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Saint Ann Parish

Coordinates: 18°12′00″N 77°28′01″W / 18.200°N 77.467°W / 18.200; -77.467
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18°12′00″N 77°28′01″W / 18.200°N 77.467°W / 18.200; -77.467

Saint Ann
Location latitude 18°12'N,
longitude 77°28'W
Capital Town Saint Ann's Bay
Major towns Saint Ann's Bay, Ocho Rios, Brown's Town,
Runaway Bay, Claremont
Bordering Parishes Saint Mary, Trelawny, Clarendon, Saint Catherine
County Middlesex
Area 1,212.6 km2 (468.2 sq mi)[notes 1]
Rank Jamaica's largest parish[2][notes 1]
Population 172,997 (mid-year 2012 estimate)[5]
Commerce Tourism, Agriculture
Bauxite Mining, Manufacturing

Saint Ann is the largest parish in Jamaica.[2][notes 1] It is situated on the north coast of the island, in the county of Middlesex, roughly halfway between the eastern and western ends of the island. It is often called "the Garden Parish of Jamaica" on account of its natural floral beauty. Its capital is Saint Ann's Bay. Saint Ann comprises New Seville, the first Spanish Settlement in Jamaica.

Saint Ann is the birthplace of reggae singers Floyd Lloyd, Burning Spear, Busy Signal, Bryan Art, Chezidek, Shabba Ranks, Justin Hinds and Bob Marley. Marcus Mosiah Garvey, one of seven Jamaican National Heroes, was also born there.

History

St. Ann is one of the oldest populated areas in the island of Jamaica tracing back to 600–650 A.D. It is believed to be the earliest Taino/Arawak settlement in Jamaica. When Christopher Columbus first came to Jamaica in 1494, he landed on the shores of St. Ann at Discovery Bay, Jamaica. He returned to Jamaica on his fourth voyage and was eventually marooned for one year at St. Ann's Bay (June 1503 – June 1504), which he called Santa Gloria. The first Spanish settlement in Jamaica was also at Sevilla la Nueva, now called Seville, just to the west of St. Ann's Bay. Established by Juan de Esquivel, the first Spanish Governor of Jamaica, St. Ann's Bay became the third capital established by Spain in the Americas. The first sugar mills were established by the Spaniards in Sevilla la Nueva before 1526.

After 1655, when the English captured Jamaica, St. Ann's Bay gradually developed as a fishing port with many warehouses and wharves. The parish of St. Ann was later named after Lady Anne Hyde the first wife of King James II of England. Ocho Rios began to develop as a modern town and a favourite tourist destination in Jamaica. Its development commenced when Reynolds Jamaica Mines built a deep-water pier, west of the town to ship bauxite ore from the mines.

In the 1960s the St. Ann Development Council began the systematic development of Ocho Rios creating a modern town.

Geography

The parish is located at latitude 18°12'N, longitude 77°28'W. It is bordered by Clarendon and Saint Catherine in the south, Saint Mary in the east, and Trelawny in the west. As with all but one parish, its coast is washed by the Caribbean Sea. St. Ann covers an area of 1,212.6 km², making it the largest parish, before Saint Elizabeth's 1,212.4 km². The population was an estimated at 172,997 for mid-year 2012. Besides St. Ann's Bay, other important towns located in St. Ann are Discovery Bay, Brown's Town, and Ocho Rios.

The highest elevation in the parish is in the Dry Harbour Mountains at 762 metres above sea level. Because of its limestone formation, the parish is noted for its 59 caves and numerous sinkholes. The Moneague Lake, which varies considerably in size, is one of the few large intermittent lakes in the island. The boundary between St. Ann and St. Mary is formed by the White River, which flows for 27.4 kilometres. Other rivers like the Dunn's River appear intermittently, rising a few kilometres from the coast. The names of the main rivers are Negro, St. Ann, Great, Roaring, Cave and Pedro (see List of rivers of Jamaica).

Economy

Agriculture

Main article: Economy of Jamaica § Agriculture

The agricultural products are mainly bananas, allspice/pimento, sugar, coconuts, coffee, limes, corn, ginger, sweet potatoes, sensimilia yam, and annatto. The soil is also suitable for citrus and, sisal is cultivated in the drier areas. The parish is also noted for cattle rearing, horses and hogs (swine). Recently, however, agriculture has been on the decline as farmland is being used for housing and other developments and the cultivated area has decreased.

Tourism

Main article: Economy of Jamaica § Tourism

The major economic activity in the parish is tourism. St. Ann is one of the major tourist destinations of Jamaica, given that Dunn's River Falls and many popular beaches, like Puerto Seco Beach, are located there. There is a cruise ship dock (maritime) on the west shore of Ocho Rios Bay, and numerous hotels and resorts (including a Sandals Resort) are located in and around the city. It is also the birthplace/resting place for Bob Marley (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981).

Commerce

Banks and supermarkets along with some restaurants make up the rest of the economy. The farmers market where small farmers and food vendors operate is also a source of employment for the locals.

High schools

Main articles: Education in Jamaica and List of schools in Jamaica § Saint Ann
  • Ferncourt High School
  • York Castle High School
  • St. Hilda's High School
  • Ocho Rios High School
  • Marcus Garvey Technical High School
  • Brown's Town High School
  • Aabuthnott Gallimore High School
  • St. Ann's Bay High School (private)
  • Prospect College (private semi-military)

Correctional centres

Main article: List of prisons in Jamaica

The Hill Top Juvenile Correctional Centre, operated by the Department of Correctional Services, Jamaica, is located in Bamboo and has a capacity for 98.[6]

The Armadale Juvenile Correctional Centre for girls was located in Alexandria but on 22 May 2009 a fire went through the facility, killing 5 girls and injuring 13 more.[7] The replacement facility is located in Diamond Crest Villa near Alligator Pond in Manchester Parish.[7]

The Parish also contains the historic Saint Ann's Bay Old Jail, perhaps the first prison in Jamaica.

Attractions

Natural

  • Dunn's River Falls
  • Green Grotto Caves
  • Ocho Rios Marine Park
  • Fern Gully
  • Shaw Park Gardens
  • Coyaba River Garden
  • Puerto Seco Beach
  • Chukka Cove Adventures
  • White River Rafting
  • Dolphin Cove
  • Cranbrook Flower Forrest
  • Mystic Mountain[8]

Historic

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c The title of largest parish in Jamaica has caused some confusion. The parishes of St. Catherine, Saint Elizabeth or St. Ann are usually ranked as the largest, depending on the source. The Gleaner, one of the nations most reputable newspapers, lists St. Catherine as the largest with an area of 1,260 sq km, St. Ann as the second largest with 1200 sq km, and St. Elizabeth third with 1,185 km².[1] However, The Jamaica Library Service database ranks St. Ann the largest with an area of 1212.6 km²,[2][dead link‍] St. Elizabeth second with 1212.4 km²,[3][dead link‍] and St. Catherine third with 1192.4 km².[4][dead link‍]

References

  1. ^ "Geography and History of Jamaica". The Jamaica Gleaner. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  2. ^ a b c "Saint Ann". Jamaica Library Services. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  3. ^ "St. Elizabeth". Jamaica Library Services. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  4. ^ "St. Catherine". Jamaica Library Services. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  5. ^ "Population by Parish". This is calculated from the 2011 census using an intercensal growth model.
  6. ^ "Juvenile Correctional Centres". The Department of Correctional Services, Jamaica. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Armadale girls get fresh start - New home at Diamond Crest, Manchester". The Gleaner. 31 May 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  8. ^ Jamaican Attraction Among 50 Essential Travel Experiences
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