Viscum

Viscum
Viscum album growing on a Populus species
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Santalales
Family:	Santalaceae
Genus:	Viscum L.
Species
See text

Viscum is a genus of about 70-100 species of mistletoes, native to temperate and tropical regions of Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia. Traditionally, the genus has been placed in its own family Viscaceae, but recent genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group shows this family to be correctly placed within a larger circumscription of the sandalwood family, Santalaceae.

They are woody, obligate hemiparasitic shrubs with branches 15–80 centimetres (5.9–31.5 in) long. Their hosts are woody shrubs and trees. The foliage is dichotomously or verticillately branching, with opposite pairs or whorls of green leaves which perform some photosynthesis (minimal in some species, notably V. nudum), but with the plant drawing its mineral and water needs from the host tree. Different species of Viscum tend to use different host species; most species are able to utilise several different host species.

The flowers are inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, 1–3 millimetres (0.039–0.118 in) diameter. The fruit is a berry, white, yellow, orange, or red when mature, containing several seeds embedded in very sticky juice; the seeds are dispersed when birds (notably the Mistle Thrush) eat the fruit, and remove the sticky seeds from the bill by wiping them on tree branches where they can germinate.

Selected species

Mistletoe Viscum album with berries

• Viscum album – European mistletoe
• Viscum articulatum
• Viscum bancroftii
• Viscum capense – Cape mistletoe (South Africa)
• Viscum coloratum
• Viscum combreticola Engl. – Combretum mistletoe
• Viscum cruciatum – Red-berried mistletoe
• Viscum diospyrosicola
• Viscum fargesii
• Viscum liquidambaricola
• Viscum loranthi
• Viscum minimum
• Viscum monoicum
• Viscum multinerve
• Viscum nudum
• Viscum orientale
• Viscum ovalifolium
• Viscum rotundifolium L.f. – Round-leaved or Red-berry mistletoe
• Viscum triflorum
• Viscum whitei
• Viscum yunnanense

References

• Flora of China: Viscum
• Flora of Pakistan: Viscum
• Flora Europaea: Viscum
• "Viscum L." Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
• Mistletoe Pages: Viscum