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The Ribbon International is a worldwide art project which consists of 36-by-18-inch (91 cm × 46 cm) cloth panels, promoting abolition of nuclear weapons, disarmament, peace, care and protection of the earth and its inhabitants. The panels are created by individuals or groups, from children to seniors, using batiking, rug hooking, silkscreening, tie-dying, painting, quilting or appliqueing. The individual panels are then joined together, thus forming the "The Ribbon International". Any person or group can create a panel and become part of "The Ribbon" project. Sections of "The Ribbon" or individual panels are exhibited or used for events and exhibits around the world. The first display of "The Ribbon" was in Washington, D.C. on August 4, 1985. Over 30,000 panels were created and available for the event.[1] The 27,000 panels needed to assemble the length of "The Ribbon" were tied together measuring 15–18 miles.[2] "The Ribbon" started in Arlington, Virginia wrapping around the Pentagon, crossed the Arlington Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River to encircle the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. "The Ribbon" then continued alongside the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool on the National Mall, to encircle the adjacent Ellipse next to the White House, returning to the National Mall, proceeding to the United States Capitol Building, and then returning to the Lincoln Memorial via the National Mall.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

History

Justine Merritt

Justine Merritt (1924-2009),[11] was an activist, a grandmother and former high school teacher from Denver, Colorado. During a trip in 1975 to Japan to visit her son, she was deeply moved by a visit to the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum in Hiroshima, Japan and where she reflected on the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In 1982, after a spiritual retreat to seek her mission, she conceived an idea for "The Ribbon". Merritt, an embroiderer, considered the practice of tying a string around one’s finger to remember something. She then thought of wrapping the Pentagon with pieces of cloth as a reminder that life is precious and nuclear war unthinkable.[3][12] "The idea of literally wrapping the Pentagon with a peace "Ribbon" started with an appeal on 100 Christmas cards sent to friends in 1982."[13] The nuclear arms race was very prominent in the world in 1982. Linda Pershing in her book The Ribbon Around the Pentagon: Peace by Piecemakers,[12] chronicled the nuclear arms race and included information from anti-nuclear advocate Helen Caldicott’s book Missile Envy: The Arms Race and Nuclear War,[14] “nuclear arms development and stockpiling quickly became an international enterprise. There were approximately 50,000 nuclear weapons in the world in 1983," when Merritt started her Ribbon project. "The United States and its allies (Britain and France) owned 31,000; the Soviet Union 20,000; China 225 to 300; India 102; Israel 200, and it is likely that Iraq, Pakistan, South Africa, South Korea, and Taiwan either had or were on the verge of producing their own nuclear weapons.”[12][14]

Justine Merritt's first Ribbon panel, embroidered with names of people she loved.

Merritt had envisioned as least a mile of Ribbons, each panel measuring thirty-six inches by eighteen inches, with a tie on each corner. The theme of "The Ribbon" was “What I cannot bear to think of as lost forever in a nuclear war.”[12] People would convey their thoughts and emotions from this theme on panels of cloth using, embroidery, quilting, painting and other media conveying what they cared for in this world. Merritt also requested people to put the story of their art work on the back of the panel. Mary Frances Jaster in Denver, became the National Coordinator for the Washington, D.C. event. Jaster assisted the State Coordinators who were overseeing the thousands of panels needed and being created for "The Ribbon". For three years, individual panels were made and used for local events, before leading up to the event on August 4, 1985.[15][16][17] "The Ribbon" panels were to be joined together and strung around the Pentagon as an expression to the military and governmental powers of what is dear to people and what they feared could be lost in a nuclear disaster. Justine’s idea spread throughout the United States, Europe, Africa and Asia through friends, relatives, places of worship and many organizations. Also through local organization newsletters, art and craft magazines such as Fibre Art, Handwoven and Quilter’s Newsletter Magazine.[13][18][19][20][21] "In addition, a multitude of newspapers and magazines published over 2,500 stories and articles concerning "The Ribbon" and the Washington, D.C. event. These appeared not only in local newspapers[22][23][24][25][26] or organizational newsletters but in national publications with large circulations, such as McCall's (Gittelson 1985), Mother Jones (Robinson 1985), People, (Grogan[3] and Chandler 1985), and Vogue magazine (L. Davis 1985). On the day of the event and soon thereafter, the Ribbon was reported by Time magazine (Pierce 1985)[27] and on the front page of the Washington Post (Saperstein 1985,[28] Kastor 1985,[29] McGrory 1985[30])."[12] In addition to print coverage, "The Ribbon" was covered by every major network through radio and television. Merritt appeared on the American Broadcasting Company's (ABC) Good Morning America, in June and August 1985. before the event. and then in November.[12]

