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Batkivshchyna
LeaderYulia Tymoshenko[1][2]
FoundedJuly 9, 1999 (1999-07-09)[3]
HeadquartersKiev
Youth wingThe young activists of Batkivshchyna[4]
IdeologyLiberal conservatism[5]
Conservatism[6][7][8]
Pro-Europeanism[5][7]
Political positionCentre-right[7][9]
European affiliationEuropean People's Party (observer)[10][11]
International affiliationInternational Democrat Union (associate)[12]
ColoursCrimson
SloganWe Will Stop Them (2012 Elections), Many Parties, One Batkivshchyna (2012)[13]
Seats in Verkhovna Rada
19 / 450
[14]
Regions (2010)
351 / 3,056
[15]
Kiev City Council
3 / 120
Website
http://ba.org.ua

All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" or Batkivshchyna (Template:Lang-uk) is a political party in Ukraine, led by Yulia Tymoshenko.[1]

As the core party of the former Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc, Batkivshchyna has had representation in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) since Yulia Tymoshenko set up the parliamentary faction Batkivshchyna in March 1999.[16][17][18] Since 2008 "Batkivshchyna" is an associate member of European People's Party.[19] After the November 2011 banning of the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections[20] "Fatherland" became a major force in Ukrainian politics independently.[21]Yulia Tymoshenko was a political prisoner of Yanukovych regime since August 5, 2011 until February 22, 2014. Rehabilitated by the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights in the absence of crime structure.[22][23][24] Since the participation of blocks of political parties in the parliamentary elections in 2012 was banned, "Batkivshchyna" ("Motherland") held a campaign called "United opposition Batkivshchyna" and advanced on its behalf members of other parties-allies of "Batkivshchyna"; party list was headed by the leader of the "Front of Changes" Arseniy Yatsenyuk. On June 15, 2013 the parties "Front of Changes" and "Reforms and Order" finally merged with the All-Ukrainian Union "Batkivshchyna" by self-liquidation. As at December 31, 2013 the parliamentary faction "Batkivshchyna" counted 90 deputies.[21][25][26] [27][14] During Euromaidan events, on February 22, 2014 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted a resolution on the implementation of international obligations of Ukraine on release of former Prime Minister of Ukraine Yulia Tymoshenko.[28] Former party associates Oleksandr Turchynov and Arseniy Yatsenyuk did not contact Tymoshenko after Euromaidan.Yulia Tymoshenko said in an interview, "The power has divided us".[29] Tymoshenko started reforming the party and the "Batkivshchyna" went to the parliamentary elections in 2014 with new members, the top five of the list included: Nadiya Savchenko (Ukrainian pilot), Yulia Tymoshenko, Ihor Lutsenko, Serhiy Sobolev, Alyona Shkrum. Based on the election results the party received 19 seats in the Ukrainian parliament, 17 – according to party lists, 2 – on majority system; Igor Zhdanov[30] from "Batkivshchyna" party got the position of Youth and Sports Minister in the Government.[31][32]

History

Early history

The organization was founded in 1995 as the All-Ukrainian Fatherland Union of Peaceful Forces Citizen Association by Volodymyr Prisnyakov, a rector at Dnipropetrovsk National University.[18] In 1998, Tymoshenko was elected a deputy of the Supreme Council of Bobrynets constituency number 99 Kirovograd region. In spring 1999, Tymoshenko's parliamentary group created the "Fatherland" [33] Political party "All-Ukrainian Union" Fatherland "" based on the founding congress July 9, 1999. Joined the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 16 September 1999, certificate № 122. At the second congress, held on 18 December of the same year was elected Chairman of the party Yulia Tymoshenko.

Following the appointment of Yulia Tymoshenko's deputy prime minister in the government of Viktor Yushchenko's party considered to be "conditionally pro-government", its leaders participated in the "new parliamentary coalition" of 2000 (a fundamental change in leadership of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine), but after the arrest of Tymoshenko in February 2001 All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" was the opposition and joined the action "Ukraine without Kuchma." The party also participated actively in the creation of the Committee for National Salvation, which before the parliamentary elections laid the foundation for the creation of the Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko.[34]

Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc

In the 2002 parliamentary elections, the party was the main constituent of the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc.[35] The bloc obtained 22 seats in the parliament, all on the party list. Thirteen of them were allocated to "Fatherland".

