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Largest ethnic groups

See also: List of languages by number of native speakers

The largest groups commonly identified as "ethnic groups" (as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, racial groups or similar).

Namef Language Homeland Population (estimate) Subgroups Primary Religion & Sect
Han Chinese Sino-Tibetan
→ Sinitic
→ Chinese 		China 1,300 million[1] Cantonese, Chuanqing, Fuzhouese, Min, Gan, Hakka, Hunanese, Hoklo, Shanghainese, Taishanese, Tanka (Fuzhou Tanka), Teochew N/A
Hindustani Indo-European
→ Indo-Aryan
→ Hindi languages 		India 420–1,200 million [2] Biharis, Rajasthanis, Oriyas, Bengalis, Punjabis, Gujaratis, Marathis Hinduism
Arabs Afro-Asiatic
→ Semitic
→ Central Semitic
→ Arabic 		Arab World 300–400 million[3] Bedouins Islam
→ Sunni Islam
Bengalis Indo-European
→ Indo-Aryan
→ Bengali 		Bangladesh
India 		270 million[4] Islam
Russians Indo-European
→ Slavic
→ East Slavic
→ Russian 		Russia 130–150 million[5] Christianity
→ Eastern Orthodoxy
Japanese Japonic
→ Japanese		 Japan 130 million [6]
Tamils Dravidian
→ Tamil 		India
Sri Lanka 		78 million[7] Hinduism
Punjabis Indo-European
→ Indo-Aryan
→ Punjabi 		India
Pakistan 		120 million [8]
Javanese Austronesian
→ Javanese 		Java 105 million[9] Abangan, Priyayi, Santri Islam
Biharis Indo-European
→ Indo-Aryan
→ Bihari languages 		India 100 million Hinduism

