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100 Peaks of Taiwan

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The Top 100 Mountains or 100 Peaks is a list of 100 mountain peaks in Taiwan. They were chosen by a group of prominent Taiwanese hikers from among the peaks known at the time to be over 3,000m in height. The selection criteria included uniqueness, danger, height, beauty and prominence; preference was also given to peaks already named and those with triangulation points. [1][2]As such, "Top" does not refer strictly to the top peaks by elevation, but rather those high peaks most worth hiking. The list was intended to promote enthusiasm for high-altitude hiking in Taiwan.[3] In the resulting list of one hundred peaks, 69 peaks were in the Central Mountain Range, the largest of Taiwan's five principal mountain ranges, while 19 were in the Xueshan Range, and 12 were in the Yushan Range[4]. The Alishan Range and Coastal Mountain Range, being entirely below 3,000m, have no peaks in the Top 100.

History

Taiwan has one of the highest densities of tall mountains in the world.[citation needed] In order to promote mountain hiking, the 100 Mountain Club of the Taiwan Province Alpine Association began developing a Top 100 list of peaks for Taiwan. Wen-An Lin, after a 1971 crossing of the Central Mountain Range, set about drawing up the list. After extensive consultation with Ching-Chang Tsai, Tian-Cheng Hsing, Tung-San Ting and other prominent hikers of the day, the Top 100 was finalized.[1]

Upon completion of the list, hiking the Top 100 immediately became one of the primary goals of avid hikers in Taiwan.[1][2][5][6][7] Finishing the Top 100 is no easy task, however. For aspiring Top 100 hikers, the Big Five, Pointy Three and Ominous One set of peaks, whose unique beauty best represents the majestic grandeur of Taiwan's high mountains, became a popular starting point. Other popular sets of peaks include the Precipitous Ten and the Four Beauties. Many begin with the more easily accessible peaks in the Hehuanshan area.

There are actually over 260 mountains over 3,000m in Taiwan, many of which did not make the Top 100 but are nevertheless impressive. Therefore, some criticism remains over the inclusion of certain mountains in the list, or the exclusion of others, such as Chushan in the Dongjunshan Chain, and Mutelebushan near Xueshan's North Peak. It is argued that these and other more remarkable peaks should be in the Top 100, while peaks like Jupenshan, Lushan, Nanhubeishan, Shenmazhenshan, Jianshan, and Bulakesangshan, which can hardly be called "peaks", should be taken off the list. Also, when resurveying was carried out long after the Top 100 list was completed, it was found that Liushunshan and Lushan were actually under 3,000m. However, as the Top 100 already enjoyed such widespread acceptance, they were not removed from the list and remain there to this day.

Complete listing of the Top 100

The following is a complete listing of the 100 Taiwanese mountain peaks commonly known as the Top 100:

#
Mountain
[8]
Elevation
[8]		 Location National park
located in		 List Pictures
1 Yushan[9] 3952 m
12966 ft		 Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Chiayi County Yushan Big Five #1[a]
High Three #1[b]
2 Xueshan[10] 3886 m
12749 ft		 Miaoli County, Taichung City Shei-Pa Big Five #2[a]
High Three #2[b]
3 Yushan East Peak 3869 m
12694 ft		 Nantou County, Kaohsiung City Yushan Precipitous Ten #1[c]
4 Yushan North Peak 3858 m
12657 ft		 Nantou County Yushan Eight Beauties #1[d]
5 Yushan South Peak 3844 m
12612 ft		 Kaohsiung City Yushan Precipitous Ten #2[c]
6 Xiuguluanshan[11] 3825 m
12549 ft		 Hualien County, Nantou County Yushan Big Five #3[a]
7 Mabolasishan[12] 3785 m
12418 ft		 Hualien County, Nantou County Yushan Precipitous Ten #3[c]
8 Nanhudashan 3742 m
12277 ft		 Taichung City Taroko Big Five #4[a]
9 Dongxiaonanshan 3711 m
12175 ft		 Kaohsiung City Yushan Level Nine #1[e]
10 Zhongyangjianshan 3705 m
12156 ft		 Taichung City, Hualien County Taroko Pointy Three #1[f]
11 Xueshan North Peak 3703 m
12149 ft		 Miaoli County, Taichung City Shei-Pa Gentle Ten #2[g] Yuliyulishan
12 Guanshan 3668 m
12034 ft		 Taitung County, Kaohsiung City Yushan Precipitous Ten #4[c] Highest point of Taitung County
13 Dashuikushan 3642 m
11949 ft		 Hualien County, Nantou County Yushan Gentle Ten #1[g]
14 Nanhushan East Peak 3632 m
11916 ft		 Taichung City, Hualien County, Yilan County Taroko Rocky Ten #1[h] Highest point of Yilan County
15 Dongjundashan 3619 m
11873 ft		 Nantou County Majestic Ten #1[i] Kayixishan
16 Qilaishan North Peak 3607 m
11834 ft		 Hualien County Taroko Precipitous Ten #5[c]
Ominous One[j]
17 Xiangyangshan 3603 m
11821 ft		 Kaohsiung City, Taitung County Yushan Eight Beauties #2[d] Hongyeshan
18 Dajianshan 3594 m
11791 ft		 Taichung City Shei-Pa Precipitous Ten #6[c] Baduowanuominshan
19 Yunfeng 3564 m
11693 ft		 Kaohsiung City Yushan Lofty Nine #1[k] Cloud Peak
20 Qilaishan 3560 m
11680 ft		 Hualien County, Nantou County Taroko Lofty Nine #2[k] Qilaishan Main Peak
21 Malijiananshan 3546 m
11634 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Yushan Rocky Ten #2[h] Tabilashan
22 Nanhubeishan 3536 m
11601 ft		 Yilan County, Taichung City Taroko Majestic Ten #2[i] Bayoushan
23 Daxueshan 3530 m
11581 ft		 Miaoli County, Taichung City Shei-Pa Majestic Ten #3[i]
24 Pintianshan 3524 m
11562 ft		 Hsinchu County, Taichung City Shei-Pa Precipitous Ten #7[c]
Four Beauties #1[l]		 Boqinxilunshan
25 Yushan West Peak 3518 m
11542 ft		 Chiayi County, Nantou County Yushan Verdant Ten #4[m] Tiancuifeng
26 Touyingshan 3510 m
11516 ft		 Taichung City, Miaoli County Shei-Pa Lofty Nine #3[k]
27 Sanchashan 3496 m
11470 ft		 Hualien County, Taitung County, Kaohsiung City Yushan Majestic Ten #3[i] Xiaxueshashan
28 Dabajianshan 3492 m
11457 ft		 Hsinchu County, Miaoli County Shei-Pa Pointy Three #2[f] Jiutongshan; Highest point of Hsinchu County
29 Nanhushan South Peak 3475 m
11401 ft		 Taichung City, Hualien County Taroko Rocky Ten #5[h]
30 Dongluandashan 3468 m
11378 ft		 Nantou County Eight Beauties #3[d]
31 Wumingshan 3451 m
11322 ft		 Taichung City, Hualien County Taroko Precipitous Ten #8[c] Qusheshan, Gaotianshan
32 Babashan 3449 m
11316 ft		 Taichung City, Hualien County Taroko Little Eight #1[n] Nanhunanshan
33 Maxishan 3443 m
11296 ft		 Hualien County Yushan Majestic Ten #5[i] Lagashan, Bainanshan
34 Hehuanshan North Peak 3422 m
11227 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Taroko Majestic Ten #6[i]
35 Hehuanshan East Peak 3421 m
11224 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Taroko Lofty Nine #4[k]
36 Xiaobajianshan 3418 m
11214 ft		 Miaoli County Shei-Pa Craggy Eight #2[o]
37 Hehuanshan Main Peak 3417 m
11211 ft		 Nantou County Taroko Gentle Ten #3[g]
38 South Yushan 3383 m
11099 ft		 Kaohsiung City Yushan Gentle Ten #4[g]
39 Bilushan 3371 m
11060 ft		 Hualien County, Nantou County Taroko Narrow Eight #3[p] Lagashan
40 Zhuoshedashan 3369 m
11053 ft		 Nantou County Lofty Nine #5[k]
41 Qilaishan South Peak 3358 m
11017 ft		 Nantou County Majestic Ten #7[i]
42 Nanshuangtoushan 3356 m
11010 ft		 Hualien County, Kaohsiung City Yushan Lofty Nine #6[k]
43 Nenggaoshan South Peak 3349 m
10988 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Precipitous Ten #9[c]
