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Rewari

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This article is about the municipality in India. For its namesake district, see Rewari district. For the constituency, see Rewari (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

Rewari
रेवाड़ी
city
Rewari Town Hall
Rewari Town Hall
Country India
StateHaryana
DistrictRewari
Elevation
245 m (804 ft)
Population
 (2011/3/1)
 • Total
143,021
 • Density483/km2 (1,250/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialHindi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
123401
Telephone code01274
Sex ratio899 ♂/♀
Websiterewari.nic.in

Rewari (Template:Lang-hi) is a city and a Municipal Council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana 82 km (51 mi)[1] from old Delhi and 51 km (32 mi) from Gurgaon.

History

Rewari was founded by Nand Ram, an Ahir.[2]

A small Ahir principality was established there in the early century and ruled over the surrounding Ahirwal area.[3][4][5][6][7]

Medieval

Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, who belonged to Rewari, and became the Emperor of North India 1n 1556

Hemu, also called Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, who had acceeded to the throne of Delhi after defeating the Mughal king Akbar on 7 October 1556 belonged to Rewari. Hemu who was the last Hindu emperor of India, was educated and brought up in Rewari. In between 1553 and 1556, Hemu had fought and won 22 battles in a row across India from Punjab to Bengal before establishing the "Hindu Raj" in Delhi from Purana Quila after his formal coronation. His Haveli (house) still stands in the Qutabpur area of the city.[8] He developed the cannon industry in Rewari, laying the foundation of a metalwork industry in brass, copper sheets and utensils manufacture for which Rewari is still known.[8]

Modern

Delhi Gate, one of the four historic British period gates in Rewari

Rewari formed a part of the Gurgaon district of Haryana, in which it was placed by the administrators of the British Raj following the unsuccessful Indian Rebellion of 1857, in which a local leader, Rao Tula Ram, played a significant role. It remained a part of Gurgaon district until reorganisation in 1972 saw it transferred to Mahendragarh district. Further changes, in 1989, led to the creation of the eponymous Rewari district.[9]

Geography

Location

Rewari, which forms a part of the National Capital Region,[10] is adjacent to Rajasthan and, therefore, has dust storms in summer. Rugged hilly terrain of Aravali ranges as well as sandy dunes in the district affect the city's climate.[11]

Climate

Rewari has a dry, semi-arid climate. The mean minimum and maximum temperature range from 6 °C to 41 °C during January (winter) and May–June (summer) respectively. The summer temperature can go up to 46 °C from May to July. Winter is from November to February and the temperature can fall to 2 °C in December and January.[1][11] The temperature was recorded as 0 °C on 12 January 2012 and 31 January 2012.[12]

Rain falls from July to September. A little rain is experienced during winter also. Average annual rainfall in Rewari city is 553 millimetres (21.8 in).[11] Rain-fed Sahibi River that originates in Rajasthan passes through Rewari and falls in Najafgarh lake in Delhi. Extremely heavy rains in 1978 flooded Sahibi (and Rewari) which in turn flooded Delhi. A barrage was then constructed at Masani village on junction of NH8 and NH71B to impound the water coming from Rajasthan. However, the barrage has hardly collected any water as the rains have not been heavy for the last 30 years and Rajasthan has built check-dams upstream on Sahibi.[citation needed] A canal has been constructed in 2009 to carry excess rain water to the barrage to recharge the ground drinking water for Rewari town. The canal takes off from the existing canal near the Kendriya Vidyalaya, Rewari.[citation needed]

Demographics

As of 2011,[13] Rewari city had a population of 140,864 (compared to 100,946 in 2001 and 75,342 in 1991) showing 40% growth in 2001-11 decade against 34% growth in 1991-2001 decade. Males constituted 53% and females 47% of the population. The overall sex ratio (female:male) was 886 compared to national average 940, and in the 0 to 6 year age group was 785 compared to national average 918. Rewari had an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 64.3% for entire population and 74.0% for population excluding 0 to 6 year age group in 2011.[14] Male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 73% (compared to 79% and 67% respectively in 2001). In Rewari, 11.3% of the population is under six years of age.[13][15]

Rezang La battle of 1962

Rezang La was the site of the last stand of the 13 Kumaon, an all-Ahir company, during the Sino-Indian War in 1962.[16] The company led by Major Shaitan Singh, who won a posthumous Param Vir Chakra for his actions. From the Indian point of view, Rezang La had the drawback that an intervening feature blocked artillery operation, so that the Indian infantry had to do without artillery cover.

