Nasher (Kharoti clan)
| House of Nashir | |
|---|---|
| Parent house | Kharoti |
| Country | Afghanistan |
| Founded | 977 / 1709 |
| Current head | Mohammad Faraidoon Nashir |
| Titles | |
The Nasher (also: Nashir) (Dari: الناشر, Persian: الناشر, Arabic: الناشر) are a noble Afghan family and Khans of the Kharoti (Ghilzai) tribe.[1] The family is originally from Qarabagh, Ghazni but founded modern day Kunduz in the early 20th century and lived there until the end of the Durrani monarchy in the late 20th century. Members of the family now live in the United States, England and Germany.
Origins and history
| History of Afghanistan |
|---|
 The palace of the emir in 1839 |
| Timeline |
The Nashir are often referred to the ancient Ghaznavid dynasty.[2][3][4][5][6] The Ghaznavids (Template:Lang-fa) were a Turko-Persian dynasty of mamluk origin who carved out an empire, at their greatest extent ruling large parts of Persia, much of Transoxania, and the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent from 977 to 1186 A.D.[7][8] When the Ghaznavid dynasty was defeated in 1148 by the Ghurids, the Ghaznavid Sultans continued to live in Ghazni, later known as the Nasher.[9][10][11][12] However, there is no evidence of a continued lineage to the Nashir. The earliest certain mention of the Nasher was in 1120 A.H (1709 A.D.),[4][5][6][13][14] when Ghilzai Pashtun tribesmen under Khan Nashir successfully overthrew Safavid rule to establish the Ghilzai Hotaki dynasty, which controlled Afghanistan and Persia from 1719-1729 A.D. until Nadir Shah of Persia seized power in the Battle of Damghan.
The Nasher then lived as (often still referred to as Ghaznavid[2][3][4][5][6]) Khans of the Kharoti (Pashto: خروټی), a Pashtun tribe of Ghilzai origin with an estimated population of about 5.5 million, making it one of the largest, if not the largest tribe in Afghanistan, with significant territory throughout eastern and south-eastern Afghanistan: Ghazni, Zabul, Paktia, Khost, Logar, Wardak, Kabul and Nangarhar.[15][16]
In the 19th century
After the great Ghilzai rebellion in 1885-1886, led by Alam Khan Nasher, the Nasher family was exiled by the ruling Durrani King Amir Abdur Rahman Khan in order to weaken his nemesis.[17] Sher Khan Nasher, Khan of the Kharoti soon became governor of the Kunduz district launched an industrialisation campaign, founding the Spinzar Company, with major urban development and construction programmes.[18][19] Economic development transformed Kunduz into a thriving city with new residential housing, schools, and hospitals for the factory workers.[20] Sher Khan Nasher also implemented Qizel Qala harbour that was later named Sher Khan Bandar in his honor.[21] As his power grew and he eventually controlled the whole north of Afghanistan, the throne was within his reach, which is why there are theories that he was poisoned by the Durrani king.[22] Several schools were named after him,[23][24][25] with many high-profile graduates, such as Hekmatyar,[26][27] Farhad Darya Nasher,[24] Dr. Saddrudin Sahar[28] and Suleman Kakar[29] Muhammad Nasher Khan was the governor of Badakshan in the 1930s.
In modern history
Sher Khan's nephew and stepson Ghulam Sarwar Nashir developed Spinzar further, employing over 20,000 people and maintaining construction companies, a porcelain factory and hotels in Kunduz and throughout Afghanistan.[30] Long before he became a radical, Nashir sent fellow Kharoti Hekmatyar to Kabul's famed Mahtab Qala military academy in 1968, as he considered him to be a promising young man.[23][31] After he was expelled from the Mahtab Qala, Nasher imprisoned him briefly for toying with Communist ideology. On a hunting trip, Nashir discovered ancient artefacts and invited Princeton-archaeologist Daniel Schlumberger with his team to examine Ai-Khanoum.[32] It was soon found to be the historical Alexandria on the Oxus, also possibly later named اروکرتیه or Eucratidia), one of the primary cities of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom.
The current governor of the Kunduz district is Nizamuddin Nasher Khan, considered to be the "last scion of a legendary Afghan dynasty" still living in Kunduz,[30][33] as members of the family are now mostly living in England, Germany, and the United States.
