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Nvidia

Coordinates: 37°22′14.62″N 121°57′49.46″W / 37.3707278°N 121.9637389°W / 37.3707278; -121.9637389
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37°22′14.62″N 121°57′49.46″W / 37.3707278°N 121.9637389°W / 37.3707278; -121.9637389

Nvidia Corporation
Company typePublic
Nasdaq: NVDA
S&P 500 Component
IndustrySemiconductors
Video games
Consumer electronics
Founded1993
FounderJen-Hsun Huang
Chris Malachowsky
Curtis Priem
HeadquartersSanta Clara, California, USA
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Jen-Hsun Huang
(President & CEO)
ProductsGraphics processing units
Chipsets Video Game Handhelds
Revenue
  • Decrease US$ 4.13 billion (2014) [1]
  • Increase US$ 4.28 billion (2013) [1]
  • Decrease US$ 496.227 million (2014) [1]
  • Decrease US$ 648.239 million (2013) [1]
  • Decrease US$ 439.99 million (2014) [1]
  • Decrease US$ 562.536 million (2013) [1]
Total assets
  • Increase US$ 7,250.894 million (2014) [2]
  • Increase US$ 6,412.245 million (2013) [1]
Total equity
  • Decrease US$ 4,456.398 million (2014) [2]
  • Increase US$ 4,827.703 million (2013) [1]
Number of employees
8,800 (2014)
Websitewww.nvidia.com

Nvidia Corporation (/ɪnˈvɪdiə/ in-VID-eeə)[3] is an American global technology company based in Santa Clara, California. Nvidia manufactures graphics processing units (GPUs), as well as system-on-a-chip units (SOCs) for the mobile computing market. Nvidia's primary GPU product line, labeled "GeForce", is in direct competition with AMD's "Radeon" products. Nvidia also joined the gaming industry with its handheld Shield Portable and Shield Tablet, as well as the tablet market with the Tegra Note 7.

In addition to GPU manufacturing, Nvidia provides parallel processing capabilities to researchers and scientists that allow them to efficiently run high-performance applications. They are deployed in supercomputing sites around the world.[4][5] More recently, Nvidia has moved into the mobile computing market, where it produces Tegra mobile processors for smartphones and tablets, as well as vehicle navigation and entertainment systems.[6][7][8] In addition to Advanced Micro Devices, its competitors include Intel and Qualcomm.

Company history

Founders and initial investment

Nvidia office in Pune, India

Three people co-founded Nvidia in 1993:[9]

The founders received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital.[10]

Major releases and acquisitions

The autumn of 1999 saw the release of the GeForce 256 (NV10), most notably introducing on-board transformation and lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D hardware. Running at 120 MHz and featuring four pixel pipelines, it implemented advanced video acceleration, motion compensation, and hardware sub-picture alpha blending. The GeForce outperformed existing products by a wide margin.

Due to the success of its products, Nvidia won the contract to develop the graphics hardware for Microsoft's Xbox game console, which earned Nvidia a $200 million advance. However, the project drew the time of many of Nvidia's best engineers away from other projects. In the short term this did not matter, and the GeForce2 GTS shipped in the summer of 2000.

In 2000, Nvidia acquired the intellectual assets of its one-time rival 3dfx, one of the biggest graphics companies of the mid- to late-1990s.[11]

In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna for an undisclosed sum. Exluna made software rendering tools and the personnel were merged into the Cg project.[12]

In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for approximately US$70 million.[13]

On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, a provider of high performance TCP/IP and iSCSI offload solutions.[14]

