Ansud
| Ansud | |
|---|---|
| King of Mari | |
| Reign | c. 2423-2416 BC. Middle chronology |
| Predecessor | Ikun-Shamagan |
| Successor | Saʿumu |
| King of Mari | |
Ansud (also read as Ianupu, Yanup, Anubu, Gansud, Anusu and Hanusum),[1][2][3][4][5] was an early king (Lugal) of the second Mariote kingdom who reigned c. 2423-2416 BC.[6] Ansud is known for warring against the Eblaites from a letter written by the later Mariote king Enna-Dagan.
Reign
Identity
A jar discovered at Mari, sent as a gift by Mesannepada of Ur, recorded the name of king "Hanusum" (Gansud) of Mari.[2] The letter of Enna-Dagan is extremely difficult to read,[7] and the word "Sa'umu" appeared in three passages of it.[3] In the second and third passages, the word referred to Ansud's successor Sa'umu.[3][8] However, in the first passage, "Sa'umu" was read as a verb by Giovanni Pettinato, who later read it as (Anudu).[3] Alfonso Archi, recognized that this verb is a personal name of a monarch and read it as Anubu (motivated by the Sumerian King List which record a dynasty of Mari and king Anbu as the first monarch of the dynasty).[3] However, the discovery of an intact (SKL) with the names of Mari's dynasty bearing no resemblance to second kingdom monarchs, eliminated the need for Archi's identification.[3] According to Michael Astour, the name is Anusu (Ansud) and must be correlated with king Hanusum.[5]
Campaigns
In the letter Ansud is recorded defeating the Eblaite vassal cities of Aburu, Ilgi and Belan.[note 1][1] The king is also mentioned leaving ruins in the mountains of Labanan,[1] which were identified by Pettinato with Lebanon.[10] However, this identification was ruled as geographically impossible by Astour.[10]
See also
Notes
Citations
- ^ a b c "Monuments of War, War of Monuments: Some Considerations on Commemorating War in the Third Millennium BC. Orientalia Vol.76/4". Davide Nadali. 2007. p. 354. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ a b Joan Aruz, Ronald Wallenfels (2003). Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. p. 463. Cite error: The named reference "maro" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b c d e f Cyrus Herzl Gordon,Gary Rendsburg,Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 57.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Nakl. Ceskoslovenské akademie věd (1969). Archiv Orientální, Volume 37 (in French). p. 623.
- ^ a b Cyrus Herzl Gordon,Gary Rendsburg,Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 58.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ William J. Hamblin (2006). Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. p. 242.
- ^ Martha A. Morrison,David I. Owen (1987). General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 9/1. p. 12.
- ^ Douglas Frayne (2008). Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC). p. 761.
- ^ P.M. Michèle Daviau,Michael Weigl,John W. Wevers (2001). The World of the Aramaeans: Studies in Honour of Paul-Eugène Dion, Volume 1. p. 233.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Cyrus Herzl Gordon,Gary Rendsburg (1992). Eblaitica vol.3. p. 29.