The most populer Afghan singer, Farhad Darya Nasher, is a grandson of Shir Khan.[24][34]
Notable Family Members
- Sher Khan Nashir Loe Khan (Grand Khan) founder of Spinzar Cotton Company and founding father of Kunduz
- Muhamad Nashir Khan (1890–1945), Governor of Badakhshan and Qataghan
- Gholam Serwar Nashir Khan (1922–1984), president of Spinzar Cotton Company
- Gholam Nabi Nashir Khan (1926–2010), parliamentarian
- Gholam Rabani Nashir Khan (1940–), member of the Loya Jirga
- Nizamulldin Nashir Khan (1960–), Governor of the Kunduz District
- Nadia Nashir Khanum (1955–), Philanthropist, founder of Afghanischer Frauenverein
- Farhad Darya Nashir Khan (1962–), singer and composer
- Jack Nashir Khan (1979-), business psychologist
Cities and places named after the Nashir
- Shir Khan Bandar, largest port of Afghanistan
- Qal`eh-ye Nashir
- Shir Khan High School, Kunduz
- Shir Khan Dry Port School, Northern Kunduz province
- Nashir Museum, Kunduz
Further reading
- Dupree, Louis: Afghanistan
- Emadi, Hafizullah: Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan. The British, Russian, and American Invasions
- Meher, Jagmohan: Afghanistan: Dynamics of Survival
- Runion, Meredith L.: The History of Afghanistan
- Tanwir, Halim M.: AFGHANISTAN: History, Diplomacy and Journalism
- An Introduction to the Commercial Law of Afghanistan, Second Edition, Afghanistan Legal Education Project (ALEP) at Stanford Law School
- http://www.royalark.net/Afghanistan/telai.htm
References
- ^ http://moci.gov.af/en/page/7760 http://www.khyber.org/tribes/info/Kharoti_a_Short_Note.shtml
- ^ a b http://www.unique-design.net/library/mythos.html
- ^ a b http://ishratturi.blogspot.de
- ^ a b c http://afghanembassy.com/viewtopic.asp?id=1331&t=Afghan%20Leaders%20Yearbook
- ^ a b c http://www.rkabuli.20m.com/index_2.html
- ^ a b c http://www.afghanistanexpat.com/afghan-history.htm
- ^ C.E. Bosworth, "Ghaznavids" in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition 2006
- ^ C.E. Bosworth, "Ghaznavids", in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition; Brill, Leiden; 2006/2007
- ^ Meher, Jagmohan: Afghanistan: Dynamics of Survival, p. 29 http://books.google.de/books?id=aTP1-nG0Us4C&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=Nasher+ghaznavid+-wiki&source=bl&ots=Q41fEws2D8&sig=KQ2vWjNVdev7DGscom4XoC_eUVQ&hl=de&sa=X&ei=jRcjVLa9BKfW7Qa6-4GQDg&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Nasher%20ghaznavid%20-wiki&f=false
- ^ International Business Publiction: Afghanistan. Country Studiy Guidy, Volume 1, Strategic Information and Developments, p. books.google.de/books?id=BXG8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=Nasher+ghaznavid+-wiki&source=bl&ots=ElT79ZcsBq&sig=gCrRgE_FzFzj67r5bZJ-m6_-dtM&hl=de&sa=X&ei=jRcjVLa9BKfW7Qa6-4GQDg&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Nasher%20ghaznavid%20-wiki&f=false
- ^ http://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=556&task=view&total=2916&start=857&Itemid=2
- ^ Gupta, Om: Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, p. 1444 books.google.de/books?id=5Gcj3LJDheYC&pg=PA1444&lpg=PA1444&dq=Nasher+ghaznavid+-wiki&source=bl&ots=oXsSWR5slr&sig=wEroi1TLFwe0R9T8ycOzDl8CzZQ&hl=de&sa=X&ei=jRcjVLa9BKfW7Qa6-4GQDg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Nasher%20ghaznavid%20-wiki&f=false
- ^ http://www.afghanland.com/history/leaders/leaders.html
- ^ Runion, Meredith L.: The History of Afghanistan, p. 63 http://books.google.de/books?id=aZk9XzqCFGUC&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=khan+nasher+leads+ghilzai+to+persia&source=bl&ots=jimuJkQ5kk&sig=ZG5THwD2qrFUDwxPgWu6MpUOoWs&hl=de&sa=X&ei=6SIXVPCOK8j4yQPxnIHwAQ&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=khan%20nasher%20leads%20ghilzai%20to%20persia&f=false
