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Back to Black

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This article is about the album. For the song, see Back to Black (song).

Untitled

Back to Black is the second and final studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse, released on 27 October 2006 by Island Records. The album produced several singles, including "Rehab", "You Know I'm No Good", "Back to Black", "Tears Dry on Their Own", and "Love Is a Losing Game". Back to Black was acclaimed by music critics, who praised Salaam Remi and Mark Ronson's production, and Winehouse's songwriting and emotive singing style.

At the 50th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony, Back to Black won Best Pop Vocal Album and was also nominated for Album of the Year. At the same ceremony, Winehouse won four additional awards meaning that she ties with five other artists as the second-most awarded female in a single ceremony. The album was also nominated at the 2007 Brit Awards for MasterCard British Album and was shortlisted for the 2007 Mercury Prize. In December 2011, Back to Black was announced as the UK's second best-selling album of the 21st century by the Official Charts Company, having sold 3.5 million copies in the UK alone. As of April 2014, the album had sold over twenty million copies worldwide.

A deluxe edition of Back to Black was also released on 5 November 2007 in the UK. The bonus disc features B-sides, rare, and live tracks, as well as "Valerie". Winehouse's debut DVD I Told You I Was Trouble: Live in London was released the same day in the UK and 13 November in the US. It includes a live set recorded at London's Shepherds Bush Empire and a 50-minute documentary charting the singer's career over the previous four years.

Background

Winehouse released her debut album, Frank, on 20 October 2003. Produced mainly by Salaam Remi, many songs were influenced by jazz, and apart from two covers, every song was co-written by Winehouse. The album received positive reviews[1][2] with compliments over the "cool, critical gaze" in its lyrics[3] and brought comparisons of her voice to Sarah Vaughan,[4] Macy Gray and others.[3] The album reached number thirteen on the UK Albums Chart at the time of its release, and was eventually certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).[5][6] In 2004, Winehouse was nominated for British Female Solo Artist and British Urban Act at the Brit Awards,[7] while Frank made the shortlist for the Mercury Prize.[8] That same year, the album's first single, "Stronger Than Me", earned Winehouse and Remi an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song.[9]

Recording

In contrast to the jazz-influenced Frank, Winehouse's focus shifted to the girl groups of the 1950s and 1960s. Winehouse hired New York singer Sharon Jones's longtime band, the Dap-Kings to back her up in the studio and on tour.[10] In May 2006, Winehouse's demonstration tracks such as "You Know I'm No Good" and "Rehab" appeared on Mark Ronson's New York radio show on East Village Radio. These were some of the first new songs played on the radio after the release of "Pumps" and both were slated to appear on her second album. The album was produced entirely by Salaam Remi and Ronson, with the production credits being split between them. Ronson said in a 2010 interview that he liked working with Winehouse because she was blunt when she did not like his work.[11]

Tom Elmhirst was contracted to help with the mixing of the album; Elmhirst first remixed the single "You Know I'm No Good". Elmhirst first received Ronson's original mix which he described as being "radical in terms of planning, kind of Beatlesque." Elmhirst panned the songs drums to one side, he attempted to mix "Love Is a Losing Game" in the same manner he did with "Rehab", but he felt it was not right. The majority of the songs produced by Ronson were done at the studio of the band the Dap Kings, in Brooklyn, New York, the drums, piano, guitar and bass were all done together in one room., with the drums being recorded with one microphone, with lots of spill between the instruments. Elmhirst mixed "Rehab", when he first received the multitrack of the song it was small, however Mark then went to London to record strings, brass and percussion in one of Metropolis's tracking rooms. After this was added, there were quite a few tracks. The song had a retro, '60s soul, R&B feel, which is what the Dap Kings specialise in, when it came to the mixing Elmhirst added a contemporary feel to it as well, while Mark wanted to keep the mix sparse and not over-produced.[12]