People from the State of California contributed over 3,000 panels for "The Ribbon" and sent panels to Hiroshima ABomb memorial for the August 4th event.

Every state in the United States contributed panels for The Ribbon, many towns and organizations had Ribbon joining events with the panels, leading up to the August 4th event. Countries from around the world sent panels or ribbons for the event. Some of the countries included Russia, New Zealand, England, Germany, New Zealand, Italy, Canada, Australia, Holland / Netherlands and Puerto Rico.[31] A group of women with Church Women United,[32] led a grassroots effort around the country, in making panels and assisting with the Washington, D.C. preparation. More than three thousand Ribbon panels were contributed by this group. Church Women United's news letters provided information on how to construct the panels, going to a half a million members of the Catholic Church and Russian Orthodox Church in America, the Salvation Army, the Quakers and twenty-nine Christian denominations.[1][16][33] The State of California delegation contributed over 3,000 panels for "The Ribbon" event, with a display of panels in 1984, surrounding Lake Merritt in Oakland, California. The California group also sent a group of panels to Hiroshima, Japan for the August 4th Ribbon event that was going to surround the ABomb Memorial.[34][12] The creators of the panels included quilters, embroiderers, children, seniors, artists, housewives, religious orders, doctors, farmers, athletes, and people from all walks of life and faiths.

The Ribbon Route

"The Ribbon" event was to take place on Sunday August 4, 1985, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The same day, another Ribbon event simultaneously also took place with Ribbons surrounding the A-bomb Memorial at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial. The Center for a New Creation, a peace group in suburban Arlington, Virginia, with members Marie Grosso and Joan Urbanczyk coordinated the Washington event full-time, and Margaret Schellenberg part-time. The center was staffed by women from the Pax Catholic Community Meeting, which concentrated on peacemaking, economic justice, issues concerning developing nations, and women's issues.[12] Betty Bumpers, an advocate for world peace and wife of Dale Bumpers, former U.S. Senator (1975-1999) and Governor of Arkansas (1971-1975), with her group Peace Links,[35] a national nonpartisan organization of women who opposed the nuclear arms build up,[12] also worked on preparations for the Washington, D.C. event.[4] They had to design and plan a ten to fifteen mile route through the heart of Washington, D.C., meet with Metropolitan Police and National Park Service to discuss and obtain numerous permits to stage the event. Letters describing the plans for the event in detail, were required by various government agencies and offices. Pentagon officials were contacted concerning the use of the grounds surrounding the Pentagon for August 4. Security was of utmost importance, the fifteen mile course from Virginia into Washington D.C., passed by some of the most important buildings and monuments in the country. Forty-nine churches and one senior's center in the Washington, D.C.area were located by The Center for New Creation to host individual state delegations and participants. The churches made arrangements for those who attended by hosting a reception, providing bag lunches, providing lodging and transportation. The host churches also displayed the state's panels for "The Ribbon".[12][13]

Each of the 2,500 Cathedral seats was covered with an individual "Ribbon" panel.

