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2006 Lebanon War

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2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
(Arab-Israeli conflict)
Part of the 2006 Middle East conflict
File:54995.jpg
An IDF M109 self-propelled howitzer fires into Southern Lebanon.
Date12 July 2006 – present
Location
Lebanon and northern Israel
Result Ongoing
Belligerents
File:Flag of Hezbollah.svg Hezbollah Israel Lebanon
note: AA only[1]
Commanders and leaders
Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General) Dan Halutz (CoS)
Udi Adam (Regional)		 Michel Sulaiman (CoS)
Casualties and losses
Militants:
32 confirmed by Hezbollah[2]
Allied militants:
8 confirmed by Amal[3]
IDF claims 200+ killed[4]

Civilians:
19 killedCite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
418 injured, 875 treated for shock[5]
Tens of thousands displaced[6]
Soldiers:
33 killed[7] 95 wounded[7]

2 captured		 Civilians:
398 killed[8]
1,661 injured
900,000 displaced[9]
Soldiers:
22 killed
63 wounded[citation needed]
(Lebanese government accounts)
Other casualties include 4 UNTSO observers killed by Israeli air raid[10]

Template:Campaignbox Arab-Israeli conflict

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The 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict is a series of ongoing military actions and clashes in northern Israel and Lebanon between Hezbollah's armed wing and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). On 12 July 2006 Hezbollah initiated Operation Truthful Promise,[11] consisting of a cross-border raid resulting in the capture of two Israeli soldiers, including shelling into Israel.[12][13] Israel then responded with Operation Just Reward,[14] later renamed Operation Change of Direction.[15] To date, Israel's strike has included massive bombing raids by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), an air and Israeli Sea Corps naval blockade of Lebanon (especially southern Lebanon and Beirut), a force of tanks and armored personnel carriers, and some small raids into southern Lebanon by IDF ground troops.[16] Meanwhile, Hezbollah has engaged in artillery rocket bombardment of Israel's northern cities and towns, including Haifa.[17]

The Lebanese government has disavowed Hezbollah's actions while urgently calling for international peacemakers to end the conflict by enforcing an immediate ceasefire.[18]

The conflict has caused a heavy civilian death toll, widespread damage, large-scale displacement of populations and the disruption of normal life across much of both Israel and Lebanon. The attacks on civilian population centers and infrastructure by both sides have sparked sharp criticism internationally.[19] [20]

See also: Military operations of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
See also: Timeline of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
See also: Roles of non-combatant State and non-State actors in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

Background

Beginning of conflict

At 9:05 AM local time (06:05 CET), on 12 July 2006, Hezbollah initiated a Katyusha rocket and mortar attack on Israeli military positions and villages of northern Israel as a diversionary tactic, injuring at least 8 Israelis according to some reports[21], and lightly injuring 5 according to others[22]. Afterwards, a ground contingent of Hezbollah militants attacked two Israeli armored Humvees on a routine patrol along the Israel-Lebanon border near the Israeli village of Zar'it with anti-tank rockets, capturing two Israeli soldiers, and killing eight.[23] According to the Lebanese police force and Hezbollah, the Israeli soldiers were attacked and captured on the Lebanese side of the border on 12 July during a mission to infiltrate the Lebanese town of Ayta al-Sha`b,[24] although remains of the Humvees were found in Israel. [25]

The IDF confirmed the capture of the two Israeli soldiers on 13 July and identified them as Ehud Goldwasser and Eldad Regev, both reservists who were on their last day of operational duty.[26] In response to this an Israeli extremist group known as the "Gilad Shalhevet Brigades" claimed to have kidnapped two palestinians and demanded their exchange in return for IDF soldiers held by Hezbollah and Hamas.[27]

Hezbollah's attack was named after a "promise" by its leader Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah to capture Israeli soldiers and swap them for Samir Kuntar and other Lebanese prisoners held by Israel.[28][29][30]

Israeli response

According to the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, Israel responded within 2 hours.