December 2004 saw the announcement that Nvidia would assist Sony with the design of the graphics processor (RSX) in the PlayStation 3 game console. In March 2006, it emerged that Nvidia would deliver RSX to Sony as an IP core, and that Sony alone would organize the manufacture of the RSX. Under the agreement, Nvidia would provide ongoing support to port the RSX to Sony's fabs of choice (Sony and Toshiba), as well as die shrinks to 65 nm. This practice contrasted with Nvidia's business arrangement with Microsoft, in which Nvidia managed production and delivery of the Xbox GPU through Nvidia's usual third-party foundry contracts. Meanwhile, in May 2005 Microsoft chose to license a design by ATI and to make its own manufacturing arrangements for the Xbox 360 graphics hardware, as had Nintendo for the Wii console (which succeeded the ATI-based Nintendo GameCube).[15]

On December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics, which at the time supplied third-party southbridge parts for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.[16]

In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics.[17]

In December 2006, Nvidia, along with its main rival in the graphics industry AMD (which had acquired ATI), received subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the graphics card industry.[18]

Forbes magazine named Nvidia its Company of the Year for 2007, citing the accomplishments it made during the said period as well as during the previous 5 years.[19]

On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc.[20]

In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia Technologies for an undisclosed sum. Ageia developed the PhysX physics engine hardware and SDK.[21]

In April 2009, a court consolidated multiple class action suits into one case, titled The NVIDIA GPU Litigation.[22] NVIDIA agreed to replace faulty chips in or reimburse purchasers who already spent to get their laptop repaired. Nvidia also gave replacement laptops to many users in lieu of making a repair. The replacements and payments were not made until the settlement was finalized in 2011. Users were required to show proof of purchase and mail in their original faulty laptop. The chips were present in a number of Dell and HP laptops, as well as two Apple MacBook Pro models. Although the settlement cost Nvidia millions of dollars, many of the individuals were unhappy with the settlement, and multiple websites and blogs reflected this. The website entitled Fair Nvidia Settlement[23] was one such site.

On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year cross-licensing agreement with Intel, marking the end of all outstanding legal disputes between these two companies. According to the agreement, Intel agreed to pay Nvidia $1.5 billion in licensing fees in five annual installments.[24]

On February 15, 2011, Nvidia announced and demonstrated the first quad-core processor for mobile devices at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. It was announced that the chip was expected to ship with many tablets to be released in the second half of 2011,[25] and the chip, dubbed the Tegra 3, was released on November 9, 2011.[26]

In May 2011, it was announced that Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera, a baseband chip making company in the UK, for $367 million in cash.[27][28]

On July 29, 2013, NVIDIA Corporation announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics.

On January 6, 2013, Nvidia introduced at CES 2013, the Tegra 4 mobile processor (codename "Wayne"), containing 72 GPU cores, a Quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 CPU core, and LTE capability among its features.[29]

On February 19, 2013, Nvidia announced the Tegra 4i (codename "Project Grey"), its first fully integrated 4G LTE mobile processor, featuring 5 times more GPU cores than Tegra 3, 1080p HD support, and Nvidia Chimera Computational Photography Architecture.[30]

On January 6, 2014, Nvidia introduced at CES 2014, the Tegra K1 mobile processor (codename "Logan"), containing 192 GPU cores and a Quad ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore R3 + low power companion core (32-bit) or Dual-core Project Denver (64-bit). As of February 2014, Nvidia claims that the Tegra K1 outperforms both the Xbox 360 and the PS3 hardware.[31]

According to a survey conducted by market watch firm Jon Peddie Research,[32] Nvidia shipped an estimated 33 million graphics chips in the first quarter of 2010, for a market share of 31.5%. AMD and Intel shipped an estimated 25.15 million units (24.0% market share) and an estimated 45.49 million units (43.5% market share) respectively. Nvidia's year-to-year growth was 41.9%.