“At one point during the service, the full house in the Cathedral tied all the segments together into a prayer for peace and held them aloft beseeching all gods and governments everywhere to listen ... to hear! That moment was without doubt the most overwhelming visual craft event of my lifetime; I was overcome with a waterfall of tears”. — Don Wilcox, author of “Peace Ribbon Wraps Washington in Largest Collaborative Craft Event in American History” in The Craft Report[13]

Washington Cathedral Bag Pipes in the Chancel area.
Chancel area - South Transept Balcony in background.

Before the ecumenical church dedication service, on August 3 at the Washington National Cathedral, the rector told Merritt to expect about five hundred people for the service, not imagining that there would actually be more than 5,000 people. During the service, every seat was taken and many people stood in the aisles. The staff of the Cathedral reported that only at one other time had more people been in the building.[12]

On Saturday August 3, "the interior of the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, for the first time in its history was absolutely overwhelmed with textile craft. More than 4,000 individual "Ribbon" segments (panels) became a part of an international dedication Service for peace. Each of the 2,500 Cathedral seats was covered with an individual "Ribbon". There were rows of "Ribbon" segments draped from both balconies, from the Cathedral pulpit, segments tied and wrapped around each of the giant Cathedral pillars, and "Ribbon" segments carried by each, of the individuals who participated in the dedication service."

"20 bagpipers in mufti (highland dress - kilts) led a procession of some 200 people, each carrying banners; dancers moved among the throng; and there came the moment when the Howard University Jazz Choir sang that song from Perlie: "The World Ain't Comin' to an End My Friend, the World's Just Cormin' to a Start." [34] A meditation through dance accompanied singing an original song by Sandy Chapin "Ribbon of Life".[36] Survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing in 1945, came from Japan, and were in attendance for the church service, and for "The Ribbon" event on Sunday.

"The Ribbon" starting at the U. S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C.

On Sunday afternoon, August 4, "The Ribbon" was created, with all the individual panels joined together, creating 15 miles of a symbol of unity and becoming "the largest collaborative craft event in American history".[13] The project had fulfilled and surpassed the dream of Merritt. The cloth panels of "The Ribbon" wrapped around the Pentagon building in Virginia, then went through the Pentagon parking lots to the foot paths alongside the Jefferson Davis Highway and Washington Boulevard, crossing the Potomac River at the Arlington Memorial Bridge, into the Washington, D.C., National Mall area and the Lincoln Memorial. "The Ribbon" then went around the Lincoln Memorial, continuing along the south side of the Reflecting Pool on the National Mall, and turned left to encircle the adjacent Ellipse next to the White House. "The Ribbon" continued east on the National Mall, to wrap around the city block containing the Capitol Building, and then returned to the National Mall on the north side, past the Reflecting Pool to the Lincoln Memorial. The entire route was lined with people, and there were crowds at the three designated speaking areas, the Pentagon, the Lincoln Memorial and the Capitol. At each major speaking area, singers performed antinuclear folk songs and when the chain of panels creating "The Ribbon" was completed hundreds of balloons were released near the Lincoln Memorial.[6] Renown activists Pete Seeger and Tom Chapin were among the many local musicians that provided singing, rotating between the three staging areas.[12] Newspaper stories about The Ribbon, had estimates of 30,000 to 100,000 people attending.

A national Ribbon documentary was created, "fifty one professional television technicians from New York and Washington D.C., donated their services and their valuable equipment to record in detail the unfurling of "The Ribbon" in Washington, August 3 & 4. Nine "Ribbon" cameras were given priority positions in the National Cathedral to capture the beauty and the emotional words of the service of dedication. From sunrise on August 4, eleven camera and sound crews spread out across the nation's capitol to record the special moments of the unfurling of the "Ribbon". Merritt was followed by a camera crew throughout the day. Lines of happy people carrying "The "Ribbon" were photographed, and interviews were conducted with participants from every corner of the country."[36] The documentary film The Ribbon Starts Here[31] was produced and directed by Academy Award winning film maker, Nigel Noble, and released in 1988.[13][12]