Music and lyrics

According to AllMusic's John Bush, Back to Black finds Winehouse "deserting jazz and wholly embracing contemporary R&B".[13] David Mead of Paste also viewed it as a departure from Frank and said that it sets her singing to Salaam Remi and Mark Ronson's "synthetic Motown-style backdrop".[14] Meanwhile, Ann Powers from NPR Music characterised Back to Black as "a full embrace of classic rhythm and blues."[15] The song "Tears Dry on Their Own" samples the backing music from Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell's 1967 song "Ain't No Mountain High Enough".[16] Music journalist Chuck Eddy credits Ronson and Remi's production for resembling Phil Spector's "Wall of Sound" technique and surrounding Winehouse with brass and string sections, harp, and the Wurlitzer.[17] PopMatters writer Christian John Wikane said that its "sensibilities of 1960s pop and soul" are contradicted by Winehouse's "blunt" lyrics and felt that "this particular marriage of words and music mirrors the bittersweet dichotomy that sometimes frames real relationships".[18]

On the song "Rehab", Winehouse mentions "Ray" and "Mr. Hathaway", in reference to Ray Charles and Donny Hathaway. However, for some time during live performances, she replaced "Ray" with "Blake", referring to her ex-husband, Blake Fielder-Civil, who served time in prison for charges relating to grievous bodily harm.[19] "Back to Black" explores elements of old school soul music.[20] The song's sound and beat have been described as similar to vintage girl groups from the 1960s.[21][22] Its production was noted for its Wall of Sound.[21][23] Winehouse expresses feelings of hurt and bitterness for a boyfriend who has left her; however, throughout the lyrics she "remains strong" examplified in the opening lines, "He left no time to regret, Kept his d_ck [sic] wet, With his same old safe bet, Me and my head high, And my tears dry, Get on without my guy".[24] The song's lyrical content consists of a sad goodbye to a relationship with the lyrics being frank.[22][25] John Murphy of musicOMH compared the song's introduction to songs by Jimmy Mack, adding that it continues to a "much darker place" than the afforementioned artist's work.[20]

Release and promotion

Winehouse performing at the Eurockéennes festival in France in 2007

A deluxe edition of the album was released in Europe on 5 November 2007. The re-issue features the original studio album remastered as well as a bonus disc including various B-sides, rare, and live tracks, including the Live Lounge rendition of the single "Valerie", which was originally only available (in studio form) on Mark Ronson's Version album. A deluxe edition of Back to Black was also released on 5 November 2007 in the UK. The bonus disc features B-sides, rare, and live tracks, as well as "Valerie". Winehouse's debut DVD I Told You I Was Trouble: Live in London was released the same day in the UK and 13 November in the US. It includes a live set recorded at London's Shepherds Bush Empire and a 50-minute documentary charting the singer's career over the previous four years.[26]

The first single released from the album on 23 October 2006 was the Ronson-produced "Rehab", a song about her past refusal to attend an alcohol rehabilitation centre despite prodding by her management company.[27] On 22 October 2006, based solely on download sales, it entered the UK Singles Chart at number nineteen and when the physical single was released the following week, it climbed to number seven.

The second single from the album was "You Know I'm No Good". The single was released on 8 January 2007 with a remix featuring rap vocals by Ghostface Killah. It reached number eighteen on the UK Singles Chart and, in the same week's chart, "Rehab" climbed back up to number twenty. Back to Black was released in the United States in March 2007, with "You Know I'm No Good" as its lead single. A third UK single, "Back to Black", was released on 30 April 2007, and peaked at number twenty-five. "Rehab" rose to number ten on the Billboard Hot 100 the week of 14 June, after a performance of the song at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards. The following week it peaked at number nine. Two further singles were released from the album. "Tears Dry on Their Own" was released on 13 August 2007, and peaked at number sixteen in the UK, while "Love Is a Losing Game", released on 10 December 2007, reached number forty-six.