- ^ Personalities: An Examination of the Tribes and the Significant People of a Traditional Pashtun Province - Timothy S. Timmons and Rashid Hassanpoor (2007)
- ^ http://www.watan-afghanistan.de/unsereStaemme.html
- ^ Title The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers Peter Tomsen, PublicAffairs, 2011
- ^ Wörmer, Nils (2012). "The Networks of Kunduz: A History of Conflict and Their Actors, from 1992 to 2001" (PDF). Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. Afghanistan Analysts Network. p. 8
- ^ Grötzbach, Erwin: Afghanistan, eine geographische Landeskunde, Darmstadt 1990, p. 263
- ^ Emadi, Hafizullah: Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan. The British, Russian, and American Invasions http://books.google.de/books?id=JZ1gAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT60&lpg=PT60&dq=khan+nashir+afghanistan+-nasir&source=bl&ots=A_t5NviYgi&sig=IWPkWvEPkClw-qq2dq-_SdJJP3g&hl=de&sa=X&ei=1ZcWVOiHNebqyQPC9wE&ved=0CFQQ6AEwBw#v=snippet&q=nashir&f=false
- ^ Tanwir, Halim: AFGHANISTAN: History, Diplomacy and Journalism Volume 1 http://books.google.de/books?id=oyQDAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA253&lpg=PA253&dq=sarwar+nashir&source=bl&ots=yG3tGRsBM9&sig=4bvoE1pk2lRanKTb2BKAJrmmKUI&hl=de&sa=X&ei=b54WVPChG6PMyAP2uIDwBw&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=nashir&f=false
- ^ del Castill, Graciana: Guilty Party: The International Community in Afghanistan http://books.google.de/books?id=iBVwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT58&lpg=PT58&dq=nasher+kunduz&source=bl&ots=cMCkMY6kl6&sig=x_J3BLr9QeiEr_KaaS2UFNUxDn0&hl=de&sa=X&ei=TxUhVMWEGsPWaqzHgKAK&ved=0CF4Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=nasher%20kunduz&f=false
- ^ a b Roy, O.; Sfeir, A.; King, J (eds.): The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism, p. 130 http://books.google.de/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=sher+khan+high+school+kunduz+nasher&source=bl&ots=SrZITtV3Ge&sig=jq3a_dwK7ICIwjruZpqFPDZrnEc&hl=de&sa=X&ei=FWcZVLPyOub4yQP0l4CYBw&ved=0CFsQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=sher%20khan%20high%20school%20kunduz%20nasher&f=false
- ^ a b c http://www.barnesandnoble.com/enwiki/w/afghan-composers-books-llc/1027012611?ean=9781156384503
- ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/03/03/school-building-constructed-kunduz
- ^ http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft7b69p12h;chunk.id=s1.17.8;doc.view=print
- ^ Kakar, H.M.: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982, p. 307
- ^ http://moci.gov.af/en/page/7514/7523/7679
- ^ http://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=2436&task=view&total=2916&start=1234&Itemid=2
- ^ a b Reuter, Christoph: Power Plays in Afghanistan: Laying the Groundwork for Civil War, 49/2011 (Dec. 5, 2011) of DER SPIEGEL http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/power-plays-in-afghanistan-laying-the-groundwork-for-civil-war-a-801820-2.html
- ^ Killing the Cranes: A Reporter's Journey through Three Decades of War in ...von Edward Girardet, p. 183 http://books.google.de/books?id=OClphN8UbZUC&pg=PA183&lpg=PA183&dq=nasher+afghanistan+kgb&source=bl&ots=MxpS4BVr52&sig=u7Ui8JE_iRgcMWt-MavanUvR7w8&hl=de&sa=X&ei=WaEWVM3DLIL8ygPjyYLgAw&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=nasher%20afghanistan%20kgb&f=false
- ^ Bernard, Paul: Aï Khanoum en Afghanistan hier (1964-1978) et aujourd'hui (2001), p. 971 www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_2001_num_145_2_16315?_Prescripts_Search_tabs1=standard&
- ^ http://warincontext.org/2012/07/03/how-the-u-s-has-handed-control-of-afghanistan-to-lawless-militias/
- ^ http://www.farhaddarya.info/biography_english.html