Airbus A320neo family
A320neo family A319/A320/A321neo | |
---|---|
File:CGI Airbus A320neo.png | |
CGI representation of the future A320neo | |
Role | Narrow-body jet airliner |
National origin | Multi-national |
Manufacturer | Airbus |
First flight | 25 September 2014 |
Introduction | October 2015 (scheduled) |
Status | In development / early production |
Number built | 1 |
Developed from | Airbus A320 family |
The Airbus A320neo family is a family of aircraft under development by Airbus replacing the predecessor A320 family (now A320ceo (current engine option)).[1] The letters "neo" stand for "New Engine Option" and are the last step of the modernisation programme A320 Enhanced (or A320E) which was started in 2006. In addition to the neo, the modernisation programme also included such improvements as: Aerodynamic refinements, large curved winglets (Sharklets), weight savings, a new cabin with larger luggage spaces, and an improved air purification system.[2][3] Customers will have a choice of either the CFM International LEAP-1A or the Pratt & Whitney PW1100G.
These improvements in combination are predicted to result in 15% less fuel consumption per aircraft, 8% lower operating costs, less noise production, and a reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by at least 10% compared to the A320 series, as well as an increase in range of approximately 500 nautical miles.[4] A rearranged cabin allows up to 20 more passengers[5] enabling in total over 20% less fuel consumption per seat.[6]
Airbus has firm orders for the A320neo family totaling 2,523 as of November 2013.[7] Orders passed the 3,000 mark during the 2014 Farnborough Airshow in the UK. The first ever A320neo rolled out of the Airbus factory in Toulouse on 1 July 2014.[8] The first flight of the aircraft took place on the 25th of September 2014.[9]
Development
A320 Enhanced
Airbus had been assessing the successor to the A320 family with the option of a completely new aircraft or a re-engined and updated one. In 2006 Airbus started the A320 Enhanced (or A320E) programme as a series of improvements to the A320 family. The improvements include aerodynamic refinements, such as adding large curved winglets (Sharklets) with 3.5% fuel burn improvements, weight savings, a new cabin, and engine improvements.[2] Although these engine improvements were fitted into the A320 in 2007/2008 with the CFM56 Tech Insertion and the V2500Select (One), they were estimated with improvements of only 1-2%, which finally led to Airbus's decision of going with the new engine option, abbreviated "neo".[10][11][12]
"Who's going to roll over a fleet to a new generation aircraft for 5% better than an A320 today? Especially if another 10% improvement might be coming in the second half of the next decade based on new engine technology," said John Leahy, Airbus Chief Operating Officer and executive member, in 2006.[2]
Sharklets
The A320 Enhanced as well as the A320neo will also include some modifications to the wing, mainly the installation of blended winglets called "Sharklets"[13] which were announced on 15 November 2009 by Airbus [14] to A320s (and A320neos) commencing in 2012 with launch customer Air New Zealand.[15] These Airbus winglets, which are 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in) tall and weigh 200 kilograms (440 lb),[16] would reduce fuel burn by 3.5% and offer increases in payload of 500 kilograms (1,100 lb), or range by 100 nautical miles (190 km) at the original payload.[17] This corresponds to an annual CO2 reduction of around 700 tonnes per aircraft,[14] saving operators US$220,000 per aircraft per year.[18] The Sharklets are to be manufactured and distributed by Korean Air Aerospace Division.[19]
Enhanced Cabin
A new cabin was fitted, offering better and larger luggage storage[20] and a quieter cabin, packaged with a more modern look and feel. A new air purification system with filters and a catalytic converter removes toxic fumes and unpleasant smells from the air before it is pumped into the cabin.[21] Additionally, improved cabin efficiency by a new galley concept, reduced weight, improved ergonomics and food hygiene and recycling requirements.[22] LED ambience lighting is optionally available. Anytime LEDs are used for the Passenger Service Unit (PSU)[23] and the flight crew can control the cabin through new touchscreen displays.[24]