"[A] force of tanks and armored personnel carriers was immediately sent into Lebanon in hot pursuit. It was during this pursuit, at about 11:00 A.M. . . . [a] Merkava tank drove over a powerful bomb, containing an estimated 200 to 300 kilograms (440–660 Lb) of explosives, about 70 meters (230 ft) north of the border fence. The tank was almost completely destroyed, and all four crew members were killed instantly. Over the next several hours, IDF soldiers waged a fierce fight against Hezbollah gunmen . . . During the course of this battle, at about 3:00 P.M., another soldier was killed and two were lightly wounded." [31]

File:Lebanese Areas Targeted 7-15 to 7-27.jpg
Areas in Lebanon targeted by Israeli bombing, 12 July to 27 July 2006.

Hezbollah released a statement saying "Implementing our promise to free Arab prisoners in Israeli jails, our strugglers have captured two Israeli soldiers in southern Lebanon".[32] Later on, Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah declared that "No military operation will return them… The prisoners will not be returned except through one way: indirect negotiations and a trade of prisoners."[33]

According to CNN:

The Israeli Cabinet authorized "severe and harsh" retaliation on Lebanon . . . Israel's chief of staff, Lt. Gen. Dan Halutz, told Israel's Channel 10, "If the soldiers are not returned, we will turn Lebanon's clock back 20 years."[34]

According to the Washington Post:

But retired Israeli army Col. Gal Luft, a former commander in the town of Ramallah, said, "Israel is attempting to create a rift between the Lebanese population and Hezbollah supporters by exacting a heavy price from the elite in Beirut. The message is: If you want your air conditioning to work and if you want to be able to fly to Paris for shopping, you must pull your head out of the sand and take action toward shutting down Hezbollah-land."[35]

Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Olmert declared the attack by Hezbollah’s military wing an “act of war”, and promised Lebanon a “very painful and far-reaching response.”[36] Israeli Defense Minister Amir Peretz also said that “the State of Israel sees itself free to use all measures that it finds it needs, and the Israeli Forces have been given orders in that direction.”[37]

Israel said it held the Beirut government responsible for the attack, but Prime Minister Fuad Siniora denied any knowledge of the raid and stated that he did not condone it.[38] An emergency meeting of the Lebanese government reaffirmed this position.[39]

Early on 13 July 2006 Israel sent IDF jets to bomb Lebanon's international airport near Beirut, forcing its closure and diverting its arriving flights to Cyprus. Hezbollah then bombarded the Israeli towns of Nahariya and Safed, as well as villages nearby with rocket fire. The attacks killed two civilians and wounded 29 more.[40] Nahariya residents began leaving the city en masse in fear of further Katyusha attacks.[41] Israel is now imposing an air and sea blockade on Lebanon,[42][43] and has bombed the main Beirut–Damascus highway.[44]

Israel's Foreign Ministry spokesman Mark Regev claims the Hezbollah unit that captured the two soldiers is trying to transfer them to Iran.[45]

On 14 July, following Israeli bombing raids on Lebanon which result in killing 60 civilians [46] Nasrallah said, addressing Israel: "You wanted an open war, and we are heading for an open war. We are ready for it."[47] Also on 14 July, the US Congress was notified of a potential sale of $210 million worth of jet fuel to Israel. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency noted that the sale of the JP-8 fuel, should it be completed, will "enable Israel to maintain the operational capability of its aircraft inventory." and "The jet fuel will be consumed while the aircraft is in use to keep peace and security in the region."[48]

Israel Defense Forces Chief of Staff Dan Halutz said that the ground operations would be limited.[49]

On 23 July 2006, Israeli land forces crossed into Lebanon in the Maroun al-Ras area, which overlooks several other sites said to have been used as launch pads for Hezbollah rockets.[50]

It was reported on 24 July that the United States was in the process of providing Israel with "bunker buster" bombs, which would allegedly be used to target the leader of Lebanon's Hezbollah guerrilla group and destroy its trenches.[51]