After August 4, state coordinators returned to their states with their Ribbon panels to distribute for display[2][12] in libraries, schools, museums, and for use in parades and events. Historical societies[33] and universities have historical information about "The Ribbon" and archival collections of panels.[37] Some of the Ribbons and panels were selected as gallery pieces, which were sent to The Peace Museum in Chicago, Ill. Sixty Ribbons were selected from these gallery pieces by the Smithsonian Institution for its political history collection and other were given to the United Nations.[6][16][38] Panels were also sent to the National Textile Museum, and a major depository for panels and documents was the Texas Women's University, in Denton, Texas.[36]

Numerous panels were sent abroad for peace, ecology, and religious groups as a demonstration of friendship and good will. Representatives from Women for a Meaningful Summit, in November 1985, used Ribbon panels to show their support for the diplomatic negotiations in Geneva, Switzerland, between President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. Peace delegations were given panels by "The Ribbon" organizers for use in the Soviet Union, additional panels were given in 1985 to the United Nations Decade on Women international conference being held in Nairobi, Africa. In 1986, a number of the five hundred participants in the Great Peace March carried Ribbons, as they walked thirty-seven hundred miles across the continental United States, for action on global nuclear disarmament. On August 5, 1986, fifty Ribbon panels were taken to a demonstration at the Nevada Nuclear Test Site. Later that month, on August 31, a group of four hundred people gathered to surround the Horse Creek Missile Silo near Cheyenne, WY, with some participants showing Ribbon panels as a part of their protest of MX missile deployment.[12]

Saint John Paul II, Michele Peppers, Justine Merritt, Vatican, Rome, October 17, 2001.

In New York State, the coordinators had collected an international collection of Ribbons. New panels continued to be created for Ribbons to be displayed at various environmental and peace events. Sister Mary Beth Reissen, President of the United Nations Non-Governmental Disarmament Committee[39] referred New York Ribbon Coordinators, Michele Peppers and Hannah Wassermann to the United Nations exhibit committee, after several meetings, the committee requested an exhibit of Ribbons for the Conference being held in Geneva, Switzerland for the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, in 1990.[40] The following year Ribbons were displayed in New York City for another nuclear weapons conference.[41] Ribbons have been given to the New York City Council, including noted people such as, former Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev, Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, and Pope John Paul II.[42]

"The Ribbon" evolved into "The Ribbon International" after the late 1980s, and in 1991 became a United Nations Non Governmental Organization[43] (UN NGO),[44] in Association with the Department of Public Information. The grass roots project and movement of The Ribbon in 1985 has spread throughout the world, promoted by people and organizations concerned with nuclear weapons, the environment and peace.

In 2000, "The Ribbon International" United Nations Non Governmental Committee with the help of Betty Bumpers and her group Peace Links, gave each U.S. Congressional leader a Ribbon for the United Nations International Year for the Culture of Peace, and for the International Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World, 2001- 2010. The panels were well received and some Congressional leaders displayed the "Ribbon" in their offices.[45][46] Any individual or group can create a panel for a Ribbon or start the Ribbon in their community or give a panel as a gift to someone who has done something special for peace, the environment or disarmament. Ribbon events can be held for special designated days like the International Day of Peace, Sept. 21, Earth Day April 21, or a special prayer day or event.[47]

Every year the separate municipality and city of Lugansk, Ukraine takes part in "The Ribbon" project, spreading it throughout the country.[48] Annually in Marion and Gas City, Indiana, and also in Lake Havasu, Arizona, adults, seniors and children create Ribbons and hold a Ribbon event for United Nations Day, Oct. 24 or a peace related day, as the result of Marlene and Tom DeFilippis's work with "The Ribbon".[49][50]

Ribbons surround the ABomb Memorial, Hiroshima. "Building a Just and Sustainable Peace" conference. The Hiroshima Peace Ribbon Association organized the event along with the Girl Scouts, 3, April 2006.