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[13]
The A.V. ClubA−[28]
Blender[29]
The Guardian[30]
The Observer[31]
Pitchfork Media6.4/10[32]
Q[33]
Rolling Stone[34]
Slant Magazine[35]
The Times[36]

Back to Black received widespread acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 81, based on 26 reviews.[37] AllMusic writer John Bush lauded Winehouse's musical transition from her debut album: "all the best parts of her musical character emerge intact, and actually, are all the better for the transformation from jazz vocalist to soul siren."[13] Q magazine wrote that she "now has a voice brimming with womanly promise."[33] Dorian Lynskey of The Guardian called it "a 21st-century soul classic".[30] Sal Cinqueamni of Slant Magazine said that Winehouse and her producers are "expert mood-setters or crafty reconstructionists".[35] Victoria Segal of The Times stated "these are explicit, honest songs ... from a thoroughly modern milieu".[36] The Observer's Stuart Nicholson stated "it works ... by dint of its clever melody lines and smart lyrics".[31] Jon Pareles of The New York Times called the album "a wonderfully time-twisted batch of songs".[38] The New Yorker's Sasha Frere-Jones praised Winehouse's "mush-mouthed approach" and "range and delivery".[39] Nathan Rabin, writing in The A.V. Club, found interesting "the incongruity between Winehouse's trifling lyrical concerns and Back To Black's wall-of-sound richness".[28]

In a mixed review, Rolling Stone's Christian Hoard stated: "The tunes don't always hold up. But the best ones are impossible to dislike."[34] Robert Christgau gave it an "honorable mention" in his consumer guide for MSN Music, citing "You Know I'm No Good" and "Rehab" as highlights and writing, "Pray her marriage lasts—she's observant, and it would broaden her perspective".[40] Pitchfork Media's Joshua Klein criticised Winehouse's "defensive", subjective lyrics concerning relationships, but added that "Winehouse has been blessed by a brassy voice that can transform even mundane sentiments into powerful statements".[32] Douglas Wolk, writing for Blender, said that the album "sounds fantastic—partly because the production nails sample-ready '60s soul right down to the drum sound; and partly because Winehouse is one hell of an impressive singer, especially when she's not copping other people's phrasing".[29] In a retrospective review for Rolling Stone in 2010, Wolk gave the album four-and-a-half out of five stars and referred to it as "an unlikely marvel, a desperately sad and stirring record whose hooks and production (by Remi and Mark Ronson) are worthy of the soul hall-of-famers she namedrops—'Tears Dry On Their Own' is basically 'Ain't No Mountain High Enough' recast as self-recrimination".[41]

Accolades

Back to Black was named one of the ten best albums of 2006 and 2007 by several publications on their year-end albums lists, including The Austin Chronicle (number four), Billboard (number three), Blender (number eight), Slant Magazine (number four), Entertainment Weekly (number two), The New York Times (number three)[42] and Time (number one).[43] The album was placed at number forty on Rolling Stone's list of The Top 50 Albums of 2007.[44] Entertainment Weekly critic Chris Willman named Back to Black the second best album of 2007, commenting that "Black will hold up as one of the great breakthrough CDs of our time." He adds, "In the end, the singer's real-life heartache over her incarcerated spouse proves what's obvious from the grooves: When this lady sings about love, she means every word."[45] Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Albums of the 2000s ranked the album number twenty.[46] In 2012, Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 451 on its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[47]

At the 2007 Brit Awards, Winehouse won British Female Solo Artist, and Back to Black was nominated for MasterCard British Album.[48] In July 2007, the album was shortlisted for the 2007 Mercury Prize, but lost out to Klaxons' Myths of the Near Future.[49] This is the second time Winehouse has been nominated for the Mercury Prize; her debut album Frank was shortlisted in 2004.[8] Back to Black won numerous awards at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards on 10 February 2008, including Record of the Year and Song of the Year for "Rehab"; while the album received nominations for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album, winning the latter.[50][51] Winehouse herself, for the album, was presented the Grammy for Best New Artist,[50] while Ronson earned the 2008 Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical.[52]