On 25 July Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah's secretary general, said the Israeli onslaught was an attempt by the US and Israel to "impose a new Middle East" in which Lebanon would be under US hegemony.[7]

On 25 July IDF forces attacked Bint Jbeil, the most important shiite city near the border[8]. Some sources claimed they entered the city[9], but the battle continued for several days. On 27 July a deadly clash happened in city and 8 Israeli soldiers and some of the Hezbollah militias were killed.[10] Finally IDF withdrew from this area on 29 July.[11]

The EU has warned Israel about disproportionate attacks against Lebanon.[52][53][54] In addition spokespersons from the United Nations, the European Union, the Organization of Islamic Conference and an assortment of human rights organizations have condemned Israel for its ‘disproportionate’ response to Hezbollah’s attacks, although unprovoked by Israel.[55] However, speaking on Israeli army radio, Justice Minister Haim Ramon - a close confidant of Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert - said "everyone understands that a victory for Hezbollah is a victory for world terror". He said that in order to prevent casualties amongst Israeli soldiers battling Hezbollah militants in southern Lebanon, villages should be flattened by the Israeli air force before ground troops move in. "All those now in south Lebanon are terrorists who are related in some way to Hezbollah," Mr Ramon said. [56] Mr Ramon's call for the use of greater firepower came as the Israeli cabinet was set to decide whether to broaden its military offensive.

See also: Jiyeh power station oil leak

The Lebanese environment minister has said that effects of a strike of a power station in Lebanon, and the following oil leak have had bad effects and "It's without doubt the biggest environmental catastrophe that the Mediterranean has known." [57]

Hezbollah rocket campaign

File:Nasrallah on al-Manar television.jpg
Nasrallah on al-Manar television.
Map showing some of the Israeli localities attacked by rockets fired from Lebanese soil as of Monday 24 July.

After the Israeli initial response, Hezbollah declared an all-out military alert, and said it had 13,000 rockets capable of hitting towns and installations far into northern Israel. As a result, Defense Minister Peretz told commanders to prepare civil defense plans and many of the nearly 1,000,000 civilians living in Northern Israel have been sent to bomb shelters or fled their homes to other parts of the country.[58][59][60] Hezbollah continued to fire hundreds of Katyusha rockets into northern Israel's towns and cities, including Nahariya, Safed, Hatzor HaGlilit, Rosh Pina, Kiryat Shmona, and Karmiel, and numerous small agricultural villages.[61][62][63][64]

Hezbollah attacks have penetrated as far south as Haifa, Israel's third largest city, as well as Atlit and the Jezreel Valley cities of Nazareth and Afula. Al-Manar has reported that the Hezbollah attack included a Fajr-3 and a Ra'ad 1 liquid-fuel missiles, developed by Iran.[65][66] One of the attacks hit a railroad repair depot, killing eight workers; Hezbollah claimed that this attack was aimed at a large Israeli fuel storage plant adjacent to the railway facility. The plant has not been hit to date. Haifa is home to many strategically valuable facilities such as shipyards and oil refineries, and their targeting by Hezbollah is seen as an escalation.[67] [68]

CNN reported that many of the rockets that missed hitting cities or populated areas often caused wildfire (forest fire) inside Northern Israel.

Defence Minister Amir Peretz has declared martial law throughout northern Israel.[69]

So far, Israeli Magen David Adom emergency teams have been called to 505 rocket landing sites in which they have treated and evacuated 976 casualties (36 fatalities, 19 severely, 39 moderately and 278 lightly injured, and 604 anxiety attacks). [70]

On 25 July Nasrallah has announced the launch of the "second phase of our struggle" in which his long-range rockets would "go beyond Haifa," Israel's third-largest city. Israeli officials have been bracing for possible rocket attacks on Tel Aviv, which would mark a major escalation in the conflict.[12] The threat has not been carried out to date, but on 27 July Hezbollah did launch 12 Khaibar-1 rockets (Hezbollah designation) at the Israeli town of Afula, which was already hit before. The Khaibar-1 rocket is estimated as having 4 times the power and range of the Katyusha rockets Hezbollah had, up to that point, used, and is thought to be Iranian made Fajr-5 type rockets by the Israeli government. The use of more powerful rockets was seen as yet another escalation in the 18 day old conflict.[citation needed]

On 26 July 2006, 60 Iranian volunteers and Basijis set off to join in what they termed a holy war against Israel in Lebanon[71]. The 60 men prayed near Ayatollah Khomeini's mausoleum next to Hezbollah flags prior to departing. The Iranian government has said that it won't deploy regular military personnel.