In Japan, the city of Hiroshima joins Ribbons with prayers for peace around the A-Bomb Memorial for the anniversary of the nuclear bombing.[51] In Israel the UN NGO, Interns for Peace have worked with Israeli and Palestinian youth having an event creating Ribbons and joining them together at the Gaza strip.[52][53] In New Zealand people joined Ribbons around their United States and Russian Embassies in Wellington.[54] The UN NGO Ribbon Committee in New York City annually joined, (2002-2012) Ribbons with the Interfaith Prayer for peace, starting from the United Nations Headquarters to the World Trade Center site.[55] After September 11, 2001, Merritt called the Ribbon the “Ribbon of Tangible Hope”, she wanted a Ribbon long enough to stretch from the United Nations to the World Trade Center Memorial site[56] and to a Muslim shrine.[57]

The first New York City Nuclear Weapons Abolition Day, 28, April, 2004. Mayor Akiba from Hiroshima and Mayor Ito from Nagasaki are holding the proclamation. Mayors from around the world from Mayors For Peace attended, Ribbons being held in the background were given to Mayors For Peace and New York City Council.

The Ribbon Committee worked with The New York City Council on "Nuclear Weapons Abolition Day"[58] (4/28/04), representatives Mayor Iccho Itoh from Nagasaki and Mayor Tadatoshi Akiba from Hiroshima, Japan, along with a group of approximately 30 mayors from around the world attended the UN related nuclear conference. Mayors for Peace is an organization,[59] that was started by Hiroshima Mayor Takeshi Araki, with membership of over 5,000 Mayors worldwide, to work with mayors worldwide for the abolition of nuclear weapons and peace. Gift Ribbon panels and the proclamation were give to representative for Mayors for Peace, New York City Council and September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows.[60] Church Women United held a peace litany joining "The Ribbon of Tangible Hope" in the state capital building in Oklahoma City in honor of the fifteenth anniversary for those who died in the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. Over the years, Church Women United has wrapped "The Ribbon" around numerous sites.[61]

  • Helicopter view of "The Ribbon" forming at the Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia.
    Helicopter view of "The Ribbon" forming at the Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia.
  • Ribbon panel from The Women's Center, Huntington, NY; "From Peace a Child's Future."
    Ribbon panel from The Women's Center, Huntington, NY; "From Peace a Child's Future."
  • A 150 foot panel of tulips was sent from Holland/Netherlands, which was displayed along the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool.
    A 150 foot panel of tulips was sent from Holland/Netherlands, which was displayed along the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool.
  • Monica Willard, Justine Merritt, Michele Peppers, tenth anniversary of the Ribbon, Wash., D.C., Justine is holding two of the Ribbon panels she embroidered.
    Monica Willard, Justine Merritt, Michele Peppers, tenth anniversary of the Ribbon, Wash., D.C., Justine is holding two of the Ribbon panels she embroidered.
  • Peace Spreads Like Wild Flowers
    Peace Spreads Like Wild Flowers
  • Peace Is a Group Effort
    Peace Is a Group Effort
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Ribbons created and displayed in Monterrey, Mexico for Universal Forum of Cultures, October 2007.
    UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Ribbons created and displayed in Monterrey, Mexico for Universal Forum of Cultures, October 2007.
  • Ribbons exhibited at Rockefeller Center, New York City on the way to the subway. Exhibits varied from 1994-1999, panels top to bottom, from Georgia, Russian Federation; Indiana, New York City, Oklahoma, USA; and Japan.
    Ribbons exhibited at Rockefeller Center, New York City on the way to the subway. Exhibits varied from 1994-1999, panels top to bottom, from Georgia, Russian Federation; Indiana, New York City, Oklahoma, USA; and Japan.