</ref>

Telugu Dravidian
→ Telugu 		India 90 million [10] Hinduism
Marathi Indo-European
→ Indo-Aryan
→ Marathi 		India 87 million[11] Hinduism
Vietnamese Austroasiatic
→ Vietic
→ Vietnamese		 Vietnam 84 million [12] Buddhism
→ Mahayana
Koreans Koreanic
→ Korean		 Korea 80 million [13] N/A
Germans Indo-European
→ Germanic
→ West Germanic
→ German 		Austria
Germany
Switzerland 		70–160 million[14] Bavarians, Franconians, Saxons, Swabians, Thuringians Christianity
→ Roman Catholicism Christianity
→ Lutheranism
Turks Turkic
→ Oghuz
→ Turkish 		Turkey 70–83 million [15] Manavs, Yörüks Islam
→ Sunni Islam
French Indo-European
→ Romance
→ French 		France 66–106 million[16] Occitans, Walloons Christianity
→ Roman Catholicism
Italians Indo-European
→ Romance
→ Italian		 Italy[17] 60 –140 million[18] Christianity
→ Roman Catholicism
Persians Indo-European
→ Iranian
→ Persian		 Iran 60–70 million[19] Islam
→ Shia Islam
English Indo-European
→ Germanic
→ English		 England 50–110 million[20] Christianity
→ Anglicanism
Gujaratis Indo-European
→ Indo-Aryan
→ Gujarati 		Gujarat 50–60 million[21] Hinduism
Thais Tai–Kadai
→ Thai 		Thailand 50 million Central Thai, Southern (Siamese, Tai Siam), Northern (Lanna), Isan people Buddhism
Spaniards Indo-European
→ Romance
→ Spanish		 Spain 43–150 million [22] Andalusians, Asturians, Castillians, Leonese Christianity
→ Roman Catholicism
Portuguese Indo-European
→ Romance
→ Portuguese		 Portugal 42 million (11–100 million[23] Christianity
→ Roman Catholicism
Pashtuns Indo-European
→ Iranian
→ Pashto		 Afghanistan
Pakistan 		40–60 million[24] Islam
→ Sunni Islam
Poles Indo-European
→ Slavic
→ West Slavic
→ Polish 		Poland 40–56 million[25] Christianity
→ Roman Catholicism
Ukrainians Indo-European
→ Slavic
→ East Slavic
→ Ukrainian 		Ukraine 40–45 million[26] Christianity
→ Eastern Orthodoxy
Irish Indo-European
→ Germanic
→ West Germanic
→ Hiberno-English[27]
Indo-European
→ Celtic
→ Irish 		Ireland 10–50 million[28] Christianity
→ Roman Catholicism
Kannada Dravidian
→ Kannada 		India 37–55 million Hinduism
  1. ^ 1.24 billion (92% of total population) in the PRC (CIA Factbook 2014 est.), about 22 million in Taiwan, and an estimated 50 million Overseas Chinese
  2. ^ depending on definition; CIA Factbook (2014) gives 890 million Indo-Aryans as the majority group of the Republic of India. The Indo-Aryan languages are estimated to have some 1.2 billion native speakers. The 2001 Indian census records two figures, 258 million and 422 million "Hindi" speakers. Both figures include languages other than Standard Hindi, such as Rajasthani (ca. 80 million in independent estimates), Bhojpuri (40 million), Awadhi (38 million), Chhattisgarhi (18 million), and dozens of other languages with a million to over ten million speakers each. The figure of 422 million specifically includes all such people, whereas the figure of 258 depends on speaker identification as recorded in the census. Maithili (one of the Bihari languages) was listed as a separate language in the 2001 census but previously considered a dialect of Hindi.
  3. ^ identification as Arab of all Arab speaking populations (historically Arabized due to the Islamic conquests) is relatively recent (20th century), a product of Pan-Arabism, and may be subject to political dispute. The Arabic language has an estimated 293 million native speakers. The majority of these identifies as Arab. The CIA Factbook estimates the number of ethnic Arabs as follows: 86.9 M in Egypt, 38.8 M in Algeria, 33.0 M in Morocco, 32.6 M in Iraq, 26.2 M in Saudi Arabia, 25.9 M in Sudan, 24.3 M in Yemen, 22.5 M in Syria, 10.4 M in Tunisia (also identified as Arab-Berber, 10.3 M in Chad, 8.0 M in Israel, 6.5 M in Libya (also identified as Arab-Berber), 6.5 M in Jordan, 6.1 M in Eritrea, 4.7 M in the United Arab Emirates, 41 M in Lebanon, 4.2 M in the Palestinian territories, 3.1 M in Oman, 3.0 M in Kuwait, 3.3 M in Mauritania (also identified as Arab-Berber or Moors), 1.9 M in Sri Lanka (Ceylon Moors), 1.5 M in Qatar, 1.2 M in Bahrain, 0.8 M in Djibouti, 0.6 M in Western Sahara. This amounts to a population of 366 million Arabs. To this are added an estimated 7 million Arab immigrants in western countries.
  4. ^ roughly 163 million in Bangladesh and 100 million in the Republic of India (CIA Factbook 2014 estimates, numbers subject to rapid population growth); about 3 million Bangladeshis in the Middle East, 1 million Bengalis in Pakistan, 0.4 million British Bangladeshi.
  5. ^ Estimates range between 130 and 150 million. 111 million in the Russian Federation (2010 census), about 16 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states (8 M in Ukraine, 4.5 M in Kazakhstan, 1 M in Belarus, 0.6 M Latvia, 0.6 M in Uzbekistan, 0.6 M in Kyrgyzstan. Up to 10 million Russian diaspora elsewhere (mostly Americas and Western Europe).
  6. ^ 127 million in Japan, about 2.5 million abroad.
  7. ^ 73 million in the Republic of India (CIA Factbook 2014 estimate, subject to rapid population growth), 2 million in Sri Lanka (CIA Factbook 2014 estimate), roughly 3 million in diaspora.
