Lepton number
| Flavour in particle physics |
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| Flavour quantum numbers |
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| Related quantum numbers |
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| Combinations |
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| Flavour mixing |
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (October 2014) |
In particle physics, the lepton number is the number of leptons minus the number of antileptons.
In equation form,
so all leptons have assigned a value of +1, antileptons −1, and non-leptonic particles 0. Lepton number (sometimes also called lepton charge) is an additive quantum number, which means that its sum is preserved in interactions (as opposed to multiplicative quantum numbers such as parity, where the product is preserved instead).
Beside the leptonic number, leptonic family numbers are also defined:
- Le , the electronic number for the electron and the electron neutrino;
- Lμ , the muonic number for the muon and the muon neutrino;
- Lτ , the tauonic number for the tau and the tau neutrino;
with the same assigning scheme as the leptonic number: +1 for particles of the corresponding family, −1 for the antiparticles, and 0 for leptons of other families or non-leptonic particles.
Violations of the lepton number conservation laws
In the Standard Model, leptonic family numbers (LF numbers) would be preserved if neutrinos were massless. Since neutrino oscillations have been observed, neutrinos do have a tiny nonzero mass and conservation laws for LF numbers are therefore only approximate. This means the conservation laws are violated, although because of the smallness of the neutrino mass they still hold to a very large degree for interactions containing charged leptons. The (total) lepton number conservation law still holds for most practical purposes (under the Standard Model). So, when dealing with lepton interactions, we can use the constancy of Lepton numbers to predict possible outcomes of interactions, such as:
μ− |
→ | e− |
+ | ν e |
+ | ν μ | |
| L: | 1 | = | 1 | + | 1 | − | 1 |
| Le : | 0 | ≠ | 1 | + | 1 | + | 0 |
| Lμ : | 1 | ≠ | 0 | + | 0 | − | 1 |
Because the lepton number conservation law in fact is violated by chiral anomalies, there are problems applying this symmetry universally over all energy scales. However, the quantum number B − L is much more likely to work and is seen in different models such as the Pati–Salam model.
Experiments such as MEGA have searched for lepton number violation in muon decays to electrons; MEG set the current branching limit of order 10−13. Some BSM theories predict branching ratios of order 10-12 to 10−14.[1]
References
- ^ "New Limit on the Lepton-Flavor-Violating Decay mu to e+gamma". PRL. 21 Oct 2011. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.171801.
- Griffiths, David J. (1987). Introduction to Elementary Particles. Wiley, John & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-60386-4.
- Tipler, Paul; Llewellyn, Ralph (2002). Modern Physics (4th ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4345-0.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - M. Raidal; et al. (2008). Eur. Phys. J. C 57, 13.
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