Commercial performance

Back to Black debuted at number three on the UK Albums Chart with first-week sales of 43,021 copies.[53] The album fell to number ten the following week, selling 27,763 copies.[54] By the end of 2006, the album had been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).[55] Back to Black topped the UK Albums Chart for the first time during the week ending 20 January 2007, its eleventh week on the chart, selling over 35,500 copies.[56] The following week, the album remained at number one with nearly 48,000 copies sold.[57] Five weeks later, it returned for a third week atop the UK chart, selling 47,000 copies.[58] The deluxe edition of the album also spent a week atop the UK chart for the week ending 8 March 2008 with 62,773 copies sold,[59] its seventeenth week on the chart after entering at number twenty-two.[60][61] In doing so, Winehouse became the first artist to top the chart with separate regular and deluxe editions of the same album.[59] The two versions of the album charted separately at the time and were both in the top ten for the week ending 29 December 2007.[62] As of 14 June 2009, the album was the eighteenth highest-selling album of all time in the UK, with all versions combined.[63] Back to Black was the biggest-selling album of 2007 in the UK, having sold 1.85 million copies.[64] The BPI certified the album eleven-times platinum on 9 August 2013,[55] and by March 2015, it had sold 3,560,000 copies, becoming the UK's second best-selling album of the 21st century behind Adele's 21,[65][66] as well as the thirteenth best-selling album in the UK of all time.[67]

Back to Black debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 in the United States with first-week sales of 51,000 copies,[68] becoming the highest debut entry for an album by a British female solo artist at the time—a record that would be broken by Joss Stone's Introducing Joss Stone, which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 for the week of 7 April 2007.[69][70] Following Winehouse's multiple wins at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards, the album jumped from number twenty-four to a new peak of number two on the Billboard 200 chart issue dated 1 March 2008 with sales of 115,000 copies, a 368% increase from the previous week.[71] The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 10 July 2007 for shipments in excess of one million units,[72] becoming the twenty-fourth best-selling album of 2007.[73] It was eventually certified double platinum on 12 March 2008,[72] and has since sold nearly three million copies in the US.[74]

Back to Black topped the European Top 100 Albums chart for thirteen non-consecutive weeks,[75] while reaching number one in Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland.[76][77][78][79][80] The album was certified eight-times platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) in late 2011, denoting sales of eight million copies across Europe.[81] As of November 2010, it is the fifth most downloaded album of all time in Germany.[82] By April 2014, the album had sold over twenty million copies worldwide [83]

Following Winehouse's death on 23 July 2011,[84] sales of Back to Black drastically increased across the world. The album rose to number one on several iTunes charts worldwide.[85] On 24 July 2011, with fewer than seven hours sales after the announcement of her death counting towards the respective week's chart figures,[86] the original album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number fifty-nine with 2,446 copies sold, while the deluxe edition sold 843 copies to re-enter the chart at number 163.[87] The following week, it soared back to number one,[88] marking the fourth time the album has reached the top of the chart. Back to Black held the top spot for two additional weeks, selling 63,071 copies in the second week and 43,726 copies in the third week.[89][90] On 26 July 2011, Billboard reported that the album had re-entered the Billboard 200 chart dated 6 August 2011 at number nine with sales of 37,000 copies,[91] although that week's chart only tracked the first 36 hours of sales after her death was announced.[92] The following week, it climbed to number seven with 38,000 copies sold after a full week's worth of sales.[93] In Canada, the album re-entered the Canadian Albums Chart at number thirteen on sales of 2,500 copies, an increase of 2,172% from the previous week.[94][95] It rose to number six the following week, selling an additional 5,000 copies.[96] In continental Europe, Back to Black returned to the number-one spot in Austria,[97] Croatia,[98] Germany,[99] the Netherlands,[100] Poland[101] and Switzerland,[102] while reaching number one for the first time in Italy.[103]

