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Iris odaesanensis

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Iris odaesanensis
File:Close up of the flowers of Iris odaesanensis.jpg
Close up of the flowers
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Limniris
Series:
Iris series Chinenses
Species:
I. odaesanensis
Binomial name
Iris odaesanensis
Synonyms
  • Iris koreana f. albiflora T.H.Chung & T.Lee
  • Iris odaesanensis f. purpurascens Y.N.Lee
  • Limniris odaesanensis (Y.N.Lee) Rodion..[1]

Iris odaesanensis is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the Chinenses series of the species. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial.

It has the common name of 'Mt. Odae Iris' in America.[2][3][4][5] It is very occasionally known as the 'Korean White Iris'.[6]

It is written as 朝鲜 鸢 尾 in chinese script and known as chao xian wei yuan in China.[7]

The Latin specific epithet odaesanensis, comes from the word “odaesan” because it was first discovered in Odaesan Mountain in Korea.[8][9]

It is firstly found on 'Mount Omi' in the Korean province of Gyeongsangbuk-do in 1963. It was originally called Iris koreana for. albiflora (T.H.Chung & T.Lee, Report on study of a new species of Iridaceae plants Seoul Agricultural College 1-4 1964). Later, in 1974, Y.N.Lee found the same species in both Mt. Odae and Mt Hoenggye-ri in Gangwon province but named it as 'Iris odaesanensis'.[10] It was then first published and described as Iris odaeanensis by Y.N.Lee in the 'Korean Journal of Botany',  Vol.17 Issue.33, in 1974.[11]

It was later published in Illustrated Flora and Fauna of Korea, Vol.18 in 1976.[12]

In 1995, a Korean postage stamp features Iris odaesanensis.[13]

In the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, it was classified as rare – from south Korea (Mt Odae and Mount Sorak and Mt Kyebang).[14]

It flowered in the Cumberland woodland garden of Kew Botanical Garden in the UK in May 1997. The was the first known record of it flowering in cultivation in the UK.[15]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003.[16]

Since 2006, it has been found that the populations of the iris have been in rapid decline so now rare.[9] So it was then designated as threatened by extinction, and listed as Grade II for preservation.[10][8]

In 2006, a patent for the method of mass propagation of Iris odaesanensis was issued. To help preserve and propagating the endangered Iris.[17]

The Hantaek Botanical Garden grows 12 species for conservation and restoration, these include Rodgersia tabularis, Crypsinus hastatus, Wasabia koreana, Jeffersonia dubia, Iris odaesanensis, Iris dichotoma, Hylotelephium ussuriense, Abeliophyllum distichum, Brasenia purpurea, Paeonia obovata, Thalictrum coreanum and Corylopsis coreana.[18]

In 2012, the vascular plants of the Jusan Reservoir Watershed in Juwangsan National Park, Korea were studied and 2 species were designated by Ministry of Environment as endangered plants; Berchemia berchemiaefolia (Makino) Koidz. and Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee.[19]

In 2014, a study of the vascular plants along the altitudinal gradient and investigation routes of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea. Out of all the 510 surveyed taxonomic groups, the rare and endangered plants comprised of 24 taxa in total. Only one taxon was classified as 'Endangered' species (EN), Oplopanax elatus and vulnerable species (VU) included Picea jezoensis, Thuja koraiensis and Iris odaesanensis.[20]

It can be seen in JC Raulston Arboretum of the North Carolina State University since 2012.[21]

It is listed as being found in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (between North Korea and South Korea).[22]

The chemical composition of the iris was studied and it was found that it contains starch and fat oil.[6]

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[9][23]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[24] It was counted as 2n=22[9][25]

Cultivation

Iris odaesanensis is hardy to between USDA Zone 5 – 9.[3][5][23]

It prefers well drained, (mildly acidic - neutral) soils and in positions between partly sunny to light shade (similar to woodland positions).[23][5][4][3][26][27] It will tolerate up to 6 hours of sun as well.[28]

It likes soils that get an average amount of moisture.[3][23] But it will tolerate temporary drought conditions.[9]

It is rare in cultivation in the USA and only available in very few nurseries.[13][3]

It is thought to be easy to cultivate even in moderately shaded areas of Korea and Japan.[26] It is sometimes used as a ground covering plant.[9]

Propagation

Iris odaesanensis can be naturally propagated by hummingbirds.[9][3]

It can also be propagated by [Division (horticulture)|division]] or by seed growing.[23]

Dividing the clump is the easiest, (separating the small sections of rhizomes), as the plant can create dense clumps within 5 years of planting.[9][10]

To grow by seed, the seed pod has to be harvested when ripe.[23] But this must be timed perfectly, or the seeds will be lost.[29] The seeds can suffer from poor germination rates or cross-pollination (with other iris species).[10]

It also takes a long time to grow and to form flower producing plants, they can take up to 5 years to get big enough to produce flowering stems.[10]