In August 2011, Nvidia predicted the growth of its revenues would be 4% to 6%, instead of 4%, as analysts said.[33]

In September 2011, Nvidia forecast strong sales for 2013 in the region of $4.75bn to $5bn, which surpasses analysts expectations of $4.45bn.[34]

Product families

Nvidia's product portfolio includes graphics processors, wireless communications processors, PC platform (motherboard core logic) chipsets, and digital media player software. Some of Nvidia's product families are:

  • GeForce, the gaming graphics processing products for which Nvidia is best known.[35]
  • Quadro computer-aided design and digital content creation workstation graphics processing products.[36]
  • Tegra, a system on a chip series for mobile devices.[37]
  • Tesla, dedicated general purpose GPU for high-end image generation applications in professional and scientific fields.[38]
  • nForce, a motherboard chipset created by Nvidia for Intel (Celeron, Pentium and Core 2) and AMD (Athlon and Duron) microprocessors.[39]
  • The GPU of the original Xbox.
  • The GPU of the PlayStation 3, RSX 'Reality Synthesizer.

Free and open-source software support

See also: Free and open-source device drivers: graphics, Mesa 3D, and nouveau (software)

Until September 23, 2013, Nvidia had not published any documentation for its hardware,[40] meaning that programmers could not write appropriate and effective free and open-source device driver for Nvidia's products without resorting to (clean room) reverse engineering.

Instead, Nvidia provides its own binary GeForce graphics drivers for X.Org and a thin open-source library that interfaces with the Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris kernels and the proprietary graphics software. Nvidia also provided but stopped supporting an obfuscated open-source driver that only supports two-dimensional hardware acceleration and ships with the X.Org distribution.[41]

The proprietary nature of Nvidia's drivers has generated dissatisfaction within free-software communities.[42] Some Linux and BSD users insist on using only open-source drivers, and regard Nvidia's insistence on providing nothing more than a binary-only driver as wholly inadequate, given that competing manufacturers (like Intel) offer support and documentation for open-source developers, and that others (like AMD) release partial documentation and provide some active development.[43][44]

Because of the closed nature of the drivers, Nvidia video cards cannot deliver adequate features on some platforms and architectures given that Nvidia only provides x86/x64 driver builds.[45] As a result, support for 3D graphics acceleration in Linux on PowerPC does not exist, nor does support for Linux on the hypervisor-restricted PlayStation 3 console.

Some users claim that Nvidia's Linux drivers impose artificial restrictions, like limiting the number of monitors that can be used at the same time, but the company has not commented on these accusations.[46]

As of January 31, 2014, Nvidia's Alexandre Courbot committed an extensive patch set which add initial support for the GK20A (Tegra K1) to nouveau.[47]