Legacy

After the release of Back to Black, record companies sought out female artists with a similar sound and fearless and experimental female musicians in general. Adele and Duffy were the second wave of artists with a sound similar to Winehouse's. A third wave of female musicians that has emerged since the album was released are led by V V Brown, Florence and the Machine, La Roux and Little Boots.[104] In March 2011 the New York Daily News ran an article attributing the continuing wave of British female artists that have been successful in the United States to Winehouse and her absence. Spin magazine music editor Charles Aaron was quoted as saying "Amy Winehouse was the Nirvana moment for all these women," "They can all be traced back to her in terms of attitude, musical styles or fashion". According to Keith Caulfield, chart manager for Billboard, "Because of Amy, or the lack thereof, the marketplace was able to get singers like Adele, Estelle and Duffy [...] Now those ladies have brought on the new ones, like Eliza Doolittle, Rumer and Ellie."[105]

Track listing

No.TitleWriter(s)ProducerLength
1."Rehab"Amy WinehouseMark Ronson3:35
2."You Know I'm No Good"WinehouseRonson4:17
3."Me & Mr. Jones"WinehouseSalaam Remi2:33
4."Just Friends"WinehouseRemi3:13
5."Back to Black"
  • Winehouse
  • Ronson
Ronson4:01
6."Love Is a Losing Game"WinehouseRonson2:35
7."Tears Dry on Their Own"
Remi3:06
8."Wake Up Alone"
Ronson3:42
9."Some Unholy War"WinehouseRemi2:22
10."He Can Only Hold Her"
  • Winehouse
  • Richard Poindexter
  • Robert Poindexter
Ronson2:46
11."Addicted"WinehouseRemi2:46
Total length:34:56
US edition bonus tracks[106][107]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
11."You Know I'm No Good" (Remix featuring Ghostface Killah)Winehouse3:22
12."Rehab" (Hot Chip Remix) (iTunes Store bonus track)Winehouse6:58
Total length:45:16
Japanese edition bonus tracks[108]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
11."Addicted"Winehouse2:45
12."Close to the Front"Winehouse4:35
13."Hey Little Rich Girl" (featuring Zalon & Ade)
3:35
14."Monkey Man"Frederick Hibbert2:56
15."Back to Black" (The Rumble Strips Remix)
  • Winehouse
  • Ronson
3:48
16."You Know I'm No Good" (Remix featuring Ghostface Killah)Winehouse3:22
Total length:55:57
German limited edition bonus tracks[109]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
11."Rehab" (Live at Kalkscheune / Berlin)Winehouse3:37
12."Love Is a Losing Game" (Live at Kalkscheune / Berlin)Winehouse2:45
13."Tears Dry on Their Own" (Live at Kalkscheune / Berlin)
  • Winehouse
  • Ashford
  • Simpson
3:15
14."Take the Box" (Live at Kalkscheune / Berlin)
  • Winehouse
  • Luke Smith
3:39
15."Valerie" (Live at Kalkscheune / Berlin)
4:14
Total length:52:26
Deluxe edition bonus disc[110][111][112]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Valerie"
  • McCabe
  • The Zutons
3:53
2."Cupid"Sam Cooke3:49
3."Monkey Man"Hibbert2:56
4."Some Unholy War" (Down Tempo)Winehouse3:17
5."Hey Little Rich Girl" (featuring Zalon & Ade)
  • Hall
  • Byers
3:35
6."You're Wondering Now" (UK, Australian and Japanese editions only)Clement Dodd2:33
7."To Know Him Is to Love Him"Phil Spector2:24
8."Love Is a Losing Game" (original demo)Winehouse3:43
Total length:26:10
Best Buy exclusive deluxe edition bonus DVD[113]
No.TitleLength
1."International Electronic Press Kit"23:01
2."Intro / Back to Black" (Live @ The Orange Lounge)2:40
3."Rehab" (Live @ The Orange Lounge)3:30
4."You Know I'm No Good" (Live @ The Orange Lounge)3:11
5."Love Is a Losing Game" (Live @ The Orange Lounge)2:37
Total length:34:59
Dutch limited edition bonus disc – Live from Paradiso, Amsterdam, 8 February 2007[114]
No.TitleLength
1."Just Friends"3:20
2."Back to Black"3:55
3."I Heard Love Is Blind"3:13
4."Rehab"3:33
5."You Know I'm No Good"4:17
6."Love Is a Losing Game"2:47
Total length:21:05
Notes
  • "Addicted" is only included on UK and Irish pressings of the standard album, while appearing as a bonus track on all deluxe editions of the album.
  • "Tears Dry on Their Own" contains a sample interpolation of "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" written by Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson.[115]
  • "He Can Only Hold Her" contains a sample interpolation of "She's a Fox Now" written by Richard and Robert Poindexter.[115]

