Pseudocode
Pseudocode (derived from pseudo and code) is a description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of programming languages, but omits detailed subroutines or language-specific syntax. It can also refer to a high level 'language' whose aim is to generalise the logic and program flow of a computer program
In the context of the Short Code language, pseudocoding refer to the use of codes to represent assembly instructions, even though such codes could not be automatically compiled into an executable program. This usage has mostly fallen out of use.
Flowcharts can be thought of as a graphical form of pseudocode.
Description
As the name suggests, pseudocode generally does not actually use the syntax of any particular language; there is no systematic standard form, although any particular writer will generally borrow the appearance of a particular language. Popular sources include PASCAL, C, Lisp, and ALGOL.
Details not relevant to the algorithm (such as memory management code) are usually omitted, and the programming language will be augmented with natural language where convenient (for example, for trivial operations such as swapping two variables). Depending on the writer, pseudocode may therefore vary widely in style, from a near-exact imitation of a real programming language at one extreme, to a description approaching formatted prose at the other.
Applications
Computer science textbooks often use pseudocode in their examples so that all programmers can understand them, even if they do not all know the same programming languages. There is usually an accompanying introduction explaining the particular conventions in use. The level of detail of such languages may in some cases approach that of general-purpose languages—for example, Knuth's seminal textbook The Art of Computer Programming describes algorithms in a fully-specified assembly language for a non-existent microprocessor.
A programmer who needs to implement a specific algorithm, especially an unfamiliar one, will often start with a pseudocode description, and then simply "translate" that description into the target programming language and modify it to interact correctly with the rest of the program.
Examples of pseudocode
An example of how pseudocode differs from regular code is below.
Regular code (written in PHP):
<?php
if (is_valid($cc_number)) {
execute_transaction($cc_number, $order);
} else {
show_failure();
}
?>
Pseudocode:
if credit card number is valid
execute transaction based on number and order
else
show a generic failure message
end if
Compilation
It is often suggested that future programming languages will be more similar to pseudocode or natural language than to present-day languages; the idea is that increasing computer speeds and advances in compiler technology will permit computers to create programs from descriptions of algorithms, instead of requiring the details to be implemented by a human. Various attempts to bring this about have produced programming languages such as Visual Basic and AppleScript; in practice, however, the similarity to natural language is usually more cosmetic than genuine, and any increased simplicity in use is due to powerful libraries, not to any intelligence on the part of the compiler. Python programming language, quickly becoming the language of choice for many programmers, is one of the successful pseudocode-like languages.[citation needed]