The Israeli newspaper Haaretz writes, "Hezbollah's goals are simple, perhaps even attainable. Continuing the rocket fire, preventing Lebanon from becoming a step in the American vision for a new Middle East, and preventing its own disarmament. The group has no intention of renouncing its weapons in any cease-fire. "[72]

Targeting of civilian areas

Main article: Targeting of civilian areas in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

The alleged targeting of civilian areas in Israel and Lebanon by combatants on both sides has figured prominently in the conflict. Over one-third (18 civilians out of 51 dead) of Israeli casualties, and a majority (423 civilians out of 462 dead) of Lebanese casualties, have been civilians.[73]

In order to resolve article size issues, this entire section and subsections has been moved to Targeting of civilian areas in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, please read the talk page of this article, and please visit the main page for this section.

Historical background

See also: 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict § More background
See also: Roles of non-combatant State and non-State actors in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

Israeli-Lebanon conflict

The history of conflict between Israel and Lebanon began in 1947, when Lebanon's founding Prime Minister Riad as-Solh sparked the Arab League decision to enter the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and sent his army into Palestine. The army was defeated, and retreated back into Lebanon, where it signed an armistice that lasted until shortly after the 1967 Six Day War. [citation needed] After the war, and following the Black September in Jordan, over 110,000 Palestinian refugees migrated to Lebanon, making up over 400,000 refugees today. [74]. By 1975, they numbered more than 300,000, creating an informal state-within-a-state in South Lebanon. The PLO became a powerful force and played an important role in the Lebanese Civil War. In response to numerous attacks launched from southern Lebanon, Israel invaded in 1978 in an attempt to rout out Palestinian militants. As a result the United Nations passed UN Resolutions 425 and 426, which called for the immediate withdrawal of Israeli forces and an end to military action in Lebanon.[75] At the end of the operation, Israeli forces withdrew from Lebanon, leaving behind a UNIFIL force. Israel invaded again four years later in 1982, forcing PLO forces out of Lebanon (mostly to Tunisia), and Israel occupied the southern part of the country. In 1985, Israel withdrew its forces from parts of Lebanon and remained in a 4–6 kilometre (2.5–3.75 mi) deep[76] strip of southern Lebanon named by Israel “The Security Zone”, which Israel cited as a protective measure to defend its Northern towns against Katyusha rockets. This occupation lasted until 2000. On 24 May2000 after the collapse of the South Lebanon Army and the rapid advance of Hezbollah forces, Israel withdrew its troops from southern Lebanon.

Since then, Hezbollah has repeatedly attacked Israeli military positions, whilst Israel has carried out numerous attacks aimed at striking Hezbollah bases (see: Hezbollah activities).[77]

Previous prisoner exchanges

See also: Israeli MIA prisoner exchanges

During an attack in October 2000 on Shebaa Farms Hezbollah captured three IDF soldiers who were killed either during the operation or in its immediate aftermath. Hezbollah sought to obtain the release of 14 Lebanese prisoners in exchange, together with Palestinian prisoners.[78] A prisoner swap was carried out on 29 January 2004: 30 Lebanese and Arab prisoners, the remains of 59 Lebanese militants and civilians, 400 Palestinian prisoners, and maps showing Israeli mines in South Lebanon were exchanged for an Israeli businessman and army reserve colonel Elchanan Tenenbaum captured in 2000 in a business trip, and the remains of the three IDF soldiers mentioned above.[79]

Casualties

The ongoing nature of the conflict does not permit an accurate assessment of the precise number of casualties.