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Back to Black.[115]

  • Amy Winehouse – vocals, backing vocals, guitar
  • John Adams – organ, piano, Rhodes
  • Ade – backing vocals
  • Troy Auxilly-Wilson – drums, tambourine
  • Victor Axelrod – claps, Wurlitzer
  • Harry Benson – photography
  • Mark Berrow – violin
  • Dave Bishop – baritone saxophone
  • Rachel Bolt – viola
  • Thomas Brenneck – guitar
  • Raye Cosbert – management
  • Chris Davis – alto saxophone
  • Shomari "Sho" Dillon – assistant engineering
  • Gleyder "Gee" Disla – assistant engineering
  • Liz Edwards – violin
  • Richard Edwards – tenor trombone
  • Chris Elliott – orchestra arrangement and conducting
  • Tom Elmhirst – mixing
  • Cochemea Gastelum – baritone saxophone
  • Jesse Gladstone – assistant engineering
  • Phil Griffin – US cover photography
  • Isobel Griffiths – orchestra contractor
  • Binky Griptite – guitar
  • Dave Guy – trumpet
  • Peter Hanson – violin
  • John Heley – cello
  • Ian Hendrickson-Smith – baritone saxophone
  • Vincent Henry – alto saxophone, baritone saxophone, bass clarinet, celesta, clarinet, flute, guitar, piano, saxophone, tenor saxophone
  • Alex Hutchinson – design
  • Joely Koos – cello
  • Sam Koppelman – percussion
  • Boguslaw Kostecki – violin
  • Alex Lake – photography
  • Andy Mackintosh – alto saxophone
  • Mike Makowski – assistant engineering
  • Vaughan Merrick – claps, engineering
  • Perry Montague-Mason – violin, orchestra leader
  • Dom Morley – engineering
  • Nick Movshon – bass
  • Everton Nelson – violin
  • Gary "G Major" Noble – mixing
  • Derek Pacuk – engineering
  • Matt Paul – engineering, mixing assistant
  • Tom Piggott-Smith – violin
  • Anthony Pleeth – cello
  • Bruce Purse – bass trumpet, flugelhorn, trumpet
  • Jonathan Rees – violin
  • Salaam Remi – bass, drums, guitar, piano, production, upright bass
  • Mishca Richter – photography
  • Frank Ricotti – percussion
  • Mark Ronson – band arrangement, claps, engineering, production, snaps, tambourine
  • Gabriel Roth – band arrangement, engineering
  • Steve Sidwell – trumpet
  • Mike Smith – tenor saxophone
  • Franklin Socorro – engineering
  • Homer Steinweiss – drums
  • Neal Sugarman – tenor saxophone
  • Jamie Talbot – tenor saxophone
  • Jon Thorne – viola
  • Chris Tombling – violin
  • Helen Tunstall – harp
  • Bruce White – viola
  • Katie Wilkinson – viola
  • James Wisner – mixing assistant
  • Zalon – backing vocals
  • Warren Zielinski – violin