The new "Space-Flex" optional cabin configuration includes a new rear galley configuration and "Smart-Lav" lavatory design; increasing space-efficiency.[25] It allows up to 9 more passengers for the A320neo and - with moved and size increased exit doors ("Cabin-Flex") - up to 20 more passengers for the A321neo without "putting more sardines in the can".[26] Fuel efficiency per seat is increased by 6% with this option, together with the new engines in total exceeding 20%.[6]
A320neo: New Engine Option
On 1 December 2010, Airbus officially launched its successor to the A320 Enhanced, the A320neo "New Engine Option". The choice for new engines include the CFM International LEAP-X and the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G.[27][28][29] Though the new engines will burn 16% less fuel, the actual fuel gain on an A320 installation will be slightly less, since 1–2% is typically lost upon installation on an existing aircraft. Overall this means an additional range of 950 km (510 nmi), or 2 t (4,400 lb) of extra payload.[30]
Airbus' CEO was said to be "comfortable" with the projections of 15% lower maintenance cost for the Pratt & Whitney's PW1000G family, compared with today's engines.[27] Airbus is targeting October 2015 for the first delivery and plans to deliver 4,000 A320neo over 15 years. Virgin America became the launch customer with a firm order of 30 A320neo aircraft as a part of a 60 aircraft order on 17 January 2011.[31] However, in November 2012 they deferred the deliveries of the A320neo aircraft until 2020, making ILFC the new launch customer along with the A321neo.[32] Airlines' choices between the two engines are almost equal.[33]
The first Airbus A320neo rolled out of the Toulouse factory on 1 July 2014.[34]
Design
Airbus states that the A320neo Family incorporates latest-generation engines and large "Sharklet" wingtip devices, which together will deliver a total of 15 percent in fuel savings;[35] this includes the use of "Sharklet" winglets which are able to decrease the fuel consumption by 3.5% to 4% due to the decrease of wingtip vortices and drag.
The A320neo has over 95% airframe commonality with the current A320 with 91% commonality in tooling; the airframe is made with new materials such as composite materials and more aluminium alloys, which helps save weight and thus fuel consumption.[36] Also, the new materials will reduce the total of parts of the plane, which will decrease the maintenance costs.[35][37]
Delivery advancement
Contrary to most recent airliner developments with partly years of delay (including competitors Bombardier CSeries, Comac C919, Irkut MS-21, postponed development of Boeing Y1/737 MAX), the A320neo delivery was advanced to October 2015 from second quarter 2016.[38] Its first flight was advanced to September 2014.[39] The 95% commonality with the A320 helped eliminating the risks associated with too many modifications in one shot.[40]
Variants
Airbus has decided to offer three advanced variants of the A320 family with the "New Engine Option." The A319, A320 and A321 will all be developed further while the A318 is not expected to be offered as a "neo," although that may change in the future.[41]
- A319neo: Qatar Airways is the launch customer.[42]
- A320neo: ILFC is the launch customer.[32][43]
- A321neo: ILFC is the launch customer.[43]
Orders
2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Total | |
A319neo | 0 | 26 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 45[7] |
A320neo + undisclosed |
30 | 1081 | 378 | 387 | 176 | 2052[7] |
A321neo | 0 | 119 | 81 | 341 | 23 | 564[7] |
Total | 30 | 1226 | 478 | 728 | 199 | 2661[7] |
Since its launch in December 2010 the A320neo has received "above 2,000 NEO orders in a little over two years after launch" making it the fastest selling commercial aircraft in history.[44][45] Significant orders include 150 aircraft from IndiGo,[46][47] 200 from AirAsia, 130 from American Airlines and 174 from Lion Air. The A320neo is planned to enter service in October 2015 with ILFC, 27 years after the first A320 was delivered. This will be followed by the shrunk A319neo and later by the stretched A321neo.
