Jump to content

Android version history

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 80.103.68.85 (talk) at 06:06, 12 January 2015 (Undid revision 641775832 by Dsimic (talk) The same can be said of bugfixes. We can not keep all the bugfixes. The question here is if we keep bug (fixes and introductions) or not.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Global Android version distribution since December 2009. As of December 2014, Android 4.4 "KitKat" is the most widely used Android version, operating on 33.9% of Android devices worldwide. At the same time, all Android "Jelly Bean" versions (4.1–4.3.1) combined are on 48.7% of Android devices worldwide.

The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the release of the Android beta in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. Android is under ongoing development by Google and the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since its initial release.

Since April 2009, Android versions have been developed under a confectionery-themed code name and released in alphabetical order; the exceptions are versions 1.0 and 1.1 as they were not released under specific code names:

  • Alpha (1.0)
  • Beta (1.1)
  • Cupcake (1.5)
  • Donut (1.6)
  • Eclair (2.0–2.1)
  • Froyo (2.2–2.2.3)
  • Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7)
  • Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6)
  • Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4)
  • Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1)
  • KitKat (4.4–4.4.4)
  • Lollipop (5.0–5.0.2)

On September 3, 2013, Google announced that one billion activated devices now use the Android OS worldwide.[1] The most recent major Android update was Lollipop 5.0, which was released on November 3, 2014 along with the Nexus 6 smartphone, Nexus 9 tablet, and Nexus Player set-top box.

Pre-commercial release versions (2007–2008)

Alpha

There were at least two internal releases inside Google and the OHA before the Beta was released in November 2007. For the milestones in internal releases, names of fictional robots were chosen, with various releases code-named "Astro Boy", "Bender" and "R2-D2".[2][3][4] Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos, but the current green Android logo was designed by Irina Blok.[5] The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived of the confections naming scheme that has been used for the majority of the public releases, starting with Android 1.5.

Beta

The Beta was released on November 5, 2007,[6][7] while the software development kit (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.[8] The November 5 date is popularly celebrated as Android's "birthday".[9] Public beta versions of the SDK were released in the following order:

  • November 16, 2007: m3-rc22a[10]
  • December 14, 2007: m3-rc37a[11]
  • February 13, 2008: m5-rc14[12]
  • March 3, 2008: m5-rc15[13]
  • August 18, 2008: 0.9[14]
  • September 23, 2008: 1.0-r1[15]

Version history by API level

The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming interface (API) levels.

Android 5.0 Lollipop (API level 21)

Android 5.0 Lollipop (API level 21)
Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014 during Google I/O, and became available as official over-the-air (OTA) updates on November 12, 2014 for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including Nexus and Google Play edition devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.[153][154]

Lollipop brings a redesigned user interface built around a responsive design language referred to as "material design". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Google also made internal changes to the platform, with the Android Runtime (ART) officially replacing Dalvik for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as Project Volta.[155][156][157][158]

Version Release date Features Image(s)
5.0[159] November 12, 2014[160]
  • Android Runtime (ART) with ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation and improved garbage collection (GC), replacing Dalvik that uses just-in-time (JIT) compilation[159]
  • Support for 64-bit CPUs
  • OpenGL ES 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations
  • Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application
  • Vector drawables, which scale without losing definition
  • Support for print previews
  • Material design style, bringing improvements to user interface
  • Refreshed lock screen
  • Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down
  • Project Volta, for battery life improvements
  • Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings
  • Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings[161]
  • Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.[162]
  • Audio input and output through USB devices
  • Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on SD cards.[163][164]
  • Pinning of an application's screen for restricted user activity.[161]
  • Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.[161]
  • WebViews receive updates independently through Google Play for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates[165]
  • Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu[166]
  • Tap and Go allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.[161]
  • A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.[161]
  • User-customizable priorities for application notifications[167]
  • A few new bugs, including introducing a memory leak that makes devices with less than 2GB of RAM lose stability.[168]
 File:Android L Develpment Preview.png
Android 5.0 Developer Preview
5.0.1 December 2, 2014[169]
  • A few bugfixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling
5.0.2 December 19, 2014[170]
  • Fixes a bug with TRIM support, which prevented devices from the nightly on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off while being charged, or if it was charged during the day
  • Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources[171]

Hardware requirements

See also: Android § Hardware

The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture, with x86 and MIPS architectures also officially supported. Both 64-bit and 32-bit variants of all three architectures are supported since the release of Android 5.0;[172] unofficial Android-x86 project had provided support for the x86 and MIPS architectures ahead of the official support.[173][174] Since 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including phones[175] and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on ARM64.