Charts

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[211] 3× Platinum 210,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[212] 7× Platinum 210,000*
Belgium (BEA)[213] 3× Platinum 60,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[214] Diamond 250,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[215] Platinum 100,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[216] 3× Platinum 120,000^
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[217] Platinum 33,884[217]
France (SNEP)[218] 2× Platinum 440,700[219]
Germany (BVMI)[220] 6× Platinum 1,200,000^
Greece (IFPI Greece)[78] Platinum 15,000^
Hungary (MAHASZ)[221] Platinum 6,000^
Italy (FIMI)[222] 2× Platinum 160,000*
Japan (RIAJ)[223] Gold 100,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[224] 5× Platinum 350,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[225] 3× Platinum 45,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[226] Platinum 40,000*
Poland (ZPAV)[227] 2× Platinum 40,000*
Portugal (AFP)[228] 2× Platinum 40,000^
Russia (NFPF)[229] 2× Platinum 40,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[184] 2× Platinum 160,000^
Sweden (GLF)[230] Platinum 40,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[231] 7× Platinum 210,000^
Turkey (MÜ-YAP)[232] Gold 50,000* 
United Kingdom (BPI)[55] 11× Platinum 3,560,000[65]
United States (RIAA)[72] 2× Platinum 3,000,000[74]
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)[81] 8× Platinum 8,000,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Region Date Edition Label Ref.
Ireland 27 October 2006 Standard Island [233]
United Kingdom 30 October 2006 [234]
Poland 20 November 2006 Universal [235]
Germany 21 November 2006 [236]
Canada 12 December 2006 [237]
France 29 January 2007 [218]
Italy 2 February 2007 [238]
Australia 24 February 2007 [239]
United States 13 March 2007 Universal Republic [107]
Germany 15 June 2007 Limited Universal [109]
Japan 5 September 2007 Standard [240]
Canada 13 November 2007 Deluxe [241]
Australia 17 November 2007 [110]
Ireland 23 November 2007 Island [242]
Germany 30 November 2007 Universal [111]
United Kingdom 3 December 2007 Island [243]
Japan 6 February 2008 Universal [240]
Italy 29 February 2008 [244]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Lindon, Beccy (17 October 2003). "Amy Winehouse, Frank". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  3. ^ a b Bush, John. "Frank – Amy Winehouse". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 4 November 2006.
  4. ^ Boraman, Greg (27 November 2003). "Review of Amy Winehouse – Frank". BBC Music. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  5. ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. 1–7 February 2004. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  6. ^ id MUST BE PROVIDED for UK CERTIFICATION.
  7. ^ "Brits 2004: The winners". BBC News Online. 17 February 2004. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Ferdinand win Mercury Music Prize". BBC News Online. 8 September 2004. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  9. ^ "ASCAP Members Honored At The Ivors". American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. 2004. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  10. ^ Sisario, Ben (29 September 2007). "She's Not Anybody's Backup Act". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 December 2007.
  11. ^ Topping, Alexandra (8 June 2010). "Mark Ronson gets all new romantic with Duran Duran". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  12. ^ Tingen, Paul (August 2007). "Secrets Of The Mix Engineers: Tom Elmhirst". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  13. ^ a b c Bush, John. "Back to Black – Amy Winehouse". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
  14. ^ Mead, David. "Amy Winehouse - Back to Black". Paste. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  15. ^ Powers, Ann (23 July 2011). "Remembering Retro-Soul Singer Amy Winehouse". NPR Music. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  16. ^ du Lac, J. Freedom (13 March 2007). "That Winehouse Buzz? Believe It". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
  17. ^ Eddy, Chuck (1 April 2011). "Wall of Sound". Spin. New York. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  18. ^ Wikane, Christian John (12 March 2007). "Amy Winehouse: Back to Black". PopMatters. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  19. ^ Farley, Christopher John (9 May 2007). "A New British Invasion?". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
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