In this action on 18 November 1962, 114 Indian soldiers out of a total of 123 were killed. Almost all of them were from Rewari. A memorial in Rewari, where most of the Ahir soldiers came from, states that 1700 Chinese soldiers were killed in the battle.[17] A memorial was constructed near Dharuhera Chowk in Rewari city by Rezangla Shaurya Samiti. Every year, memorial functions are held by the Samiti in collaboration with district administration and the Kumaon Regiment, and family members of those who died at Rezangla also take part.

Transport

Air

The nearest airport is Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, 75 km away.

Railway

Main article: Rewari railway junction
Rewari Railway Station

Rewari was first connected by a railway line in 1873 when the first metre gauge railway track in India was opened. This track was laid between Delhi and Rewari.[18] The gauge was converted to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge in 1995 for one of the tracks under Project Unigauge.[19] This allowed metre gauge trains from Rajasthan to continue up to Delhi Sarai Rohilla on the remaining track. The second track from Rewari to Delhi was converted to broad gauge in 2007[20][21] as all the metre gauge tracks from Rewari to cities in Rajasthan had been converted to broad gauge by then.[citation needed] Thus all the railway tracks from Rewari have been converted to broad gauge obviating the need for change of trains at gauge-change stations such as Delhi and Ahmedabad.[22]

Rewari is a major junction on the Indian railway network and has connections to major cities in India by direct trains. Six railway lines branch out from it to Delhi, Ajmer via Ringas, Ajmer via Alwar, Loharu, Hisar and Rohtak. The latest sixth line to Jhajjar and Rohtak was constructed in 2008-12 and commissioned in January 2013. A seventh line is being laid from Rewari to Pirthala near Palwal to carry freight (goods) trains.

There are plans to electrify the Rewari-Delhi railway line.[23]


Road

Rewari is connected by three national highways: NH8 (Delhi-Jaipur-Mumbai), NH71 (Jalandhar-Rohtak-Jhajjar-Rewari) and NH71B (Rewari-Dharuhera-Sohna-Palwal). State highways connect Rewari to all major towns in Haryana and adjacent districts of Rajasthan.

  • SH-24 Rewari-Dahina-Kanina-Mahendragarh-Satnali-Loharu 92 km.
  • SH-26 Gurgaon-Pataudi-Rewari-Narnaul-Singhana 120 km.
  • SH-15 Shahjahanpur-Rewari 21 km.

Tourism

Rewari Heritage Steam Locomotive Museum

Rewari Railway Heritage Museum

Rewari Heritage Steam Locomotive Museum is the only surviving steam loco shed in India and houses some of India's last surviving steam locomotives. Built in 1893, it was the only loco shed in North India for a long time and a part of the track connecting Delhi with Peshawar.[24] After steam engines were phased out by 1990, the loco shed remained in neglect for many years before it was decided by Indian Railways in December 2002 to revive it as a heritage museum.[25] The shed was refurbished as a heritage tourism destination, its heritage edifice was restored and a museum exhibiting Victorian-era artefacts used on the Indian rail network, along with the old signalling system, gramophones and seats was added. The refurbished heritage museum was opened in October 2010. The engines are also available for live demonstrations.[24][26][27]

Education

Govt. School for Boys, Rewari, established in 1890. One of the oldest schools in Haryana

Rewari has three degree colleges, two B.Ed. colleges, thirteen secondary / higher secondary schools, one industrial training institute and one footwear training institute. Government Higher Secondary School was started in the year 1887. Hindu High School was started by the Bhargava community by Mr. Chunnilal Bhargava (Father of Mr. Ishwar Nath Bhargava) in 1890 in the building now known as Bhargava Boarding House located near Bharawas Gate. The nearest college was in the nearby princely state of Alwar until independence. Ahir College was set up in 1945 by Rao Balbir Singh, a descendant of Rao Tula Ram. Kishanlal Public College is another educational institute. Shishu Shala was the first English school, established in 1950 in Model Town.[citation needed]

A Kendriya Vidyalaya (Central School) has existed in Rewari since 1980. A Sainik School is started in the year 2009. It is temporarily housed in Rewari city awaiting completion of construction of its permanent campus at village Pali-Gothra, west of the city.

The Meerpur centre of Rohtak University was upgraded to a separate university in September 2013.