Minimum hardware requirements have been upgraded in steps over time, with the new Android version releases. Original minimums were 32 MB of RAM (but less than 128 MB was not recommended,[176] with first phone HTC Dream ("flagship") phone using 192 MB), 32 MB of Flash memory, and a 200 MHz ARM architecture (ARMv5) processor.[177][178] As of November 2013 and Android version 4.4, builds for ARM-based devices require an ARMv7 processor (Android 5.0 also supports ARMv8-A), while recommended minimum amount of RAM is 512 MB.[126] The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android 4.4 is 340 MB (this amount does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as the baseband processor), and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.[127]

As of October 2011 and Android 4.0, a graphics processing unit (GPU) that supports OpenGL ES 2.0 (and ES 1.0) hardware acceleration is mandatory,[179] regardless of whether applications directly use the OpenGL ES or not. Later, Android 4.3 added support for OpenGL ES 3.0; if used, support for both older versions (ES 2.0 and 1.0) is still mandatory.[179]

In addition to running directly on x86-based hardware, Android can also be run on x86 architecture by using an Android emulator which is part of the Android SDK, or by using BlueStacks or Andy.[180][181]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Android device activation numbers reach 1 billion worldwide". Phandroid.com. September 3, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  2. ^ "A History of Pre-Cupcake Android Codenames". Android Police. September 17, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
  3. ^ "Dianne Hackborn". Google+. September 1, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  4. ^ "Dan Morrill". Google+. January 2, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  5. ^ Breeze, Mez. "The designer behind the logo". TheNextWeb.com. TNW. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  6. ^ "Google Launches Android, an Open Mobile Platform". Google Operating System. November 5, 2007.
  7. ^ "Live Google's gPhone Open handset alliance conference call" (transcript). Gizmodo. November 5, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
  8. ^ "Google releases Android SDK". Macworld. November 12, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
  9. ^ "Android's 5th Birthday Celebration: European Best-of-Best Hackathon Series". Devfest.info. October 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  10. ^ "Android: the first week". Android Developers Blog. November 16, 2007. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  11. ^ "Life can be tough; here are a few SDK improvements to make it a little easier". Android Developers Blog. December 14, 2007. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  12. ^ "Android SDK m5-rc14 now available". Android Developers Blog. February 13, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  13. ^ "Android SDK update: m5-rc15 released". Android Developers Blog. March 3, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  14. ^ "Announcing a beta release of the Android SDK". Android Developers Blog. August 18, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  15. ^ "Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1". Android Developers Blog. September 23, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  16. ^ Morrill, Dan (September 23, 2008). "Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1". Android Developers Blog. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  17. ^ "T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 – the First Phone Powered by Android". T-Mobile. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
  18. ^ a b Topolsky, Joshua (October 16, 2008). "T-Mobile G1 review, part 2: software and wrap-up". Engadget. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  19. ^ a b c d e "Release features – Android 1.0". Google. 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
  20. ^ a b c Segan, Sascha (October 16, 2008). "T-Mobile G1 (Google Android Phone)". PC Magazine. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  21. ^ LaCouvee, Darcy (October 17, 2008). "Folders on the Android desktop, and how to rename them". Android Authority. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  22. ^ "Status Bar Notifications". Android Developers. May 24, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  23. ^ "What is Android?". TechPluto.com. September 18, 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  24. ^ "Android Platform Overview". Android.com. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  25. ^ "Android 1.1 Version Notes". Android Developers. February 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  26. ^ a b Ducrohet, Xavier (April 27, 2009). "Android 1.5 is here!". Android Developers Blog. Archived from the original on September 25, 2009. Retrieved September 3, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ Rob, Jackson (April 30, 2009). "CONFIRMED: Official Cupcake Update Underway for T-Mobile G1 USA & UK!". Phandroid. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
  28. ^ "Android 1.5 Platform Highlights". Android Developers. April 2009. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
  29. ^ "App Widgets". Android Developers. 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