44 Zhijiayangdashan 3345 m
10974 ft		 Taichung City Shei-Pa Eight Beauties #4[d]
45 Baigudashan 3342 m
10965 ft		 Nantou County, Taichung City Verdant Ten #7[m] Baigoudashan
46 Batongguanshan 3335 m
10942 ft		 Nantou County Yushan Craggy Eight #3[o]
47 Xinkangshan 3331 m
10928 ft		 Hualien County Yushan Precipitous Ten #10[c] Xinguanshan
48 Dandashan 3325 m
10909 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Nine Walls #3[q]
49 Taoshan 3325 m
10909 ft		 Hsinchu County, Taichung City Shei-Pa Eight Beauties #5[d]
Four Beauties #2[l]
50 Jiayangshan 3314 m
10873 ft		 Taichung City Shei-Pa Craggy Eight #4[o] Adubanshan
51 Huoshishan 3310 m
10860 ft		 Miaoli County, Taichung City Shei-Pa Craggy Eight #5[o]
52 Chiyoushan 3303 m
10837 ft		 Hsinchu County, Taichung City Shei-Pa Simple Six #1[r]
Four Beauties #3[l]		 Yuluofushan
53 Yizeshan 3297 m
10817 ft		 Miaoli County, Hsinchu County Shei-Pa Simple Six #2[r] Jiangzeshan
54 Beinanzhushan 3295 m
10810 ft		 Kaohsiung City, Taitung County Majestic Ten #8[i]
55 Ganzhuowanshan 3284 m
10774 ft		 Nantou County Narrow Eight #4[p]
56 Taroko Mountain 3283 m
10771 ft		 Hualien County Taroko Majestic Ten #9[i]
57 Lulushan 3279 m
10758 ft		 Kaohsiung City Yushan Craggy Eight #7[o] Majiangzhizishan
58 Kaxipananshan 3276 m
10748 ft		 Hualien County Yushan Remote Nine #4[s]
59 Neilingershan 3275 m
10745 ft		 Hualien County Majestic Ten #10[i]
60 Lingmingshan 3272 m
10735 ft		 Taichung City, Hualien County Taroko Eight Beauties #6[d]
61 Jundashan 3265 m
10712 ft		 Nantou County Yushan Eight Beauties #7[d]
62 Nenggaoshan 3262 m
10702 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Lofty Nine #7[k]
High Three #3[b]		 Noutakayama
63 Wandongshan West Peak 3258 m
10689 ft		 Nantou County Remote Nine #5[s] Huoshan
64 Jianshan 3253 m
10673 ft		 Taichung City Shei-Pa Nine Walls #5[q] Xiaojianshan
65 Pingfengshan 3250 m
10663 ft		 Hualien County Taroko Nine Walls #6[q]
66 Xiaoguanshan 3249 m
10659 ft		 Kaohsiung City, Taitung County Lofty Nine #8[k]
67 Yixiqingmazhishan 3245 m
10646 ft		 Hualien County, Nantou County Steep Seven #4[t]
68 Mushan 3241 m
10633 ft		 Nantou County Simple Six #5[r] Ganzhuowanshan Southeast Peak
69 Yushan Front Peak 3239 m
10627 ft		 Chiayi County, Nantou County Yushan Simple Six #5[r]
70 Shimenshan 3237 m
10620 ft		 Hualien County, Nantou County Taroko Little Eight #2[n]
71 Wushuangshan 3231 m
10600 ft		 Nantou County Nine Walls #7[q] Maxirouganshan
72 Taguanshan 3222 m
10571 ft		 Taitung County, Kaohsiung City Yushan Steep Seven #5[t] Daguanshan
73 Mabishanshan 3211 m
10535 ft		 Yilan County, Hualien County Taroko Level Nine #7[e] Mameishan
74 Dafenjianshan 3208 m
10525 ft		 Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Hualien County Yushan Pointy Three #3[f] Jianshan
75 Xueshan East Peak 3201 m
10502 ft		 Taichung City Shei-Pa Little Eight #3[n] Mingjianshan
76 Nanhuashan 3184 m
10446 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Narrow Eight #6[p] Nenggaoshan North Peak
77 Guanshanlingshan 3176 m
10420 ft		 Taitung County, Kaohsiung City Yushan Narrow Eight #7[p]
78 Hainuonanshan 3174 m
10413 ft		 Taitung County, Kaohsiung City Gentle Ten #6[g]
79 Zhongxueshan 3173 m
10410 ft		 Miaoli County Shei-Pa Verdant Ten #8[m]
80 Shuanshan 3168 m
10394 ft		 Taichung City Taroko Eight Beauties #8[d]
81 Ganshufeng 3158 m
10361 ft		 Hualien County, Taichung City Taroko Little Eight #6[n] Zhongyangnanshan, Yam Peak
82 Hehuanshan West Peak 3145 m
10318 ft		 Nantou County Taroko Verdant Ten #9[m]
83 Shemazhenshan 3141 m
10305 ft		 Yilan County, Taichung City Taroko Contiguous Six #1[u] Yezhenjialuosuishan
84 Kalayeshan 3133 m
10279 ft		 Hsinchu County, Yilan County Shei-Pa Contiguous Six #2[u]
Four Beauties #4[l]		 Jialiupingshan
85 Kuhanuoxinshan 3115 m
10220 ft		 Kaohsiung City Yushan Remote Nine #8[s]
86 Jialishan 3112 m
10210 ft		 Miaoli County Shei-Pa Contiguous Six #3[u] Maibalabianshan
87 Baishishan 3110 m
10203 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Steep Seven #6[t]
88 Panshishan 3106 m
10190 ft		 Hualien County Taroko Remote Nine #9[s] Shanyuanshan
89 Patuolushan 3101 m
10174 ft		 Hualien County Taroko Gentle Ten #8[g]
90 Beidawushan 3092 m