Lebanese

  • According to various media, between 350 and 600 people are reported dead. Additionally, there have been between 480 and 1100 people wounded, and over 800,000 have been made refugees, with an unknown number of missing civilians in the south. [80][81][82][83]
  • On 28 July Lebanese Health Minister Mohammad Khalifeh announced that hospitals in Lebanon had received 401 dead Lebanese people since 12 July. He also reportedly said: "On top of those victims, there are 150 to 200 bodies still under the rubble. We have not been able to pull them out because the areas they died in are still under fire".[84]
  • Hezbollah acknowledges 27 killed.[85][86] IDF Chief of Staff Lt. General Dan Halutz has claimed that close to 100 Hezbollah fighters have been killed at 22 July, in land fighting in South Lebanon.[87] However he provided no evidence for the claim.

Israeli

File:Apache channel10.jpg
Crashed IAF Apache
  • 33 Israeli soldiers have been killed (including one pilot, killed in a collision between two helicopters, and two in another helicopter crash, also 4 sailors were killed after INS Hanit was hit), and 95 more wounded.[88][7]
  • 19 civilians have been killedCite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page)., while another 418 civilians were treated in hospitals, 19 of whom were seriously injured, and another 875 treated for shock.[5] Many civilians have left their homes in northern Israel and went south. Some Israeli cities and villages near the Israeli-Lebanese border have been deserted, such as Kiryat Shmona and Nahariya, from fear of rockets and mortar fire.
  • Over 1,200,000 Israeli civilians were evacuated to shelters and other safe locations in fear of Hezbollah's rocket attacks. Over 1600 have been fired by Hezbollah on Israel leaving over 600 buildings in damaged condition.

Foreign nationals

  • Seven Canadian members of a family from Montreal, including four children, were killed and six severely injured by an Israeli attack on Aitaroun in South Lebanon on 16 July. An eighth member of the family died later from injuries sustained in the blast.[89]
  • A family of four Brazilians, including two children, was killed in the Israeli bombings in Srifa,[90] drawing condemnation from foreign relations minister Celso Amorim.[91] Another Brazilian child was killed in an Israeli strike in Tallousa.[92]
  • Four members of a German-Lebanese family, including two minors, from Mönchengladbach, Germany were killed in an Israeli airstrike in Chehour in southern Lebanon while on vacation.[93][94]
  • The Kuwaiti Foreign Ministry has reported that two Kuwaiti nationals have been killed by Israeli bombing.[95]
  • One Sri Lankan was killed in an Israeli bombing.[88]
  • A Nigerian couple was killed by Israeli bombing..[13]
  • One Iraqi was killed by Israeli bombing.[88]
  • One Jordanian was killed when Israeli missiles hit trucks near Zahleh in the mountains above the eastern Bekaa Valley.[88]
  • A Brazilian businessman was killed in an IAF missile attack on a factory he owned in Lebanon.[96]
  • A Palestinian was killed in an Israeli bombing that hit a Palestinian refugee camp at Rashidiyeh.
  • An Argentinean woman died 13 July in a Hezbollah rocket attack on Nahariya, Israel.[97]
  • A Nigerian domestic worker was killed during an airstrike as he rode his motorbike south of Tyre on 27 July.[98]
  • An Indian glass factory worker in Lebanon, Devendra Kumar Swain was killed on 21 July.[99]

United Nations

Main article: Attacks on United Nations personnel during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
  • A UNIFIL international civilian staff member and his wife were killed after an IAF airstrike on the Hosh area of Tyre where they lived on 17 July. Their bodies were recovered from the rubble on 26 July.[100]
  • Four UNTSO unarmed observers (Austrian, Canadian, Chinese and Finnish) were killed in an Israeli air raid on 25 July.