  30. ^ a b "Android 1.6 Platform Highlights". Android Developers. September 2009. Archived from the original on September 27, 2009. Retrieved October 1, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ a b Ducrohet, Xavier (September 15, 2009). "Android 1.6 SDK is here". Android Developers Blog. Archived from the original on September 25, 2009. Retrieved October 1, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ Ryan, Paul (October 1, 2009). "Google releases Android 1.6; Palm unleashes WebOS 1.2". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on October 2, 2009. Retrieved October 1, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "Android 2.0, Release 1". Android Developers. Archived from the original on October 28, 2009. Retrieved October 27, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "Android 2.0 Platform Highlights". Android Developers. Archived from the original on October 29, 2009. Retrieved October 27, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ "Android 2.0 API Changes Summary". Archived from the original on January 24, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Android 2.0.1, Release 1 SDK". Android Developers. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ "Android 2.1, Release 1". Android Developers. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Ducrohet, Xavier (May 20, 2010). "Android 2.2 and developers goodies". Google. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  39. ^ a b "Unofficially Confirmed Froyo Features, Post-Day-1 Of Google I/O". Android Police. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  40. ^ "Nexus One Is Running Android 2.2 Froyo. How Fast Is It Compared To 2.1? Oh, Only About 450% Faster". Android Police. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  41. ^ Sorrel, Charlie (May 13, 2010). "Android 2.2 'Froyo' Features USB, Wi-Fi Tethering". Wired. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
  42. ^ "Browser support for file upload field is coming in Froyo". code.google.com. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  43. ^ Stone, Brad (April 27, 2010). "Google's Andy Rubin on Everything Android". New York Times. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved May 20, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ a b "Supporting Multiple Screens: Range of screens supported". Android Developers. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
  45. ^ Hollister, Sean (January 22, 2011). "Nexus One gets tiny update to Android 2.2.2, fixes SMS routing issues". Engadget. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
  46. ^ "Android 2.2.3 source tag". Google. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  47. ^ a b "Android 2.3 Platform Highlights". Android Developers Blog. December 6, 2010. Archived from the original on December 10, 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  48. ^ a b Ducrohet, Xavier (December 6, 2010). "Android 2.3 Platform and Updated SDK Tools". Android Developers Blog. Archived from the original on December 27, 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  49. ^ Ts'o, Theodore (December 12, 2010). "Android will be using ext4 starting with Gingerbread". Linux Foundation. Archived from the original on May 28, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ Tim Bray (December 19, 2010). "Saving Data Safely". Android Developers Blog. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  51. ^ "Android 2.3.3 Platform". Android Developers. 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
  52. ^ "Android 2.3.4 source tag". Google. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  53. ^ "Video Chat on Your Android Phone". Google Mobile Blog. April 28, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  54. ^ "Open Accessory Library 2.3.4". Android Developers. Retrieved August 3, 2012.
  55. ^ Sarkar, Abhijoy (October 14, 2013). "Is it Java that weakened Android's SSL security?". Muktware. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  56. ^ "Why Android SSL was downgraded from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5 in late 2010". op-co.de. October 15, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  57. ^ Arghire, Ionut. "Android 2.3.5 Arrives on Galaxy S in the UK". Softpedia.com. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
  58. ^ Stephen Schenck (September 2, 2011). "Nexus S Ushers-In Android 2.3.6, But Does It Fix Or Cause Bugs?". pocketnow. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  59. ^ Ali Waqas (September 28, 2011). "Android 2.3.6 Gingerbread Update For Nexus S Available (Wi-Fi And Tethering Fix)". Addictive Tips. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
  60. ^ Anton D. Nagy (September 27, 2011). "Google Samsung Nexus S Gets Android 2.3.6 Update". PocketNow. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
  61. ^ a b "Android 3.0 Platform Highlights". Android Developers. Archived from the original on February 16, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  62. ^ Rubin, Andy (January 5, 2011). "A Sneak Peek of Android 3.0, Honeycomb". Google Mobile Blog. Archived from the original on January 8, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  63. ^ a b Xavier Ducrohet (February 22, 2011). "Final Android 3.0 Platform and Updated SDK Tools". Android Developers Blog. Archived from the original on March 5, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ Mithun Chandrasekhar (February 2, 2011). "Google's Android Event Analysis". AnandTech. Retrieved February 5, 2011. I confirmed this with Google; Honeycomb, at least in the current form, will not be coming to non-tablet devices.
  65. ^ Nilay Patel (January 26, 2011). "Motorola Atrix 4G and Xoom tablet launching at the end of February, Droid Bionic and LTE Xoom in Q2". Engadget. Retrieved February 5, 2011.
  66. ^ a b Ho, Joshua. "Examining MicroSD changes in Android 4.4". Anandtech. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