Books

  • The Ribbon: A Celebration Of Life; by Lark Books, Staff and Marianne Philbin; Lark Books; Ashville, NC 1985
  • Sew To Speak; The Fabric Art Of Mary Milne; Linda Pershing, University of Press of Mississippi, Jackson, 1995
  • Journey; Justine Merritt; CA Hope Publishing House, 1993
  • The Ribbon Around The Pentagon; Peace By Piecemakers; The U. of TN Press, Knoxville, 1996 (Smithsonian has collection of Ribbon panels for Political History collection, Hiroshima Museum and Oakland Museum)
  • Broderade Bonader; Fran Sekelskifte Till Sekelskifte; Noomi Augstsson; Boken ar tryckt hos Svard & Soner Tryckeri AB; 1999 (Falbyggdens - Embroidery Museum includes entry on Ribbon panels from collection owned by museum)
  • Grandmothers Against the War Joan Wile, Citadel Press, Kensington Publishing Corp., NY 2008 p. 53-54
  • Peace Ribbon Hiroshima: Witness of A-Bomb Survivors; Editor Miyoko Watanabe; first published in Japan by Peace Ribbon, 3-52-18, Koinaka, Nishi-ku, Hiroshima 733, Japan. Printed by Daigaku Printing Co. 809-5, Kamifukawa, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima 739-17, Japan, 1997.
  • The Casebook: NGO Models of Conflict Resolution; Editors Working Group on Conflict Resolution of the NGO/DPI Executive Committee, The Executive Committee of Non-Governmental Organizations Associated With the United Nations Department of Public Information, 1993

Videos

  • The Ribbon. (1985, 20 minutes, color) Produced by WAND; gives a brief history of how the Ribbon was started in CA and shows preliminary events leading up to the Ribbon around the Pentagon.
  • The Ribbon In South Africa. (1986, 45 minutes, color) Documentary video on how black and white mothers used the Ribbon project, creating panels and having Ribbon events in front of government buildings to protest their sons going to war and killing each other in South Africa. Ed. by Harriet Gavshon, produced by Co-operation for Development International, Ltd. (CDI).
  • The Ribbon Starts Here. (1988, 45 minutes, color) Produced by Nigel Noble; Noble Enterprises. Gives a history of the Ribbon up to 1985 and interview with Justine Merritt the founder of the Ribbon.
  • Zap To Peace. (1995, 50 minutes, color) A Ribbon fifteen kilometers long made by Arab and Jewish young people, and others worldwide, celebrate Peace Day and the United Nations 50 year anniversary. The land and ocean are lined with Ribbon, with the help of divers, panels are carried under water and join Egypt, Israel and Jordan. Segments are contributed by Switzerland, Germany, Italy, China and elsewhere. Israel Broadcasting Authority; Israel Television produced the video, youth television show led the campaign for months and televised the event along with news programs. Prime Minister Rabin and Prime Netanyahu are shown participating.