Position of Lebanon

Main article: Position of Lebanon in the 2006 Isreal-Lebanon conflict

While Israel holds the Lebanese government responsible for the Hezbollah attacks, Lebanon disavows the Hezbollah raids and states it does not condone them.[38] An emergency meeting of the Lebanese government reaffirmed this position.[39] Almost immediately after hostilities began, Lebanon's Prime Minister Fouad Siniora called for a ceasefire. On 14 July, following a phone call between Siniora and President Bush, the Prime Minister’s office issued the statement that “Prime Minister Siniora called on President Bush to exert all his efforts on Israel to stop its aggression on Lebanon, reach a comprehensive ceasefire and lift its blockade.”[101]

The next day, in a televised message to the Lebanese people, and afterwards in an interview with CNN, Siniora said “We call for an immediate ceasefire backed by the United Nations.”[102]

Negotiations for ceasefire

Main article: Negotiations for ceasefire in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

Terms for a ceasefire have been drawn and revised several times, yet have not been successfully agreed upon by the two sides. Hezbollah has maintained that it insists on an unconditional ceasefire [103], while Israel has insisted that it will agree to a ceasefire only under certain conditions, including the return of two captured Israeli soldiers.

International reaction

Lebanese protest in Sydney
Main article: International reactions to the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

International reactions to the conflict have included widespread concern over current damage and over the possible escalation of the crisis, as well as mixed support and criticism of both Hezbollah and Israel.[104] A number of nations, including the United States,[105] United Kingdom, Germany, France and Canada, have asserted Israel's right to self-defense. Still others have criticized Israel's response,which they fear may lead to war. According to Reuters and the New York Times, The Bush administration also authorized the expedited processing and shipment of precision-guided bombs to Israel to support the Israeli campaign, but did not announce the shipment publically. [106]


Neighboring Middle Eastern nations have been split in their response. Iran, Syria and Yemen have voice strong support for Hezbollah,[107] and the Arab League has issued a statement condemning Israel's response. By contrast, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan criticized Hezbollah's actions [108], as well as Iran and Syria for extending support to the organization. [109]

Protests and demonstrations have been held worldwide, in support of or opposition to Israel's or Hezbollah's actions.

Various foreign governments have stepped in to assist in the evacuation of civilians [110] of their citizens from Lebanon. One such operation is Operation Sukoon.

See also

News and analysis

Independent

Pro-Israeli

Pro-Lebanese

Frontline photographs

Warning: the following links contain graphic wartime imagery.

Template:Unverifiable-external-links

Frontline blogs

Israeli blogs

Lebanese blogs

  • BloggingBeirut.com — Finkployd's and other's regular war dispatches from Beirut, as featured in the New York Times[111]
  • Live from Lebanon Diaries — "Commentary, analysis, human rights and development information, and diaries from on the ground"
  • Lebanese Political Journal — In-depth analysis on the political situation in Lebanon
  • Beirut Spring — Personal commentary on the conflict, "trying to understand post-Syrian Lebanese politics and society"
  • Lebanon News Live — Minute by minute account of the conflict, covering both sides. Constantly updated