  67. ^ "External Blues: Google Has Brought Big Changes To SD Cards In KitKat, And Even Samsung Is Implementing Them". Android Police. February 17, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  68. ^ Ducrohet, Xavier (May 10, 2011). "Android 3.1 Platform, New SDK tools". Android Developers Blog. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  69. ^ a b "Android Supported Media Formats". Android Developers. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  70. ^ "Issue 1461 – Android – FLAC file support enhancement request". Code.google.com. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
  71. ^ "Google TV goes Android 3.2, next up Ice Cream Sandwich". GigaOM. February 2, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  72. ^ Ducrohet, Xavier (July 15, 2011). "Android 3.2 Platform and Updated SDK tools". Android Developers Blog. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
  73. ^ "Supporting Multiple Screens: Declaring Tablet Layouts for Android 3.2". Android Developers. 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
  74. ^ Maroger. "Ice Cream Sandwich Runs on Linux Kernel 3.0.1". Blogspot – Fine Oils. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  75. ^ Rey, Francis (October 19, 2011). "Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SDK Now Available". Social Barrel. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  76. ^ Stevens, Tim (October 19, 2011). "Google confirms Nexus S will get Ice Cream Sandwich – for real this time (Gingerbread devices, too)". Engadget. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  77. ^ Messina, Vincent (November 15, 2011). "Ice Cream Sandwich source code released, custom ROMs inevitable". AndroidGuys. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  78. ^ "Today Is The Last Day To Get Flash For Android". WebProNews. August 14, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
  79. ^ a b Molen, Brad (October 19, 2011). "Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich now official, includes revamped design, enhancements galore". Engadget. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
  80. ^ German, Kent (October 18, 2011). "Ice Cream Sandwich adds tons of new features". CNET. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  81. ^ Velazco, Chris (October 18, 2011). "A Quick Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Feature Rundown". Tech Crunch. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  82. ^ Fitzpatrick, Jason. "What Exactly Happens When You Swipe An Android App From the Recent Apps List?". How-To Geek. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
  83. ^ Kennemer, Quentyn (October 19, 2011). "Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich has Hardware Acceleration". Phandroid. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
  84. ^ "Wi-Fi Direct". Android Developers. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  85. ^ "Verizon's 4G LTE Galaxy Nexus Gets Pictured, Receives Android 4.0.2 Update". DroidLife. November 28, 2011. Retrieved December 8, 2011.
  86. ^ "Within 2 Hours of Activation, Your Galaxy Nexus Will Receive an Update". DroidLife. December 15, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
  87. ^ "Android 4.0.3 Platform and Updated SDK tools". Android Developers Blog. December 16, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
  88. ^ "Android 4.0.3 announced, bringing 'variety of optimizations and bug fixes' to phones and tablets". Engadget. December 16, 2011. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
  89. ^ "Google announces Android 4.0.4". The Inquirer. March 29, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  90. ^ Google announces 4.0.4 on Google+. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  91. ^ a b c d "Android 4.1 for Developers". Android Developers. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
  92. ^ Queru, Jean-Baptiste. "Android 4.1 in AOSP". Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  93. ^ "Confirmed: Android 4.1 uses different layouts for different tablet sizes". ComputerWorld. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  94. ^ "Issue 3461: Implement Gapless Playback of consecutive audio files". code.google.com. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  95. ^ "Android 4.1 finally adds gapless music playback to stock music apps". Pocketables.com. June 29, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.
  96. ^ "Android 4.1.1 Nexus 7 Update". GSMArena.com. July 11, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  97. ^ "Android 4.1.2 rolling out for Nexus 7". The Verge. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
  98. ^ "Android 4.1.2 brings homescreen rotation to devices". GigaOM. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
  99. ^ "New Feature In Android 4.1.2: Expanding/Collapsing Notifications With One Finger (Video)". Android Police. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
  100. ^ "Monday's Google event in NYC canceled due to Hurricane Sandy". Android Central. October 27, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  101. ^ "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean lands on Nexus 7". Know Your Mobile. November 14, 2012.