References

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  6. ^ a b c Sanders, Steve. "'Peace Ribbon' Tied Around The Capitol". Chicago Tribune. August 05, 1985 (Featured Articles Lincoln Memorial). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
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  8. ^ Washington, D.C., United Press International. "15-mile Ribbon Binds Anti-nuclear Marchers,". Sun Sentinel,. August 5, 1985 (Collections–Pentagon). Retrieved 2014-02-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Gottlieb, Henry, Washington, D.C., Associated Press. "Thousands of Demonstrators Drape 'Peace Ribbon' Around Pentagon". Schenectady Gazette. August 6, 1985 (Front page). Retrieved 2014-02-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Gemperiein, Joyce, KNT News Service Washington. "Demonstrators tie peace ribbon around pentagon". Lakeland Ledger. August 5, 1985, (Front page). Retrieved 2014-02-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Merritt, Justine. "Sowing Seeds". Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Pershing, Linda. The Ribbon Around the Pentagon:Peace by Piecemakers. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1996. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Wilcox, Don. "Peace Ribbon Wraps Washington In Largest Collaborative Craft Event In American History". The Craft Report. Oct. 1985, p. 10.
  14. ^ a b Caldicott, Helen. Missile Envy: The Arms Race and Nuclear War. Routledge New York 1984, p.21.
  15. ^ Kingson, Jennifer A. "Ring Around the Pentagon: A Nuclear Frieze". The Harvard Crimson. February 8, 1985. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  16. ^ a b c "Pentagon Ceremony Aug. 4 Peace Ribbons in Oklahoma Called In". Oklahoman - NewsOK. July 20, 1985. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
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  18. ^ Fanning, Robbie. "Fibre Artist Hopes to Wrap Pentagon in Long Embroidered Ribbon That Transforms Ugly Fear Into Concrete Beauty". The Craft Report. Dec. 1983, p.3.
  19. ^ "Sew To Speak Is Theme For Ribbon For Peace". Quilters Newsletter Magazine. Nov./Dec. 1984, p. 9.
  20. ^ Levin, Adam. "Works From the Heart: Home Sewers Unite To Tie Up the Pentagon". Sews News. June 1985.
  21. ^ Fanning, Robbie. "After the Ribbon". Threads Magazine. Dec. 1985/Jan. 1986, p. 12, 14.
  22. ^ Kernan, Michael. "Ribbon Around The Pentagon". The Washington Post. Sep 12, 1984, (STYLE - THE ARTS TELEVISION COMICS B1). Retrieved 2014-03-08.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  23. ^ Boscov, Rema, Special to The Washington Post. "Three Years of Peace Work". The Washington Post. Jul 16, 1985, (STYLE - THE ARTS TELEVISION COMICS C7). Retrieved 2014-03-08.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Hyer, Marjorie, Washington Post Staff Writer. "Prayers for Peace Interwoven". Jul 27, 1985, (STYLE - THE ARTS TELEVISION RELIGION G10). Retrieved 2014-03-08. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ "Where to See Ribbon Segments". Jul 27, 1985, (STYLE - THE ARTS TELEVISION RELIGION). Retrieved 2014-03-08. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  26. ^ Weil, Martin, Washington Post Staff Writer. "Police Say 15-Mile Peace Ribbon Won't Tie Up D.C. Traffic". Aug 3, 1985, (STYLE - METRO WEATHER OBITUARIES RELIGION B1). Retrieved 2014-03-08. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Pierce, Kenneth M. "This Could Be Ground Zero: Throngs recall the Bomb". Time Magazine - U.S. Edition. August 19, 1985 Vol. 126 No. 7. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  28. ^ Saperstrin, Saundra. "Peace Lovers Have a Banner Day". The Washington Post. August 5, 1985 A1. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  29. ^ Kastor, Elizabeth. "The Images That Made Up The Ribbon The Ribbon". The Washington Post. August 5, 1985 B1. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  30. ^ McGrory, Mary. "The Woman Who's Needling Warmakers". The Washington Post. August 4, 1985 B1. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  31. ^ a b "The Ribbon Starts Here". Retrieved 2014-03-23.
  32. ^ "Church Women United". Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  33. ^ a b "Biography of Annabel Hartman" (PDF) (Indiana Historical Society). Retrieved 2014-02-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  34. ^ a b Steele, R. David. "The World Is Comin' to a Start - Peace Ribbon Brings Hope and Community". Sequoia. Northern California Ecumenical Council, October 1985 p 3.
