Arm folding
 | This article may be a rough translation from Bosnian. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency. (May 2015) |
The type of the hands folding is one of the clearest dynamic morphological characteristics by which each person can be assigned to one of two alternative phenotypes (R and L). Interestingly, once adopted way of the forearms to the chest folding does not change throughout the life. The unusual personal position of hands folding is always uncomfortable. The way of personal hand folding is common in each attempt.
It has been shown that the phenotypes are independently distributed within left-handed and right-handed people.
If hands are folded in the way that right forearm is above the left forearm, the phenotype is assigned as R (the right type), and in the opposite case, i.e. if the left forearm is positioned above the right, it is the L (left type) phenotype. Falk and Ayala (1971) in their research found that these variants are largely hereditary, although their genetics cannot be attributed to existing Mendelian models.[1] In this regard, Ferronato et al. (1974) found no significant correlation between parents and children.[2][3]
The contribution to the assumptions that genetic factors play an important role in the forming of this properties are data of a very heterogeneous frequencies of alternative phenotypes (R and L) in the explored portion of the world's population.[4]
Phenotype R distribution
The data in the following table summarize R distributions in various areas as concluded by the studies cited.
| Area | N | R (%) | Reference |
| Belgium | 626 | 43.6 | Leguebe (1967)[5] |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10,073 | 46.5 | Hadžiselimović et al. (1979)[6] |
| Germany | 304 | 50.0 | Ludwig (1932)[7] |
| Greece | ? | 45.4 | Pelecanos (1969)[8] |
| Poland | 771 | 35.3 | Wolanski et al. (1973)[9] |
| Serbia: Užice | 2,217 | 40.2 | Hadžiselimović et al.(1979)[10] |
| Serbia: Voivodina | 2,686 | 45.6 | Gavrilović, Božić (1972)[11] |
| Spain | 486 | 41.3 | Pons (1961)[12] |
| Sweden | 981 | 46.6 | Beckman, Elston (1962)[13] |
See also
References
- ^ Falk C. T., Ayala F. J. (1971): Genetic aspects of arm folding and hand clasping. Jpn. J. Hum. Genet., 15: 241-247. [PubMed: 4461659, related citations].
- ^ Ferronato S., Thomas D., Sadava D. (1974): Preferences for handedness, arm folding, and hand clasping in families. Hum. Hered. 24: 345-351, 1974.
- ^ OMIM, Victor A. McKusick : 6/4/1986.
- ^ Hadžiselimović R., Berberović Lj., Sofradžija A. (1979): Distribucija fenotipova načina sklapanja šaka i prekrštanja ruku u stanovništvu Bosne i Hercegovine / The distribution of hand clapping and arm dolding phenotypes in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. God. Biol. inst. Univ. Sarajevo / Ann. Biol. Inst. Univ. of Sarajevo, 32: 101-116.
- ^ Leguebe 1967 hand clasping: étude anthropologique et génétique. Bull. Soc. Roy. Antrop. Préhist., 78: 81-107.
- ^ Hadžiselimović R., Berberović Lj., Sofradžija A. (1979): Distribucija fenotipova načina sklapanja šaka i prekrštanja ruku u stanovništvu Bosne i Hercegovine. God.Biol. inst. Univ. u Sarajevu, 32: 101-116.
- ^ Ludwig W. (1932): Das Rechts – Links Problem im Tierreich und bei Menschen. J Springer Verlag.
- ^ Pelecanos 1969, in: Pyżuk M. (1976): Hand clasping , and arm- and leg-folding in Polish rural population. Acta F. R. N. Univ Come., Anthropologia, 23: 219-223.
- ^ Wolanski et al 1973, in: Pyżuk M. (1976): Hand clasping , and arm- and leg-folding in Polish rural population. Acta F. R. N. Univ Come., Anthropologia, 23: 219-223.
- ^ Hadžiselimović R., Berberović Lj., Sofradžija A. (1979): Distribucija fenotipova načina sklapanja šaka i prekrštanja ruku u stanovništvu Bosne i Hercegovine. God.Biol. inst. Univ. u Sarajevu, 32: 101-116.
- ^ Gavrilović Ž., Božić V. (1972): Proučavanje načina sklapanja šaka i pekrštanja ruku kod stanovništva u Vojvodini. Genetika, 4 (1): 59-61.
- ^ Pons J. (1963): A contribution to the genetics of hand clasping and arm folding. Proc. Second Intern. Congr. Hum. Genet. (Roma), 1: 442-446.
- ^ Beckman L. Elston R. 1962 Data on bilateral variations in man: handedness, hand clasping and arm folding in Swedes. Hum. Biol., 34: 99-103.