Optical radiation

Optical radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is subdivided into ultraviolet radiation (UV), the spectrum of light visible for man (VIS) and infrared radiation (IR). It ranges between wavelengths of 100 nm to 1 mm. Electromagnetic waves in this range obey the laws of optics--they can be focused and refracted with lenses, for example.

Effects

Optical radiation may produce positive as well as negative effects. It is therefore necessary to arrange for reasonable exposure to optical radiation. Primarily UV-radiation, but also IR-radiation, may be both beneficial and detrimental for man. The natural source of both types of radiation is sun. Artificial sources of UV-radiation are among others UV-lamps or emitters as for example in solaria. Artificial IR-radiation is generated by devices such as light bulbs or radiant heaters.

Excessive exposure to natural or artificial UV-radiation means immediate (acute) and long-term (chronic) damage to the eye and skin. Excess of IR-radiation may also cause health detriment. Recent studies have shown that chronic exposure to IR-radiation alone or combined with UV-radiation may induce skin damage. It is therefore necessary to arrange for reasonable exposure to optical radiation.

Specifications

The European Union (EU) has laid down minimum harmonized requirements for the protection of workers against the risks arising from exposure to Artificial Optical Radiation (e.g. UVA, laser, etc.) in the Directive 2006/25/EC. A Non-binding guide to good practice for implementing Directive 2006/25/EC "Artificial Optical Radiation" is available on this page.