  8. ^ 88 M in Pakistan, 35 M in the Republic of India (CIA Factbook 2014 estimates).
  9. ^ 102 million in Indonesia (CIA Factbook 2014 estimate); small numbers in Malaysia, Suriname and elsewhere.
  10. ^ 89 million in the Republic of India (CIA Factbook 2014 estimate), subject to rapid population growth.
  11. ^ 87 million in the Republic of India (CIA Factbook 2014 estimate), subject to rapid population growth.
  12. ^ 80 million in Vietnam (CIA Factbook 2014 estimate), roughly 4 million in diaspora.
  13. ^ 50 million in South Korea, 24 million in North Korea, roughly 7 million in diaspora.
  14. ^ The total number of ethnic Germans is estimated anywhere between some 70 and 160 million, mostly depending on whether "German ancestry" is counted (50 million German Americans, including self-reported partial German ancestry in the US census). Of approximately 120 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 70 million consider themselves Germans (not including 8 million Austrians and 4 million Swiss). German nationality law equates German ethnicity with German nationality, accounting for 65 million Germans in Germany, and more than 1 million German citizens living abroad. The case is complicated by the right of return granted to the so-called Spätaussiedler, non-nationals recognized as ethnic Germans.
  15. ^ The uncertainty is mostly due to the classification of ethnic groups in Turkey, and the identification of Turkish ancestry in the former Ottoman Empire, see Turkish population. The largest diaspora group are the c. 4 million Turks in Germany.
  16. ^ Estimates range from anywhere between 66 to 106 million. The French language has an estimated 75 million native speakers. The CIA Factbook does not report any French ethnicity (considering it a nationality), giving the ethnic composition of France as "Celtic and Latin with Teutonic". [1]
  17. ^ As a nation state, Italy was unified in the 19th century, combining ethnically diverse territories in the Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia.
  18. ^ Figures cited range anywhere between some 60 and 140 million, the latter figure including citizens of Brazil and the United States who identify as of partial Italian ancestry. The Italian language has some 60 million native speakers. [2]
  19. ^ 50 million in Iran, 8 million in Afghanistan, 2 million in Tajikistan, roughly 2 million in diaspora. The Persian language has an estimated 60 million native speakers.
  20. ^ 45 million in England, some 24 million reporting "English ancestry" in the United States, 1.4 million reporting English "ethnic origin" in Canada, and between 7 and 10 million in Australia.
  21. ^ CIA Factbook (2014) estimates 55 million in India. SIL Ethnologue cites 46 million native speakers of Gujarati. About 1 million in Pakistan and 1 million in the USA.
  22. ^ There is no clear definition of Spanish ethnicity. In Spain, ethnic identity is divided into regional groups, and internationally, Spanish ethnicity is not clearly delineated from "Spanish ancestry" in the territories of the former colonial empire. There are 41 million Spanish nationals in Spain, and some 2 million living abroad.
  23. ^ Portuguese ethnicity is more clear-cut than Spanish ethnicity, but here also, the case is complicated by the Portuguese ancestry of populations in the former colonial empire. Portugal has 11 million nationals. The 42 million figure is due to a study estimating a total of an additional 31 million descendants from Portuguese grandparents; these people would be eligible for Portuguese citizenship under Portuguese nationality law (which grants citizenship to grandchildren of Portuguese nationals). Emigração: A diáspora dos portugueses (2009)
  24. ^ About 30 million in Pakistan and 12 million in Afghanistan; Penzl and Sloan, Pashto Grammar (2009) estimated a total number of Pashto speakers between 40 and 60 million. SIL Ethnologue in 2011 estimated an ethnic population of 49 million.
  25. ^ 36 million in Poland; up to 20 million people claiming "Polish ancestry" (including 9 million Polish Americans) elsewhere.
  26. ^ 37.5 million ethnic Ukrainians in Ukraine (2001 census), 2 million in Russia (2010 census), 0.4 million in Moldova, 0.3 million in Kazakhstan; roughly up to 5 million in diaspora elsewhere (including "non-primary ancestry").
  27. ^ The Irish were predominantly Gaelic-speaking until the 17th century, but significantly anglicized during the early modern period. Since the mid-19th century, the large majority of Irish have been native speakers of English.
  28. ^ c. 7 million in Ireland, about 30 million Irish Americans (including non-primary ancestry), 2 million in Australia (self-declared Irish ancestry), 4.5 million in Canada and up to 1 million in Argentina. The UK census does not record ethnicity (other than generic "White British", and an unknown number of people in the UK identify as Irish (Irish community in Britain, estimated between roughly 1 and 6 million).
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