At the Paris Air Show 2011, Airbus announced that they had orders from GECAS, Scandinavian Airlines, TransAsia Airways, IndiGo, LAN Airlines, AirAsia and GoAir.[48] A few months later, Lufthansa became the aircraft's first German customer, ordering 30 examples.[49] On 14 March 2013, the airline ordered 70 additional A320neo and A321neo aircraft.[50] Airbus also received commitments for 83 A320neo aircraft from Air Lease Corporation and AviancaTaca. A month later American Airlines ordered 130 A320neo's on 20 July 2011, which would cause the airline to cease having an all-Boeing fleet. The order placed on 23 June 2011 by the Malaysian low-cost carrier AirAsia was announced as the largest commercial aviation order at the time.[51] At the 2011 Paris Air Show, the A320neo received a combined total of 667 orders and 83 commitments. The Dubai Airshow in November 2011 saw a further total of 130 orders and 105 commitments by several customers. AirAsia has placed the largest order ever of the A320neo, consisting of 200 aircraft. On 25 January 2012 Norwegian and Airbus confirmed an order of 100 A320neo.[52] Pegasus Airlines, the second largest airline in Turkey, has signed for up to 100 A320neo Family aircraft, of which 75 (57 A320neo and 18 A321neo models) are firm orders.[53] easyJet, who already operates 195 A320ceo family aircraft, announced on 18 June 2013 an intention to acquire 100 Airbus A320neo for delivery between 2017 and 2022. As part of the deal, easyJet have options on a further 100 A320neo aircraft.[54]
Specifications
Specifications are preliminary until design is finished.
A319neo | A320neo | A321neo | |
---|---|---|---|
Cockpit crew | Two | ||
Seating capacity | 156 (1-class, maximum) 134 (1-class, typical) 124 (2-class, typical) |
189[55][25] (1-class, maximum) 164 (1-class, typical) 150 (2-class, typical) |
240[26] (1-class, maximum) 199 (1-class, typical) 185 (2-class, typical) |
Seat pitch | 28 in (71 cm) – 29 in (74 cm) (1-class, maximum) | 28 in (71 cm) – 30 in (76 cm)[26] (1-class, maximum) | |
Seat width | 18 in (46 cm) | ||
Cruising speed | Mach 0.78 (828 km/h/511 mph at 11,000 m/36,000 ft) | ||
Maximum speed | Mach 0.82 (871 km/h/537 mph at 11,000 m/36,000 ft) | ||
Maximum zero-fuel weight (MZFW) | 60.3 t (133,000 lb) | 64.3 t (142,000 lb) | 75.6 t (167,000 lb) |
Maximum landing weight (MLW) | 63.9 t (141,000 lb) | 67.4 t (149,000 lb) | 79.2 t (175,000 lb) |
Maximum take-off weight (MTOW) | 75.5 t (166,000 lb) | 79 t (174,000 lb) | 93.5 t (206,000 lb) |
Maximum fuel capacity | 23,859 L (5,248 imp gal; 6,303 US gal) standard 29,659 L (6,524 imp gal; 7,835 US gal) optional |
23,859 L (5,248 imp gal; 6,303 US gal) standard 29,659 L (6,524 imp gal; 7,835 US gal) optional |
23,700 L (5,200 imp gal; 6,300 US gal) standard 29,684 L (6,530 imp gal; 7,842 US gal) optional |
Maximum range, fully loaded | 4,200 nmi (7,800 km; 4,800 mi)[56] | 3,700 nmi (6,900 km; 4,300 mi)[56] | 3,650 nmi (6,760 km; 4,200 mi)[57] |
Engines (×2) | CFM International LEAP-1A or Pratt & Whitney PW1100G | ||
Fan diameter | PW: 81 in (2.06 m), LEAP-1A: 78 in (1.98 m) | ||
Thrust | PW: 24,000–35,000 lbf (110–160 kN), LEAP-1A: 24,500–32,900 lbf (109–146 kN) |
Source: Airbus,[58][59][60][61] Airliners.net, Flightglobal.com, Pratt & Whitney,[62] CFM International.[63]
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
References
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