B&W mPower
This page or section may contain link spam masquerading as content. (February 2012) |
This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2012) |
The B&W mPower is a proposed small modular reactor designed by Babcock & Wilcox, and to be built by Generation mPower LLC, a joint venture of Babcock & Wilcox and Bechtel. It is a Generation III++ integral pressurized water reactor (light water reactor).
History
November 2013, CEO Jim Ferland announced that Babcock & Wilcox will be selling up to 70% of its 90% share of the MPower joint venture by mid 2014. Partner Bechtel Corp. currently owns 10%.
"Jim Ferland, chief executive of Babcock & Wilcox, says the company remains committed to small modular nuclear reactors, but it thinks they can best be brought to the market with B&W as a minority partner."[1]
The reactor was unveiled by Babcock & Wilcox in June 2009.[2][3] In July 2010, Babcock & Wilcox announced a formal alliance with Bechtel called Generation mPower LLC.[4] At the same time, Babcock & Wilcox announced that it will build a test facility for the mPower reactor design at the Center for Advanced Engineering and Research in Bedford County, Virginia.[5] In April 2011, Babcock & Wilcox has received a $5 million grant from the Virginia Tobacco Indemnification and Community Revitalisation Commission for this test facility.[6][7]
In June 2011 Generation mPower signed a letter of intent with the Tennessee Valley Authority for constructing up to six reactors at Clinch River Breeder Reactor site in Tennessee.[8][9] The company also plans to deploy the first unit by 2020.[8]
Generation mPower is planning to apply to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for design certification by 2013.[8] Babcock & Wilcox announced on February 20, 2013 that they had contracted with the Tennessee Valley Authority to apply for permits to build an mPower small modular reactor at TVA's Clinch River site in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.[10][11]
In April 2014, Babcock & Wilcox annouced it was scaling back investment in the programme, projecting investment of up to $15 million annually. It stated:
without the ability to secure significant additional investors or customer engineering, procurement and construction contracts to provide the financial support necessary to develop and deploy mPower reactors, the current development pace will be slowed.[12]
Design
B&W mPower is a Generation III++ integral pressurized water reactor (light water reactor) with a modular design. The reactor and steam generator are located in a single integrated reactor vessel located in an underground containment facility that would store all of the spent fuel.[3] The modular unit has diameter of 4.5 metres (15 ft) and it is 23 metres (75 ft) high. The reactor core is of 2 by 2 metres (6 ft 7 in by 6 ft 7 in). The steam generator, derived from naval designs, has 3.6 metres (12 ft) diameter and is 22 metres (72 ft) high. The unit has an air-cooled condenser giving 31% thermal efficiency, and passive safety systems.[13]
The reactor will have a rated electrical output of 125–180 MWe.[13] When originally announced, the reactor had planned capacity of 125 MWe.[3][13] Later the power was increased to 160 MWe and then to 180 MWe.[13] In its pre-application design certification interaction to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the reactor's rated capacity was described as 500 MWt of thermal power and 160 MWe of electrical power.[14]
The reactor has an expected lifetime of 60 years.[3][14][15][16]
Fuel and refueling
B&W mPower uses standard fuel enriched to 5%, similar to the fuel loaded in the other PWRs.[13] It is designed for a 4-year refueling cycle. In the process of refuelling, the entire core will be completely removed in a single evolution, and replaced in a second separate evolution, making the core nearly "plug and play", unlike traditional reactors, which require fuel handling and movement of individual fuel rods during a refueling outage.[13] The entire used core, once removed, can be placed in storage in the spent fuel pool next to the IRV in the containment, which is designed to hold an entire 60 years worth of used fuel, and is accessible by the containment gantry crane located above the IRV within the containment.[15]
Thermal hydraulics
The mPower incorporates several features of the boiling water reactor (BWR). Like a BWR, the mPower reactor's primary coolant/moderator is highly purified water (with no boric acid). The Reactor Water Cleanup System ensures that primary system water remains pure. Similar to the ABWR, the mPower reactor has integral coolant recirculation pumps inside the Integral Reactor Vessel (IRV). The mPower reactor control rods are inserted from the top of the core and insert upon scram under gravity. All of the primary coolant is in the liquid phase during normal operation.[citation needed]
The integral once-through steam generator is an advanced derivative of the steam generators used in older B&W designs (Davis Besse). Control rod drives do not penetrate the IRV, as in the light water reactors of today, but are instead wholly enclosed within the IRV. Burnable neutron absorbers within the fuel and control rod inventory are used to suppress hot excess reactivity. Cold shut-down is accomplished with control rod insertion (as in BWRs).[citation needed]
The mPower is designed to produce superheated steam and does not require steam separators and dryers prior to admitting steam into the high pressure turbine.[citation needed]
Safety
The mPower is designed to eliminate the potential loss of coolant accidents as the integral reactor vessel does not have large cold or hot leg piping; it contains the entire primary coolant loop within the reactor pressure vessel with automatic primary loop depressurization. If secondary cooling is lost, creating an effective loss of standard heat removal, there are water supplies located above and within the containment that can cool the vessel with gravity driven-cooling. Heat removal can be used in the event that these systems are exhausted, such as by flooding the containment and establishing natural circulation, as no electrically driven pumps are required.[17]
See also
References
- ^ http://www.bizjournals.com/charlotte/blog/power_city/2013/11/babcock-wilcox-looks-to-sell.html
- ^ DiSavino, Scott; O'Grady, Eileen; Doggett, Tom (2009-06-10). "McDermott B&W unit unveils small nuclear reactor". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ a b c d "B&W unveils modular nuclear power design". World Nuclear News. 2009-06-10. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ "B&W, Bechtel team up on mPower". World Nuclear News. 2010-07-14. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ "B&W to build mPower test facility". World Nuclear News. 2010-07-28. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ "B&W awarded grant for mPower development". World Nuclear News. 2011-04-13. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ "Babcock & Wilcox plans Virginia testing facility". Bloomberg Businessweek. Associated Press. 2010-07-27. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ a b c "TVA progresses with mPower project". World Nuclear News. 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ DiSavino, Scott (2011-06-16). "FACTBOX-U.S. proposed new nuclear power reactors". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ^ "B&W, TVA Sign Contract for Clinch River mPower Construction Permit" (press release). Charlotte, NC: Babcock & Wilcox. February 20, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
- ^ Matthew L. Wald (February 20, 2013). "Deal Advances Development of a Smaller Nuclear Reactor". The New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
- ^ "B&W scales back small reactor development". Nuclear Engineering International. 15 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f "Small Nuclear Power Reactors". World Nuclear Association. February 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ a b "B&W mPower". Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
- ^ a b Spring, Nancy (2010-01-01). "B&W mPower". Power Engineering. Pennwell Corporation. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
- ^ Mansfield, Duncan (2009-06-10). "Babcock & Wilcox planning mini nuclear reactor". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ Rosner, Robert; Lordan, Rebecca; Goldberg, Stephen (2011). "Moving to passive designs" (PDF). Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 67 (4): 27. doi:10.1177/0096340211413374. Retrieved 2012-02-21.