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Kamathipura

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Kamathipura
neighbourhood
A lane in Kamathipura
A lane in Kamathipura
Country India
StateMaharashtra
MetroMumbai
Elevation
4 m (13 ft)
Languages
 • OfficialMarathi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)

Kamathipura (also spelled Kamthipura) (Marathi: कामाठीपुरा) is Mumbai's oldest and Asia's second largest red-light district.[1] It was first settled after 1795 with the construction of causeways that connected the erstwhile seven islands of Bombay. Initially known as Lal Bazaar, it got its name from the Kamathis (workers) of Andhra Pradesh state ( Now Telangana state ), who were labourers on construction sites. Due to tough police crackdown, in the late 1990s with the rise of AIDS and government's redevelopment policy that helped sex workers to move out of the profession and subsequently out of Kamathipura, the number of sex workers in the area has dwindled. In 1992, Bombay Municipal Corporation (BMC) recorded there were 50,000 sex workers here which was reduced to 1,600 in 2009, with many sex worker migrating to other areas in Maharashtra and real estate developer taking over the high-priced real estate. O[1]

History

Former seven islands of Bombay, before the 17th century

The ground floors open directly onto the road like native shops. In their lower and upper rooms, native women call to male passers-by.

- A visiting British missionary in late 19th century [2]
Kamathipura area in map of Bombay, 1924

After the completion of the Hornby Vellard project in 1784, which built a causeway uniting all seven islands of Bombay under William Hornby, governor of Bombay (1771-1784), plugged the Great Breach in Mahalaxmi, while the subsequent Bellasis Road causeway joined Mazagaon and Malabar Hill in 1793. This resulted in several low-lying marshy areas of Mumbai Flats like Byculla, Tardeo, Mahalaxmi and Kamathipura opening up for habitation. Thereafter starting 1795, Kamathis (workers) of Andhra Pradesh state, working as labourers on construction sites began settling here, giving the area its present name. It was bounded by Bellasis Road on the north, by Grant Road on the south and the main road across, Falkland Road.[2][3] At one point during this period it was home to a Chinese community, which worked as dockhands and ran restaurants. By the late 19th century it all changed.[1]

Till then, as previous 1864 Census figures for Bombay indicate, other areas had a larger population of prostitutes, like Girgaum (1,044), Phanaswadi (1,323) and Oomburkharee (1,583) compared with Kamathipura (601), all which declined after 1864.[4] This small region boasted the most exotic consorts. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, a large number of women and girls from continental Europe and Japan were trafficked into Kamathipura, where they worked as prostitutes servicing British soldiers and local Indian men.[5][6] Gradually, social stratification also took place: A busy road in Kamathipura was known as Safed Gully (White Lane) owing to the European prostitutes housed here during the British Raj. The lane is now known as Cursetji Shuklaji Street. The first venereal disease clinic of Bombay was opened in 1916, taken over by BMC in 1925. Nearby, Bachchuseth ki Wadi on Foras Road was famous for its kothewalis or tawaifs and mujras.[1]

When the British left India, the Indian sex workers took over. In recent decades, large numbers of Nepalese women and girls have also been trafficked into the district as sex workers.[7] Over the years under Indian government rule, the sex industry in Kamathipura continued to flourish, and trafficking brought women from different parts of the country here. Eventually it became Asia's largest sex district.[8]

Today, it is said that there are so many brothels in the area that there is no space for the sex workers to sit. They hang around in the streets, solicit customers, and then rent an available bed. The 3,000-odd buildings in the area are largely dilapidated and in urgent need of repairs; safe drinking water and sanitation is scarce as well.[9]

Linganna Puttal Pujari (1915–1999), who migrated to Mumbai from Nizamabad in Andhra Pradesh in 1928 and was a prominent social worker and city and state legislator, was largely responsible for most of the civic amenities available to the residents of Kamathipura today.

Some historical sources point out[citation needed] that the origin of slums, subsequently the red-light areas of Mumbai including Kamathipura is related to land acquisition, from the indigenous locals who were evicted from their farmlands and cattle-fields and forced themselves to live in congested conditions, for the development of the industrial harbor city. At the early stages, people accumulated in the new slums partly depended on constructions contracts. Later, as men became unemployed due to lack of jobs, more women turned up selling themselves in the red-streets for livelihood. Now these streets are playgrounds for human traffickers and mafia in addition to the economic refugees who came during the past years. In the 1970s and early '80s Bachchu Wadi at Kamathipura was frequented by gangleaders from Mumbai underworld, such as Haji Mastan, Karim Lala, and Dawood Ibrahim.[1]

In 2005, with a state-wide ban on dance bars, many dancing girls, who couldn't find other means of income, moved to prostitution to survive, in Mumbai's red-light districts, like Kamathipura. According to police, in 2005, there were 100,000 prostitutes working out of five-star hotels and brothels across Mumbai.[10]

The area is home to a small cottage industry of about 200 women who make a living rolling beedis (hand-rolled Indian cigarette).[9]

Demographics

Kamathipura is divided into roughly 14 lanes and divided according to regional and linguistic backgrounds of the sex workers. Most of the sex workers come from other Indian states and Nepal.[11]There is little interaction between areas, which makes it harder for social organizations to organize them into a movement or union. Further, lack of public opinion, political leadership or social activism which is empathetic towards them means a tough time forming unions.[8]

The area had 55,936 voters in 2007, out of which 15,000 were Muslims, 6,500 Telugus; the rest are Marathi, South Indians and East Indians.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

Since 2005, the Sanghamitra collective, run by and for the sex workers of Kamatipura, has provided practical assistance to women in the sex trade as well as helping to rescue children and trafficked women from the brothels.[12]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e "Red light district swaps sin for skyscrapers". The Times of India. Nov 28, 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Kamathipura". Mumbai Pages.
  3. ^ "Bellasis Road". Mumbai Pages, TIFR.
  4. ^ Tambe, p. 62
  5. ^ Fischer-Tiné, Harald (2003). "'White women degrading themselves to the lowest depths': European networks of prostitution and colonial anxieties in British India and Ceylon ca. 1880–1914". Indian Economic Social History Review. 40 (2): 163–190 [175 & 181]. doi:10.1177/001946460304000202Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  6. ^ Tambe, Ashwini (2005). "The Elusive Ingénue: A Transnational Feminist Analysis of European Prostitution in Colonial Bombay". Gender & Society. 19 (2): 160–79. doi:10.1177/0891243204272781Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  7. ^ Selling of Innocents _ Part I – Film by Ruchira Gupta on YouTube
  8. ^ a b Karandikar, p. 17
  9. ^ a b "Beedi workers look for saviour". DNA (newspaper). Jan 25, 2007.
  10. ^ Watson, Paul (March 26, 2006). "Prostitution beckons India's former bar girls". San Francisco Chronicle.
  11. ^ "Dancing in the dark". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 20 July 2013.
  12. ^ The Sanghamitra Sex Worker Collective: Challenging Stereotypes and Discrimination (PDF)

References

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