References

  1. ^ "Lebanese Army Seen As Key to Mideast Peace". Associated Press. 2006-07-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ "Hezbollah's news website (latest updates)". Moqawama. 2006-07-24.
  3. ^ "Israeli troops suffer largest one-day loss". CNN. 2006-07-27.
  4. ^ "IDF: Some 200 Hezbollah men killed". Haaretz. 2006-07-28.
  5. ^ a b "Some 1,300 Israelis hurt since fighting began". Ynetnews. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Dazed Refugees Flood Beirut
  7. ^ a b c "13 IDF casualties reported in Bint Jbeil". YnetNews. 2006-07-25. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Cite error: The named reference "KBCI2" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ "Israel vows to avoid Hezbollah trap". CNN. 2006-07-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ [1]
  10. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5217176.stm
  11. ^ "Escaping Lebanon". Porterville Recorde. 2006-07-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Hezbollah Raid Boosts Group's Image
  13. ^ "It's war by any other name". 2006-07-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "publisherAsia Times" ignored (help)
  14. ^ "Israel for rules change in south Lebanon". United Press International. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ "Israel to Lebanon: No to ceasefire". Ynetnews.com. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  17. ^ "Rockets fired at Meron, Safed; no injuries". Ynet. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ "Middle East Situation; Siniora Addresses Lebanese People (transcript)". CNN. 2006-07-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  21. ^ "Hezbollah Captures Two Israeli Soldiers". NPR. 2006-07-12.
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  26. ^ "Kidnapped soldier's kin: Stop the killing". CNN. 2006-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ "Extremist group: We kidnapped 2 Palestinians". YNetNews.com. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ "Press Conference with Hasan Nasrallah". Al-Manar. 2006-07-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ Hezbollah Raid Boosts Group's Image
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  33. ^ Hizbullah leader calls for prisoner exchange
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  35. ^ [3]
  36. ^ "Regional tensions fuel Lebanon-Israel clashes". MSNBC. 2006-07-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  37. ^ "Tel Aviv: Lebanon govt held responsible for attack". United Press International.
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  39. ^ a b "Siniora's Cabinet makes clear it had nothing to do with 'what happened'". Daily Star (Lebanon). 2006-06-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ "Woman killed in Hizbullah attack in Nahariya". Jerusalem Post. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  42. ^ "Israel Imposing Blockade on Lebanon". Associated Press. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ "Israel targets Hezbollah stronghold in Beirut suburb; IAF attacks Beirut airport, Hezbollah TV station". Haaretz. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  44. ^ "Bombing highways out of Beirut". BBC News. 2006-07-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ "Hizbullah wants soldiers moved to Iran". Jerusalem Post. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ^ Hezbollah leader vows 'open war'
  47. ^ "Israeli Attacks Increase; Hezbollah Vows 'Open War'". NPR. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  48. ^ Defense Security Cooperation Agency news release 14 July 2006, Transmittal No. 06-40, [4]
  49. ^ "Halutz: Ground operations will be limited in scope". Haaretz. 2006-07-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ "Israel 'seizes' Hezbollah village". BBC News. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  51. ^ Israel to get U.S. "bunker buster" bombs - report, Reuters, 24 July, 2006
  52. ^ Middle East: EU Rues Israel's 'Disproportionate Action'
  53. ^ EU concerned over Israel's 'disproportionate' force
  54. ^ European Parliament groups express 'alarm' over Israel war
  55. ^ Malignant Neglect
  56. ^ "World 'backs Lebanon offensive'". July 27, 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |pub= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  57. ^ "Lebanon oil slick 'worst environmental disaster' in Med". AFP. 2006-07-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  58. ^ "Israeli Couple Weds in Bomb Shelter". Associated Press. 2006-07-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  59. ^ "Israel battles militants on two fronts". Reuters. 2006-07-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  60. ^ "14 people remain hospitalized in Ziv hospital in Safed". Ynetnews. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  61. ^ "Safed: Man seriously injured in Katyusha attack". Ynet. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  62. ^ "Anxious northern Israel endures rocket fire". CNN. {{cite news}}: Text "date2006-07-14" ignored (help)
  63. ^ "Katyusha rockets hit Galilee". Ynetnews. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  64. ^ "Northern Israel under attack; missile fired at Haifa". Ynetnews. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  65. ^ "Hezbollah rockets kill 9 in Israeli city". Associated Press. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  66. ^ "Hizbullah: One of the rockets is a Ra'ad 1". Ynet. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  67. ^ "2 wounded in Hezbollah strike on Haifa". The News-Sentinel. 2006-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  68. ^ "Israel hammers at Lebanese infrastructure". The Associated Press. {{cite news}}: Text "2006-07-17" ignored (help)
