijayawada(Andhrapradesh)
  • A.K.C Natarajan the famous Musician Sangita pandi
  • Dr G.Ethirajulu the first qualified orthopaedic surgeon in Andhrapradesh
  • Dr Rallapati Aravind The first guynic doctor in uttarandhra
  • Dr Ramlingam president of IMCOPS, chennai
  • Abishek nayar cricketer
  • Kalinger Dr M.K karunanidhi Tamilnadu C.M
  • Veerappa moily Karnataka C.M, Present UNION Minister
  • K.Karunakaran Kerala C.M
  • Gemini Ganesan, actor
  • R.Sankar kerala C.M
  • CN Annadurai, former CM of Tamil Nadu & founder of DMK
  • Karpoori thakur Bihar C.M
  • Muthulakshmi Reddi, social reformer
  • Rameswara thakur Governor of Karnataka
  • Kalanidhi maran centrelminister, SUNNETWORK owner, IPL SUNRISERS hyderabad owner.
  • Dayanidhi maran Unionminister
  • M.K Stalin Tamilnadu deputy C.M
  • M.K alagiri Central minister
  • Murasoli maran Central minister
  • M.K Kanimozhi, Rajya Sabha MP
  • M. S. Subbulakshmi, carnatic singer
  • Udaynidhi stalin Hero/singer/producer-red jiant movies
  • Udaykiran Telugu top Hero
  • Snehaullal Heroin
  • M.k muttu Film Actor
  • Bhuvanesh N Devadiga, Pixadox Technologies Entrepreneur,Udupi
  • B S Sherigar, Ex. Vice-Chancellor, Kuvempu University, Shimoga
  • S.Sankar INDIN TOP DIRECTOR
  • Bhagyaraj famous director
  • A.T pannirselvam MINISTOR
  • Mani maran famous director, writer.
  • Vettri Maran famous Director, Writer, Producer.
  • prasanth-Tamil flim actor
  • Kumaran Asan[3] - also known as Mahakavi Kumaran Asan
  • Muloor S. Padmanabha Panicker - poet and a prominent social reform activist
  • C. V. Kunhiraman - founder of Kerala Kaumudi, journalist
  • O. V. Vijayan - Indian author (Khasakkinte Itihasam) and cartoonist
  • C.O. Karunakaran The founder of Thiruvananthapuram Medical college and its first principal.
  • C. Kesavan – Former Chief Minister of former princely state of Travancore-Cochin.
  • R. Sankar – Former Chief Minister of Kerala.
  • Susheela Gopalan - Former Minister for Industries and Social Welfare
  • V. S. Achuthanandan - Former Chief Minister of Kerala
  • K. R. Gowri Amma - Former Minister in various Ministries of Kerala
  • Vayalar Ravi - Current Union Cabinet Minister of Overseas Indian Affairs
  • Mullappally Ramachandran Current home minister of India
  • Adoor Prakash current revenue minister of kerala
  • Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker original name Kalisseril Velayutha Chekavar[23]
  • O. N. V. Kurup - Poet- winner of many academic and poetic excellence
  • Saiju Kurup - Malayalam Cine Actor
  • Palattu Koman(also known as Koma Kurup)- A pioneer of the Indian martial art form Kalaripayattu.
  • G. Shankara Kurup - Poet- winner of many academic and poetic excellence
  • Guru Kunchu Kurup - Kathakali
  • Suresh Kurup - MLA, Political Leader (CPM)
  • Muloor S.Padmanabha Panicker
  • Kavalam Narayana Panicker
  • Arattapuzha Velayudha Panicker
  • T. N. Rajarathinam Pillai (TNR), nadhaswaram maestro and vocalist
  • Madurai Somu Pillai (S. Somasundaram)
  • Guru Kittappa Pillai(K. P. Kittappa Pillai)
  • Madurai M.S. Ponnuthayi
  • Thavil vithwan Thedchanamoorthy (Alaveddy)
  • Nathaswara vidwan N K Pathmanathan (Alaveddy)
  • Thanjavur Quartet
  • Thiruvarur Bakthavathsalam
  • Veena Dhanammal
  • Namagiripettai Krishnan
  • Balasaraswati
  • T. Ranganathan
  • T. Viswanathan
  • T. Muktha
  • T. Brinda

See also

References

  1. ^ Edgar Thurston; K. Rangachari (15 November 2001). Castes and tribes of Southern India. Asian Educational Services. pp. 248–. ISBN 978-81-206-0288-5. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  2. ^ Kumar Suresh Singh; B. V. Bhanu; Anthropological Survey of India (2004). People of India: Maharashtra. Popular Prakashan. pp. 1169–. ISBN 978-81-7991-101-3. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  3. ^ Kumar Suresh Singh (1996). Communities, segments, synonyms, surnames and titles. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 722. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  4. ^ http://www.tnpsc.gov.in/communities-list.html#mbc

Sources

  • Hasan, A.; Das, J. C. (eds.). People of India: Uttar Pradesh XLII. p. 1067.
  • Central List of OBCs for the State of Bihar. National Commission for Backward Classes. Undated. p. 2. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  • Central List of OBCs for the State of Delhi. National Commission for Backward Classes. Undated. p. 3. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  • Central List of OBCs for the State of Gujarat. National Commission for Backward Classes. Undated. p. 5. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  • Central List of OBCs for the State of Haryana. National Commission for Backward Classes. Undated. p. 2. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  • Central List of OBCs for the State of Madhya Pradesh. National Commission for Backward Classes. Undated. p. 5. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  • Central List of OBCs for the State of Maharashtra. National Commission for Backward Classes. Undated. p. 4. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  • Central List of OBCs for the State of Punjab. National Commission for Backward Classes. Undated. p. 2. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  • Central List of OBCs for the State of Rajasthan. National Commission for Backward Classes. Undated. p. 2. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  • Central List of OBCs for the State of Uttar Pradesh. National Commission for Backward Classes. Undated. p. 3. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  • Lal, R. B.; Padmanabham, P. B. S. V.; Krishnan, G. et al. (eds.). People of India: Gujarat. XXI, Part Three. pp. 1415–1418.
  • wikisource:Constitution of India/Part III
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