Electrodialysis reversal
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EDR desalination is an electrodialysis reversal water desalination membrane process that has been commercially used since the early 1960s.[1] An electric current migrates dissolved salt ions, including fluorides, nitrates and sulfates, through an electrodialysis stack consisting of alternating layers of cationic and anionic ion exchange membranes. Periodically, the direction of ion flow is reversed by reversing the polarity of the applied electric current.[1]
In 2012, Saltworks Technologies Inc., a Canadian water treatment company and membrane supplier, announced an advanced electrodialysis reversal (EDR) process that enables operation as a brine concentrator on high salinity waters as well as operation as a chemical-free chemical softener on hard waters.
Advanced electrodialysis units can hybridize with Reverse Osmosis (RO).[2] In an EDR-RO Hybrid, the EDR unit functions as a chemical-free softener prior to RO treatment. The RO brine is then sent back into the advanced EDR unit for simultaneous concentration. As such, EDR is used to both pre-treat the RO feed and concentrated the RO brine. This hybrid configuration maximizes the efficiency of both technologies and produces a high concentration brine, greatly increasing recoveries. EDR-RO Hybrids are used in brine management applications; reducing brine disposal liabilities and costs.
See also
Links and References
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Technical Manual
- Article: Water issues prompt new look at desalination
- Advanced Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR)
- EDR-RO Hybrid For High Recovery
References
- ^ a b Katz, William E. (January 1979). "The electrodialysis reversal (EDR) process". Desalination. 28 (1): 31–40. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(00)88124-2. Retrieved 2015.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) Cite error: The named reference "The electrodialysis reversal (EDR) process" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Frank, Mitchell. "EDR-RO Hybrid Case Study: High Recovery Brackish Water Treatment" (PDF). EDR-RO Hybrid Case Study: High Recovery Brackish Water Treatment. Saltworks Technologies Inc. Retrieved 2015.
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