  69. ^ "Martial law declared in the North". Jerusalem Post. 2006-07-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  70. ^ "Mada daily report". MDA spokesman. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  71. ^ "Iranian volunteers set off for Lebanon"26 July 2006
  72. ^ Hezbollah wants cease-fire without disarmament
  73. ^ "US 'outrage' over Israeli claims". BBC News. 2006-07-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  74. ^ CIA Factbook
  75. ^ "Lebanon — UNIFIL Background". United Nations. 2005. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
  76. ^ Israel-Lebanon border, June 1982
  77. ^ "Israeli jets hit Lebanon targets". BBC News Online. 2004-01-20. Retrieved 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  78. ^ "Factfile: Hezbollah". Aljazeera. 2006-07-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  79. ^ "Israel, Hezbollah swap prisoners". CNN. 2004-01-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  80. ^ "Lebanon 'torn to shreds'". Al Jazeera. 2006-07-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  81. ^ "Lebanon shudders under deadly strikes as toll soars". AFP. 2006-07-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  82. ^ Dozens die in fresh Lebanon raids, BBC News Wednesday, 19 July 2006
  83. ^ "Crude Oil Rises From One-Week Low as Lebanon Conflict Continues". Bloomberg. 2006-07-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  84. ^ "WRAPUP 14-Lebanon says up to 600 killed in Israel's assault". Reuters. 2006-07-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  85. ^ "Israel 'to control Lebanon strip'". BBC. 2006-07-25. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  86. ^ "Israeli Forces Gather at Border". Washington Post. 2006-07-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  87. ^ IAF strikes religious building in southern Lebanon, 4 wounded
  88. ^ a b c d "Mideast Casualties at a Glance". Associated Press. 2006-07-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  89. ^ "Eight Canadians killed in Lebanon: Ottawa". Reuters. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  90. ^ Template:Pt icon "Itamaraty confirma morte de brasileiros no Líbano". Globo. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  91. ^ Template:Es icon "IBrasil consternado por ataque que mató a cuatro brasileños en el Líbano". La Tercera. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  92. ^ Template:Pt icon "Leia íntegra do Itamaraty sobre morte de criança brasileira no Líbano". Folha de S. Paulo. 2006-07-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  93. ^ Template:De icon "Deutsch-libanesische Familie umgekommen". Süddeutsche Zeitung. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  94. ^ Template:De icon "Urlauber getötet". n-tv.de. 2006-07-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  95. ^ "Israel targets Lebanese air bases, Kuwaiti nationals among dead and UN prepares envoy to Region". The Daily Star. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  96. ^ "Two more Brazilians killed in Israeli strikes in Lebanon". People's Daily. 2006-07-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  97. ^ Template:Es icon "Naharía, la ciudad del norte israelí donde una argentina murió bajo fuego de Hezbollah". Clarín. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  98. ^ "Israel decides not to expand Lebanon offensive (Roundup)". Monsters & Critics. 2006-07-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  99. ^ "First Indian casualty in Lebanon". The Tribune, Chandigarh, India. 2006-07-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  100. ^ http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/pr03.pdf UNIFIL Press Release, Naqoura, 17 July 2006. Details on recovery of bodies in http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/pr010.pdf UNIFIL Press Release, Naqoura, 26 July 2006.
  101. ^ "Lebanon says Bush to press Israel to limit attacks". Reuters. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  102. ^ "Lebanese PM demands ceasefire". ABC News. 2006-07-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  103. ^ "Hezbollah wants an unconditional ceasefire". 2006-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  104. ^ Developments in Israel-Lebanon Crisis
  105. ^ Office of the Press Secretary (2006-07-13). "President Bush and German Chancellor Merkel Participate in Press Availability". The White House. Retrieved 2006-07-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  106. ^ Reuters (2006-07-22). "US Rushes Precision-Guided Bobms to Israel". Reuters. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  107. ^ Arabs divided over Hezbollah's role in Lebanon crisis - Deutsche Presse-Agentur - 15 July 2006
  108. ^ [5]
  109. ^ [6]
  110. ^ "Lebanon evacuation gathers pace". BBC News. 2006-07-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  111. ^ Tom Zeller Jr. (2006-07-24). "Anne Frank 2006: War Diaries Online". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

More background

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