Several private colleges have been set up around Rewari in the last decade to teach engineering, management, law, and nursing though the quality of education in some of them is low as in the rest of the country.[28]

Healthcare

Rewari city has a civil hospital run by the civil administration. It has fifty beds and the capacity has been planned to increase to one hundred beds.[29] It also has a trauma centre[30] for attending to accidents on highways.[31] Indian Railways has a hospital with 20 beds near Rewari railway station.[32] Rewari also has a number of private hospitals and nursing homes.[33]

Industry

Rewari town has a variety of industries, from cottage industries to small-scale integrated units. The traditional industries are brass metalwork and ornamental shoes (Tilledar Jooti) (The Hindi word jooti means a kind of low-rise shoe without laces. It does not cover ankles.) Rewari has kept the traditional art of Tilledar Jooti alive and is famous for such ornamental local shoes.the harley davidson industry in bawal come under rewari district.

Rewari metal work

Main article: Rewari metal work

Rewari is famous for its traditional metalwork, particularly brass work. The brass industry began around 1535, with the help of Portuguese.[citation needed] During the time of Hemu, cannons were cast in Rewari for the army of Sher Shah Suri.[8]

Notable people

Delhi-Mumbai industrial corridor

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project is a mega infra-structural project of USD 90 billion with the financial and technical aids from Japan, covering an overall length of 1,483 km between the political capital and the business capital of India, i.e., Delhi and Mumbai.[34] It will initially link Rewari to Mumbai. Furtherance of the project led to violent incidents in July 2012 when farmers protested against the land acquisition process. In consequence, the government of Haryana instituted a judicial probe into the events and placed a moratorium on the process.[35]

References

  1. ^ a b Rewari.nic.in
  2. ^ Phadke, H. A. (1990). Haryana: Ancient and Medieval. Harman Publishing House. p. 173. ISBN 9788185151342.
  3. ^ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India. C. Hurst & Co. p. 189. ISBN 9781850653981.
  4. ^ Haynes, Edward S. (1978). "Imperial Impact on Rajputana: The Case of Alwar, 1775-1850". Modern Asian Studies. 12 (3). Cambridge University Press: 423–424. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00006223. JSTOR 312228. (subscription required)
  5. ^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=FP_MWtoPIcoC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=ahir+kingdom+of+rewari&source=bl&ots=4XGiU6y6FD&sig=Aq-cjvR2thV6zIt9jPatJoCjz4g&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kNXDUcPdMorkrAfMuIDQDA&ved=0CFEQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=ahir%20kingdom%20of%20rewari&f=false
  6. ^ http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1964_16/35/caste_and_the_indian_army.pdf
  7. ^ http://www.ijrsr.com/September2012/7.pdf
  8. ^ a b c http://www.rewari.nic.in
  9. ^ District History
  10. ^ http://www.ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/rp_2021.pdf
  11. ^ a b c http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Haryana/Rewari.pdf
  12. ^ संशो-आगे के लिए : फिर 'शून्य' पर पहुचा पारा
  13. ^ a b "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  14. ^ Census of India : Provisional Population Totals : India :Census 2011
  15. ^ View Population
  16. ^ Don’t forget the heroes of Rezang La
  17. ^ ‘Nobody believed we had killed so many Chinese at Rezang La. Our commander called me crazy and warned that I could be court-martialled’
  18. ^ http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html%7C World's first commercial MG service runs from Delhi to Rewari
  19. ^ [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Part 5
  20. ^ Press Information Bureau English Releases
  21. ^ "Delhi-Haryana rail link gets better". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 8 October 2007.
  22. ^ "World's oldest commercial meter gauge is history". The Times Of India.
  23. ^ http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/planning/downloads/vision_2020_blue_050411.pdf
  24. ^ a b Ghosh, Dwaipayan (10 August 2010). "Eye on Games, black beauties gather steam". The Times of India. India.
  25. ^ "National Conference on Steam Heritage Tourism inaugurated". Ministry of Railways. 2 December 2002.
  26. ^ "Gathering steam". The Indian Express. India. 4 April 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  27. ^ Rewaristeamloco.com
  28. ^ Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. "PM's address at the 150th Anniversary Function of University of Mumbai". Retrieved 18 November 2011.
  29. ^ http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040111/ncr1.htm%7C Upgradation of Rewari hospital
  30. ^ http://www.haryanapwd-bandr.org/Building%20Report-October%202010.pdf
  31. ^ Minister of Health and Family Welfare answers questions in Parliament. "Rs.15 million spent on upgradation and strengthening of Trauma Care Centre at Government Hospital, Rewari". Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  32. ^ Health:Directorate
  33. ^ http://www.rewari.gov.in/dPlan1.pdf%7C paragraph 1.18
  34. ^ Delhimumbaiindustrialcorridor.com
  35. ^ Sura, Ajay (26 July 2012). "Rewari violence: Haryana orders judicial probe, halts land acquisition process". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 August 2012.

Template:Villages of Rewari District

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