  102. ^ "Google Releases Nexus 4, Nexus 10 and Android 4.2". IGN. November 13, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  103. ^ "Android 4.2 adds gestue typing, wireless TV display, multiple user support on tablets, and more". The Verge. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  104. ^ "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean brings all-new photography powers". TechRadar.com. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  105. ^ a b Brian Klug. "AnandTech - The Next Version of Android - Some of What's Coming". Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  106. ^ "Jelly Bean". Android developer portal. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  107. ^ "Exclusive Android 4.2 Alpha Teardown, Part 2: SELinux, VPN Lockdown, And Premium SMS Confirmation". Android Police. October 17, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  108. ^ "(Changelog) What's New In Android 4.2.1 (JOP40D)". Android Police. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  109. ^ "Sorry, Santa – Google Cancels December In Android 4.2". Android Police. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  110. ^ "Breaking: Android 4.2.2 (Build JDQ39) Update Rolling Out To GSM Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7, Nexus 10". Android Police. February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
  111. ^ "Android 4.2.2 brings Bluetooth audio fixes to Nexus phones and tablets". Ars Technica. February 12, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
  112. ^ "Google Announces Android 4.3, Update Rolling Out Today". Tom's Hardware. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
  113. ^ "Android Open Source Project now has latest 4.3 fixes for most Nexus hardware". Engadget. August 22, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
  114. ^ "Android 4.3 announced, rolling out to Nexus devices today". The Verge. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  115. ^ a b c d e Introducing Android 4.3, a sweeter Jelly Bean. Official Android Blog. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  116. ^ "Android 4.3 supports TRIM, improves performance on Nexus devices". Engadget. July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  117. ^ "Another Android 4.3 Change: Photo Spheres Look A Lot Better Now". Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
  118. ^ "Android 4.3 And Updated Camera UI Spotted On A Nexus 4 At Thailand Mobile Expo". Android Police. May 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  119. ^ "App Ops: Android 4.3's Hidden App Permission Manager, Control Permissions For Individual Apps!". Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  120. ^ "Android 4.3 source code reveals support for 4K resolution". Engadget. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  121. ^ "An In-Depth Look At The Big (And Small) Additions To Android Jelly Bean 4.3". Android Police. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
  122. ^ "Suddenly, A Wild Android 4.3.1 Appears – LTE Nexus 7 Receiving Android 4.3.1 OTA (JLS36I)". Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  123. ^ "Factory Image And Binaries Are Now Available For The Nexus 7 LTE Android 4.3.1 Update (JLS36I)". Android Police. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  124. ^ Kelion, Leo (September 3, 2013). "Android KitKat announced". BBC News. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
  125. ^ "Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie release date, news and rumors". TechRadar. July 2, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
  126. ^ a b c d e f g Molen, Brad (November 5, 2013). "Engadget review the Nexus 5". Engadget. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
  127. ^ a b "7.6.1". Android Compatibility Definition Document (PDF) (4.4 ed.). Google. November 27, 2013. p. 33.
  128. ^ "Android for all and the new Nexus 5 ". Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  129. ^ "Android KitKat". Android Developers Portal. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  130. ^ Bonn, Dieter (October 31, 2013). "Google's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349: hands-on impressions". The Verge. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  131. ^ David Ruddock (October 31, 2013). "KitKat Feature Spotlight: Apps Can Now Go Truly Full-Screen, Hide The Navigation Bar". androidpolice.com. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  132. ^ "Android menu button now on by default on all device with KitKat". PhoneArena.com. December 9, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
  133. ^ "Getting Your SMS Apps Ready for KitKat". Android Developers Blog. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  134. ^ "Android 4.4 brings support for low-power audio playback". PhoneArena.com. October 31, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  135. ^ Jason Cipriani (November 5, 2013). "How to record your screen on Android 4.4 KitKat". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
  136. ^ "Introducing ART". android.com. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  137. ^ "KitKat Feature Spotlight: Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less". Android Police. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  138. ^ "Android Issue 61975: Undo removal of access to BATTERY_STATS permission for apps". Code.google.com. November 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
  139. ^ "Android Issue 61834: 4.4 KitKat reception/Wifi indicators no longer show data rx/tx during operation". Code.google.com. November 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  140. ^ "Android Issue 62378: KitKat WebView text wrap no longer works". Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  141. ^ Official Nexus Google+ page (December 5, 2013). "Android 4.4.1 Released to Nexus 5". Google Plus. Retrieved December 5, 2013. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  142. ^ Christopher Trout (December 5, 2013). "Android update focuses on Nexus 5 camera improvements". Engadget. Retrieved December 5, 2013.
