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Mathematics and fiber arts

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A Möbius strip scarf made from crochet.

Ideas from Mathematics have been used as inspiration for fiber arts including quilt making, knitting, cross-stitch, crochet, embroidery and weaving. A wide range of mathematical concepts have been used as inspiration including topology, graph theory, number theory and algebra. Some techniques such as counted-thread embroidery are naturally geometrical; other kinds of textile provide a ready means for the colorful physical expression of mathematical concepts.

Quilting

Main article: quilt

The IEEE Spectrum has organized a number of competitions on quilt block design, and several books have been published on the subject. Notable quiltmakers include Diana Venters and Elaine Ellison, who have written a book on the subject Mathematical Quilts: No Sewing Required. Examples of mathematical ideas used in the book as the basis of a quilt include the golden rectangle, conic sections, Leonardo da Vinci's Claw, the Koch curve, the Clifford torus, San Gaku, Mascheroni's cardioid, Pythagorean triples, spidrons, and the six trigonometric functions.[1]

Knitting and crochet

Cross-stitch counted-thread embroidery

Knitted mathematical objects include the Platonic solids, Klein bottles and Boy's surface. The Lorenz manifold and the hyperbolic plane have been crafted using crochet.[2][3] Knitted and crocheted tori have also been constructed depicting toroidal embeddings of the complete graph K7 and of the Heawood graph.[4] The crocheting of hyperbolic planes has been popularized by the Institute For Figuring; a book by Daina Taimina on the subject, Crocheting Adventures with Hyperbolic Planes, won the 2009 Bookseller/Diagram Prize for Oddest Title of the Year.[5]

Embroidery

File:Florentine.png
Two Bargello patterns

Embroidery techniques such as counted-thread embroidery[6] including cross-stitch and some canvas work methods such as Bargello (needlework) make use of the natural pixels of the weave, lending themselves to geometric designs.[7][8]

Weaving

Ada Dietz (1882 – 1950) was an American weaver best known for her 1949 monograph Algebraic Expressions in Handwoven Textiles, which defines weaving patterns based on the expansion of multivariate polynomials.[9]

J. C. P. Miller (1970) used the Rule 90 cellular automaton to design tapestries depicting both trees and abstract patterns of triangles.[10]

Spinning

Margaret Greig was a mathematician who articulated the mathematics of worsted spinning.[11]

Fashion design

The silk scarves from DMCK Designs' 2013 collection are all based on Douglas McKenna's space-filling curve patterns.[12] The designs are either generalized Peano curves, or based on a new space-filling construction technique.[13][14]

The Issey Miyake Fall-Winter 2010–2011 ready-to-wear collection featured designs from a collaboration between fashion designer Dai Fujiwara and mathematician William Thurston. The designs were inspired by Thurston's geometrization conjecture, the statement that every 3-manifold can be decomposed into pieces with one of eight different uniform geometries, a proof of which had been sketched in 2003 by Grigori Perelman as part of his proof of the Poincaré conjecture.[15]

References

  1. ^ Ellison, Elaine; Venters, Diana (1999). Mathematical Quilts: No Sewing Required. Key Curriculum. ISBN 1-55953-317-X..
  2. ^ Henderson, David; Taimina, Daina (2001), "Crocheting the hyperbolic plane" (PDF), Mathematical Intelligencer, 23 (2): 17–28, doi:10.1007/BF03026623}.
  3. ^ Osinga, Hinke M,; Krauskopf, Bernd (2004), "Crocheting the Lorenz manifold", Mathematical Intelligencer, 26 (4): 25–37, doi:10.1007/BF02985416{{citation}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link).
  4. ^ belcastro, sarah-marie; Yackel, Carolyn (2009), "The seven-colored torus: mathematically interesting and nontrivial to construct", in Pegg, Ed, Jr.; Schoen, Alan H.; Rodgers, Tom (eds.), Homage to a Pied Puzzler, AK Peters, pp. 25–32{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link).
  5. ^ Bloxham, Andy (March 26, 2010), "Crocheting Adventures with Hyperbolic Planes wins oddest book title award", The Telegraph.
  6. ^ Gillow, John, and Bryan Sentance. World Textiles, Little, Brown, 1999.
  7. ^ Snook, Barbara. Florentine Embroidery. Scribner, Second edition 1967.
  8. ^ Williams, Elsa S. Bargello: Florentine Canvas Work. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1967.
  9. ^ Dietz, Ada K. (1949), Algebraic Expressions in Handwoven Textiles (PDF), Louisville, Kentucky: The Little Loomhouse
  10. ^ Miller, J. C. P. (1970), "Periodic forests of stunted trees", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 266 (1172): 63–111, Bibcode:1970RSPTA.266...63M, doi:10.1098/rsta.1970.0003, JSTOR 73779
  11. ^ Catharine M. C. Haines (2001), International Women in Science, ABC-CLIO, p. 118, ISBN 9781576070901
  12. ^ "Space-Filling Curves". DMCK. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  13. ^ McKenna, Douglas (24 July 2007). "The 7 Curve, Carpets, Quilts, and Other Asymmetric, Square-Filling, Threaded Tile Designs". Bridges Donostia: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture. The Bridges Organization. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  14. ^ McKenna, Douglas (28 July 2008). "Designing Symmetric Peano Curve Tiling Patterns with Escher-esque Foreground/Background Ambiguity" (PDF). Bridges Leeuwarden: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture. The Bridges Organization. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  15. ^ Barchfield, Jenny (March 5, 2010), Fashion and Advanced Mathematics Meet at Miyake, ABC News.

Further reading

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