  35. ^ "Peace Links". Retrieved 2014-03-09.
  36. ^ a b c ""Ribbon" Documentary". The Ribbon Newsletter. October 1985.
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  38. ^ Fanning, Robbie. After the Ribbon. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  39. ^ "NGO Committee on Disarmament, Peace and Security". Retrieved 2014-02-26.
  40. ^ United Nations letter to Ms. Peppers from Angela Knippenberg, Chief of World Disarmament Campaign Section Department for Disarmament Affairs. Re: Ribbon Exhibit. Fourth Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (nuclear weapons treaty conference) March 16, 1990.
  41. ^ To correspondents: From: United Nations Press Release News Cover Service. “Art Peace Project” to Honour Under-Secretaries-General For Public Information and Disarmament For Work to Advance United Nations Goals. Note No. 4909; February 6, 1991.
  42. ^ Palmer, Susan. "A Peace Winds Like a Ribbon". The Register-Guard. Eugene, Oregon May 14, 2005, p.1, sect. D. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  43. ^ "Non-governmental organizations". Retrieved 2014-02-26.
  44. ^ "The Ribbon International at "UN NGO Directory"". Retrieved 2014-05-10.
  45. ^ Letters from Congress: To: The Ribbon International, from Michael B. Enzi, US Senator, “Thank you for Ribbon panel… Ribbon will be displayed in support of a year of peace and non-violence, especially for our children,” February 14, 2000. To Pauline Cantwell, from: US Senator Russell D. Feingold, “Thank you for the Ribbon, will be displayed in my office…” February 24, 2000. To: Michele Peppers, from: Congresswoman Barbara Lee, “Thank you for the beautiful panel…I have it displayed so that visiting constituents to my Oakland office…” March 15, 2000.
  46. ^ Kroyer, Frank, Editor. “Presentation of US, Long Island Ribbon panel to Cuban Church.” International Teacher: a Peace Pedagogical Newsletter Since 1982, No. 2, July 2001, p. 30, Lundovj 173, DK – 7840 Hojslev. (ISSN 1396-8530)
  47. ^ Peppers, Michelle. “The Ribbon is an Art Project Promoting Peace.” International Teacher – Post: a Peace Pedigogcal Newsletter Since 1982, No. 2, June 2011, p. 14, Teglgarden 8, DK – 4220 Korsor. (ISSN 1396-8580)
  48. ^ "The Ribbon International - Town Activity". Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  49. ^ “Twin Cities United To The World Through Ribbons of Peace.” Twin City Journal-Reporter, Gas City, IN, October 9, 1996, p. 4.
  50. ^ Reynolds, Mary. “Sewing Up the Project.” Today’s News-Herald, Lake Havasu, AZ, v. 35, (189) September 26, 2000, p. 1.
  51. ^ Roshan, Sorosh, Editor et al. “Peace Ribbons at Atomic Bomb Dome.” International Health Awareness Network, Spring 2006, p. 2.
  52. ^ Hevesi, Dennis. "Rabbi Bruce M. Cohen, is dead at age 65; Worked to promote peace". New York Times (Obit), August 8, 2010.
  53. ^ "Zap To Peace". 1995, 50 minutes, color. Israel Broadcasting Authority; Israel Television produced the video, youth television led the campaign and televised the event along with other news programs.
  54. ^ "The Ribbon Embassies Link Up". Peacemeal (Newsletter 13). Nov./Dec. 1986 Wellington, New Zealand. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  55. ^ Bussell, Lynne, Editorial Team, Newsletter Committee. "2006 Ribbon Joining at the United Nations WTC". Church Women News, Vol. 1, (3) June 2006, p.8.
  56. ^ "National September 11 Memorial & Museum". Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  57. ^ Palmer, Susan. “Activist Who Inspired a Global Peace Project Dies in Eugene at 84.” The Register Guard, Eugene, OR, January 28, 2009.
  58. ^ "Nuclear Abolition Day". Retrieved 2014-05-10.
  59. ^ "Mayors For Peace". Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  60. ^ Kroyer, Frank, Responsible Editor, International Teacher Association. “Mayors of Peace.” International Teacher-Post, a Pedagogical newsletter since 1982 , No. 4, December 2004, p. 15, Lundovej 173, DK – 7840 Hojslev. (ISNN 1396-8580)
  61. ^ State of Oklahoma, 2nd Session of the 52nd Legislature (2010). A resolution honoring the victims of the Oklahoma City bombing; thanking Church Women United for their commemoration…”the Church Women United will display their Ribbon of Tangible Hope showing people’s desire for peace.”
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