File:Iris odaesanensis.png
Iris odaesanensis

References

  1. ^ "Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  2. ^ "The Woodland Hillside" (PDF). highpoint.edu High Point University. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Iris odaesanensis". putnamhillnursery.com. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Catalog I." laporteavenuenursery.com. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  5. ^ a b c "Iris odaesanensis (Mt. Odae Iris)". plantdelights.com. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  6. ^ a b "Iris odaesanensis Y. Lee". minsok.jbnu.ac.kr. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  7. ^ "FOC Vol. 24 Page 303". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Flagship Species". english.knps.or.kr. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "Chapitre II iris a touffe et autre (partie1)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d e Bae, Kee-Hwa; Yoo, Kyoung-Hwa; Lee, Mi-Hyun; Jeong, Jae-Hun; Choi, Yong-Eui; Yoon, Eui-Soo (12 September 2013). "Plant regeneration from callus of Iris odaesanensis Y. N. Lee native to Korea via organogenesis" (PDF). Journal Plant Biotechnology. 40. Korean Society for Plant Biotechnology: 163–168. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2013.40.3.163. Retrieved 8 January 2015. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help); External link in |doi= (help)
  11. ^ "Iridaceae Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 6 January 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 10 (help)
  12. ^ Laurin, Terry (21 October 2014). "(SPEC) Iris odaesanensis Lee". irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  13. ^ a b Kramb, D. (30 September 2004). "Iris odaesanensis". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  14. ^ Kerry Scott Walter and Harriet J. Gillett (Editors)1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, p. 679, at Google Books
  15. ^ "Kew Scientist magazine Oct 1997 Issue 12" (PDF). kew.org. October 1997. p. 8. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  16. ^ "Taxon: Iris odaesanensis Y. N. Lee". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  17. ^ Jae, Lee Sung; Kyu, Kim Hee; Yong, Shin Dong; Jun, Sim Sang; Yong, Sung Gil (29 June 2006). "The Method For Mass Propagation Of Iris Odaesanensis Y. Lee Via Embryo Genesis From Growing Point Tissue". europepmc.org. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  18. ^ Song, Ki­ Hun (July 2006). "Plant Conservation in South Korean Botanic Gardens". Botanic Garden journal. 3 (2). bgci.org. Retrieved 10 January 2015. {{cite journal}}: soft hyphen character in |first= at position 3 (help)
  19. ^ You, Ju-Han; Jung, Sung-Cheol; Chung, Chul-Un; Mun, Sung-Ju (2012). [ttp://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=HKBOB5_2012_v15n1_89 "Management Plan and Vascular Plants of the Jusan Reservoir Watershed in [[Juwangsan National Park]]"]. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology. 15 (1). The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology: 89–105. doi:10.13087/kosert.2012.15.1.089. Retrieved 10 January 2015. {{cite journal}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  20. ^ Yang, Jong-Cheol; Hwang, Hee-Suk; Lee, Hye-Jeong; Jung, Su-Young; Ji, Seong-Jin; Lee, You-Mi (30 March 2014). "Distribution of vascular plants along the altitudinal gradient of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea". Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 7 (1). sciencedirect.com: 40–71. doi:10.1016/j.japb.2014.03.008. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  21. ^ "Our Plants". jcra.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  22. ^ Kim, Jin-Oh; Fuller, Trevon (2007). "Incorporating Stakeholder Preferences into Transboundary Conservation Planning: A Case Study from the Korean Demilitarized Zone" (PDF). Endangered Species Update, Science, Policy and emerging issues. 24 (4). School of Natural Resources and Environment, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: 94–124. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  23. ^ a b c d e f "PlantFiles: Species Iris Iris odaesanensis". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  24. ^ Austin, Claire. "Irises A Garden Encyclopedia" (pdf). worldtracker.org. p. 274-275. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  25. ^ Park, Young Wook; Kim, Dong Min; Jung, Hwang Yoon; Lim, Ki Byung; Kim, Hyun Hee. "Karyotype analysis of three Korean native Iris species". Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology. 47 (1). horticulture.or.kr/eng. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  26. ^ a b Gin, Emma. "Korean Flower Names". gardenguides.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  27. ^ "Canadian Iris Society Newsletter Winter 2013 Vol.57 Issue1" (PDF). e-clipse.ca. p. 12. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  28. ^ "Beardless Irises Two". pacificbulbsociety.org. 2 March 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  29. ^ "SPRING NEWSLETTER, APRIL 2007" (PDF). glcnargs.com (GREAT LAKES CHAPTER, North American Rock Garden Society). April 2007. p. 6. Retrieved 8 January 2015.

Other sources

Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 79.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to iris odaesanensis.


odaesanensis ;Category:Flora of Asia ;Category:Garden plants ;Category:Plants described in 1914 ;Category:Flora of Korea

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