Restatement

On February 14, 2002, the company restated the financial statements for the first three quarters of fiscal year 2002 and for the fiscal years 2001 and 2000 on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 27, 2002 filed on May 14, 2002. The adjustments to revenue reflected an adjustment in the recording of deferred revenues and in the accrual of a certain customer program. Adjustments to cost of revenues reflected primarily the recording of manufacturing costs, as well as the timing of inventory write-downs. Adjustments to operating expenses reflect primarily the timing of the recording of accruals.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "NVIDIA CORP 2014 Annual Report Form (10-K)" (XBRL). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 13, 2014.
  2. ^ a b "NVIDIA CORP 2015 Q1 Quarterly Report Form (10-Q)" (XBRL). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. May 21, 2014.
  3. ^ Nvidia: The Way It's Meant To Be Played on YouTube
  4. ^ Clark, Don (August 4, 2011). "J.P. Morgan Shows Benefits from Chip Change". WSJ Digits Blog. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  5. ^ "Top500 Supercomputing Sites". Top500. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  6. ^ Burns, Chris. "2011 The Year of Nvidia dominating Android Superphones and tablets". SlashGear. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  7. ^ "Tegra Super Tablets". Nvidia. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  8. ^ "Tegra Super Phones". Nvidia. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  9. ^ "Company Info". Nvidia.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  10. ^ Williams, Elisa (April 15, 2002). "Crying wolf". Forbes. Retrieved August 10, 2009. Huang, a chip designer at AMD and LSI Logic, cofounded the company in 1993 with $20 million from Sequoia Capital and others.
  11. ^ Kanellos, Michael. "Nvidia buys out 3DFX". News.cnet.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  12. ^ Becker, David. "Nvidia buys out Exluna". News.cnet.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  13. ^ "Nvidia acquired MediaQ". Mediaq.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  14. ^ "Press Release". Nvidia.com. April 22, 2004. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  15. ^ Details of ATI's Xbox 360 GPU unveiled - The Tech Report - Page 1. The Tech Report (May 19, 2005). Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  16. ^ "Nvidia acquires ULI Electronics". Nvidia.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  17. ^ The Register Hardware news: Nvidia acquires Hybrid Graphics
  18. ^ "Justice Dept. subpoenas AMD, Nvidia". New York Times. December 1, 2006. Archived from the original on December 8, 2006.
  19. ^ Brian Caulfield (January 7, 2008). "Shoot to Kill". Forbes. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
  20. ^ Press Release: Nvidia acquires PortalPlayer, dated January 5, 2007.
  21. ^ "Nvidia to Acquire AGEIA Technologies". Nvidia.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010. (The press-release made no mention of the acquisition-cost nor of future plans for specific products.)
  22. ^ "Nvidia Settlement". nvidiasettlement.com. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
  23. ^ "Fair Nvidia Settlement". fairnvidiasettlement.com. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
  24. ^ "Intel to Pay Nvidia Technology Licensing Fees of $1.5 Billion". Retrieved January 10, 2011.
  25. ^ "Nvidia Quad Core Mobile Processors Coming in August". PCWorld. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
  26. ^ "Nvidia Quad-Core Tegra 3 Chip Sets New Standards of Mobile Computing Performance, Energy Efficiency". November 9, 2011.
  27. ^ "Cambridge coup as Icera goes to Nvidia for £225m". Business Weekly. May 9, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  28. ^ "Nvidia to Acquire Baseband and RF Technology Leader Icera". Nvidia. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  29. ^ "NVIDIA Introduces World's Fastest Mobile Processor". Nvidia Corporation. January 6, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
  30. ^ "NVIDIA Introduces Its First Integrated Tegra LTE Processor". Nvidia Corporation. February 19, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
  31. ^ BBC. "CES 2014: Nvidia Tegra K1 offers leap in graphics power". Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  32. ^ "Jon Peddie Research Announces First quarter Shipments of PC Graphics". Business Wire. April 26, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
  33. ^ DON CLARK, Wall Street Journal. "Nvidia's Profit, Share Price Rise." August 12, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
  34. ^ "Nvidia shares up 11 percent on $5bn sales forecast". Investoo.co.uk. September 7, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
  35. ^ http://www.geforce.com/hardware
  36. ^ http://www.nvidia.com/object/quadro.html
  37. ^ http://www.nvidia.com/object/tegra.html
  38. ^ http://www.nvidia.com/object/tesla-supercomputing-solutions.html
  39. ^ http://www.nvidia.com/object/product_nforce_730i_us.html
  40. ^ "Nvidia Offers to Release Public Documentation on Certain Aspects of Their GPUs". September 23, 2013. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
  41. ^ X.Org Wiki – nv
  42. ^ "Linus Torvalds: 'Fuck You, Nvidia' for not Supporting Linux". The Verge. June 17, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  43. ^ "X.org, distributors, and proprietary modules". Linux Weekly News. Eklektix. August 14, 2006. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
  44. ^ An overview of graphic card manufacturers and how well they work with Ubuntu[dead link‍] Ubuntu Gamer, January 10, 2011 (Article by Luke Benstead)
  45. ^ Nvidia Unix Drivers Portal
  46. ^ Nvidia Removed Linux Driver Feature Due to Windows
  47. ^ "drm/nouveau: initial support for GK20A (Tegra K1)". January 31, 2014.
  48. ^ "NVIDIA CORP".
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