10144 ft		 Pingtung County, Taitung County Big Five #5[a] Dawushan; Highest point in Pingtung County
91 Xiluandashan 3081 m
10108 ft		 Nantou County Steep Seven #7[t] Luandashan
92 Tafenshan 3070 m
10072 ft		 Hualien County, Kaohsiung City Yushan Craggy Eight #8[o]
93 Liwuzhushan 3069 m
10069 ft		 Hualien County Taroko Rocky Ten #9[h] Tacijilishan
94 Andongjunshan 3068 m
10066 ft		 Hualien County, Nantou County Gentle Ten #9[g] Andongjunshan
95 Guangtoushan 3060 m
10039 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Level Nine #8[e] Zhiyaganshan
96 Yangtoushan 3035 m
9957 ft		 Hualien County Taroko Narrow Eight #8[p]
97 Bulakesangshan 3026 m
9928 ft		 Taitung County, Hualien County Nine Walls #9[q] Wulagusanshan
98 Jupenshan 3022 m
9915 ft		 Nantou County Yushan Contiguous Six #4[u] Yumabogeshan
99 Liushunshan 2999 m
9839 ft		 Nantou County, Hualien County Level Nine #9[e]
100 Lushan 2981 m
9780 ft		 Kaohsiung City Yushan Contiguous Six #6[u]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f The Big Five are the biggest of the big in each geographical region and are a must for all Top 100 hikers.[13]
  2. ^ a b c d During Japanese rule, these three all had the character for "high" (高) in their name. This list is seldom referred to now that the mountains' names have changed.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k The Precipitous Ten list is comprised of prominent, steep peaks not included in the Big Five, Pointy Three and Ominous One.[13]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Chosen for their beautiful landscapes, gentle slope, meadows of short bamboo and lack of rock scrambling.[13]
  5. ^ a b c d Wide, flat peaks without large rocks or trees, only short bamboo. Comfortable, easy walking.[13][16]
  6. ^ a b c d These are three well-known mountains with distinct pyramid-like peaks.[13]
  7. ^ a b c d e f g These mountains have an overall smooth profile, with gentle slopes and little climbing or scrambling needed.[13]
  8. ^ a b c d These mountains have rocky peaks that require scrambling or climbing to summit.[13]
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Chosen for their size and prominence, wide peaks, gentle slope and serene nature.[13]
  10. ^ a b Qilaishan North Peak: 3607m, located along the northern end of the Central Mountain Range's central spine. The ascent is steep and difficult in parts, and the dark fragmented slate covering the western face has earned it the nickname "Black Qilai". Some sources spell Qilai "Chilai".
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h These tall peaks are very conspicuous, catching the eye more than neighboring peaks.[13]
  12. ^ a b c d e Also known as the Wuling Four Beauties or Wuling Sixiu[14] due to their proximity to Wuling Farm. Each of these four peaks has its own unique characteristics. The "Four Beauties" initially chosen by Tian-Cheng Hsing were Chiyoushan, Taoshan, Shilunshan and Kalayeshan, while Pintianshan was listed as one of the Precipitous Ten. However, since Shilunshan was not a Top 100, hikers began recognizing Pintianshan as one of the Four Beauties instead.[15]
  13. ^ a b c d These trails wind through lush green forests of tall, twisting trees and bamboo.[13]
  14. ^ a b c d Small peaks with gentle slopes that can be easily reached as part of a longer trip.[13]
  15. ^ a b c d e f These peaks jut out from the surrounding terrain and are surrounded by cliffs and difficult terrain.[13]
  16. ^ a b c d e These mountains have long narrow ridgelines with cliffs or steep slopes on both sides.[13]
  17. ^ a b c d e These mountains rise up like a wall, wide and flat, blocking the view of a large area like a screen.[13]
  18. ^ a b c d e These peaks are offshoots from another main trail, but short and not very strenuous. They are easy side trips when hiking the parent trail.[13]
  19. ^ a b c d These peaks are on distant offshoots of their mountain range and are not easily combined with other peaks in a single journey.[13]
  20. ^ a b c d e Steep mountains with cliffs and loose rocks.[13]
  21. ^ a b c d e f These peaks are near other high peaks, and can be reached along a ridge that extends down from the higher peak. They have fairly level trails, the peaks are named and there is some sort of survey marker. [13]