  143. ^ David Pierce (December 5, 2013). "Fixing the Nexus 5: with a new version of Android, Google tackles the camera". theverge.com. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  144. ^ Artem Russakovskii (December 9, 2013). "Android 4.4.2 (KOT49H) Is Already Rolling Out To All Nexus Devices – Here Are The OTA ZIP Links For Manual Updating". Android Police. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  145. ^ Peter Eckersley (December 12, 2013). "Google Removes Vital Privacy Feature From Android, Claiming Its Release Was Accidental". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
  146. ^ Ron Amadeo (June 2, 2014). "Google releases Android 4.4.3 to Nexus devices". Ars Technica. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  147. ^ Kellex (June 2, 2014). "Fresh New Dialer Arrives in Android 4.4.3". Droid Life. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  148. ^ Android Developers (June 3, 2014). "Android 4.4.3 aka KitKat MR2 is rolling out - Google+". Android Developers (Google+). Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  149. ^ Kellex (June 19, 2014). "Whoa: Android 4.4.4 Factory Images Posted as Build KTU84P". Droid Life. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  150. ^ Ryan Whitwam (June 19, 2014). "Google Rolling Out Android 4.4.4 Update (KTU84P) With A Security Fix, Factory Images/Binaries Up For Nexus Devices". androidpolice.com. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  151. ^ Rob, Triggs. "Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP". Android Authority. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  152. ^ a b "Android 4.4w officially confirmed by Google". Google Developers. Retrieved July 22, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  153. ^ "From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O". PC World. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  154. ^ "Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days". PhoneArena. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
  155. ^ "Google's new 'Material Design' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web". Engadget. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  156. ^ "We just played with Android's L Developer Preview". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  157. ^ "Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO". Anandtech. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  158. ^ Andrei Frumusanu (July 1, 2014). "A Closer Look at Android RunTime (ART) in Android L". AnandTech. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  159. ^ a b "Android 5.0 APIs". Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  160. ^ "Android: Be together. Not the same". Official Google Blog. October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  161. ^ a b c d e "Android 5.0 Lollipop's new features". indiatimes.com. November 27, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  162. ^ "Lollipop brings proper multi-user accounts to your phone". Android Central.
  163. ^ "Android 5.0 Makes SD Cards Great Again, Extends API To Allow Full Directory Access, Automatic MediaStore, And Improves Security". Android Police. November 4, 2014. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
  164. ^ "Root Explorer 3.3 Update Adds SD Card Write Capability Without Root In Lollipop". Android Police. November 27, 2014. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
  165. ^ "Lollipop stops Chromium bugs from endangering Android". ZDNet. October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  166. ^ "Android - 5.0 Lollipop". November 3, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2014.
  167. ^ Jason Cipriani (November 3, 2014). "Set up 'Priority' mode on Android 5.0 Lollipop". CNET. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  168. ^ Android’s next update will reportedly fix Lollipop’s memory leak
  169. ^ Liam Spradlin (December 2, 2014). "Android 5.0.1 (LRX22C) Hitting AOSP Now [Update: Factory Images Too]". Android Police. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  170. ^ "Factory Images for Nexus - Android". developers.google.com.
  171. ^ Stephen Schenck (December 22, 2014). "What's actually new in Android 5.0.2?". pocketnow.com. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  172. ^ "Android Lollipop". developer.android.com. Retrieved November 24, 2014. It's supported on ARM, x86, and MIPS architectures and is fully 64-bit compatible.
  173. ^ Shah, Agam (December 1, 2011). "Google's Android 4.0 ported to x86 processors". Computerworld. International Data Group. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
  174. ^ "Android on Intel Architecture". 01.org. July 11, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
  175. ^ Warman, Matt (June 7, 2012). "Orange San Diego Intel Android mobile phone review". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
  176. ^ "Android Platform Development Kit". June 9, 2008. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
  177. ^ "Minimal hardware requirements for Android". stackexchange.com. October 17, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  178. ^ "Google Android System Requirements". mycomputeraid.com. March 3, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  179. ^ a b "Graphics". Android Developers. android.com. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
  180. ^ "4 Ways to Run Android on Your PC and Make Your Own "Dual OS" System". Howtogeek.com. January 13, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
  181. ^ Brad Chacos (September 6, 2013). "Hybrid hijinks: How to install Android on your PC". PCWorld. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Android (operating system).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Android_version_history&oldid=642116793"