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References

  1. ^ a b c 臺灣百岳小史 (Short History of Taiwan's '100 Peaks'), accessed 03 June 2015.]
  2. ^ a b Lonely Planet; Robert Kelly; Chung Wah Chow (1 February 2014). Lonely Planet Taiwan. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-74321-835-8.
  3. ^ Yeh, Joseph (2011-01-31). "Fulfill your dreams while you are young, says daring hiker Lin Cheng-han". The China Post. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  4. ^ 頁面歷史: 台灣百岳, National Park Mountaineering School (History: Taiwan's Top 100), accessed 03 June 2015.
  5. ^ Huang, Chao-kuo (2007-12-24). "Taiwanese Scales World's Peaks". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  6. ^ Bartholomew, Ian (2001-08-19). "Taiwan's rivers offer vast potential for adventure". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  7. ^ Bartholomew, Ian (2013-03-20). "Mountain lore". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  8. ^ a b Chinese Taipei Alpine Association 百岳一覽表, accessed 03 June 2015.
  9. ^ Niitakayama, Mt. Morrison; Highest point of Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Chiayi County.
  10. ^ Tsugitakayama, Mt. Sylvia; Highest point of Miaoli County, Taichung City.
  11. ^ Mahuolasishan
  12. ^ Wulamengshan
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h 台灣山嶽導覽入門篇 by H領隊, accessed 03 June 2015.
  14. ^ Taiwan's Most Spectacular Hiking Trails, Wanderlust travel magazine, accessed 03 June 2015.
  15. ^ 第二世代台灣百嶽全集上冊,戶外生活圖書股份有限公司,陳遠見主編,2007年8月31日初版, ISBN 9789866994395.
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