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2002 parliamentary elections

Yulia Tymoshenko  · Oleh Bilorus  · Oleksandr Turchynov  · Mykhailo Pavlovsky  · Petro Tolochko
Stepan Khmara  · Serhiy Pravdenko  · Viktor Taran  · Valentyn Zubov  · Yevhen Kyrylchuk

In January 2005, Tymoshenko became Prime Minister of Ukraine under Viktor Yushchenko's presidency.[36][37] Several months earlier, she was a leader in the Orange Revolution which enabled Yushchenko's election.[36][38]

After losing several seats in 2002 and 2003, in September 2005 the bloc had grown to 40 members.[39] In March 2005, the Yabluko party merged with Batkivshchyna;[18] however, in March 2007 Yabluko became the Party of Free Democrats.[18] In late 2005, the United Ukraine party also merged with Batkivshchyna.[18] In the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections the party was part of the Tymoshenko bloc,[35] which won 129 of 450 seats in 2006 (22.29 percent of the total vote) and 156 of 450 seats (30.71 percent of the total vote) in 2007.[35]

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2006 parliamentary elections

Yulia Tymoshenko  · Oleksandr Turchynov  · Mykola Tomenko  · Oleh Bilorus  · Yaroslav Fedorchuk
Andriy Shkil  · Anatoliy Semynoha  · Serhiy Sas  · Viktor Taran  · Valentyn Zubov

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2007 parliamentary elections

Yulia Tymoshenko  · Oleksandr Turchynov  · Mykola Tomenko  · Yosyp Vinsky  · Hryhoriy Omelchenko
Vitaliy Kurylo  · Oleh Bilorus  · Yaroslav Fedorchuk  · Yevhen Suslov  · Andriy Shkil

Yulia Tymoshenko at a March 2011 meeting of the European People's Party

On 18 December 2007 Yulia Tymoshenko was reelected prime minister by a two-vote margin, making Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc and the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc a majority coalition.[40][41] Since 2008, the party has been an observer member of the European People's Party.[11]

In 2009, the "Fatherland" Yulia Tymoshenko has put forward a candidate for the presidency of Ukraine. After its defeat in the elections parliamentary coalition ceased to exist, the Cabinet Tymoshenko was dismissed.Tymoshenko stated on 22 February 2010, she would go into Parliamentary opposition.[42][43] During the 2010 Ukrainian local elections the party (political blocs were not permitted to compete in the election)[44][45] was defeated by the rival Party of Regions in nearly all regions of Ukraine, although it remained the main opposition party.[46] Although Batkivshchyna won seats in 19 of 24 regional parliaments, it did not win a seat in the Supreme Council of Crimea.[47] In Lviv Oblast and Kiev Oblast as well as in Ternopil the party did not participate in the elections cause it was unable to register their candidates; Yulia Tymoshenko claimed that "fraudulent Batkivshchyna party organisations were registered on orders from Viktor Yanukovych".[48][49][50]

Unified opposition in 2012 parliamentary elections

On 16 November 2010, the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) was renamed the Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko-Batkivshchyna.[51] During the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych against leader Party Yulia Tymoshenko opened several criminal cases. August 5, 2011 Tymoshenko was arrested. October 11, 2011 sentenced to 7 years in prison on charges of abuse of power and official authority at the conclusion of gas contracts with Russia in January 2009.[22] Danish Helsinki Committee, observing the trial, came to the conclusion that his political motivation, and gross violations of the European Convention on Human Rights.In 2010-2013, the European Parliament adopted six resolutions in which the persecution of Tymoshenko called "politically motivated selective justice".[1][52]

On 17 November 2011, party blocs were banned in parliamentary elections.[20] The following month, Batkivshchyna and the People's Self-Defense party announced that the latter would merge with the former,[53][54] and on 28 December first deputy party head Oleksandr Turchynov said, "I believe that other political forces will join in".[55]

Batkivshchyna, the former Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc member Reforms and Order Party and the People's Movement of Ukraine announced their intention to submit a single party list in the March 2012 parliamentary elections.[56] On 7 April, Arseniy Yatsenyuk announced that the Front for Change party would join them on the single-party list.[57]

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2012 parliamentary elections[26][58]

Arseniy Yatsenyuk  · Anatoliy Hrytsenko  · Oleksandr Turchynov  · Vyacheslav Kyrylenko  · Hryhoriy Nemyrya
Serhiy Sobolev  · Borys Tarasyuk  · Mykola Tomenko  · Mykola Knyazhytsky  · Mustafa Dzhemilyev

On 6 June 2012, Vyacheslav Kutovy and Volodymyr Kupchak left the party;[59] Kupchak he had been threatened by party leader Yatsenyuk and the party had "betrayed Yulia Tymoshenko, who had sparked the protest movement Rise up, Ukraine!".[60] In July 2012, Batkivshchyna agreed with the Svoboda party on the distribution of single-member district candidates in the 2012 parliamentary elections.[61] Two weeks before the 28 October election, Batkivshchyna withdrew 26 parliamentary candidates in favour of the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform (UDAR); UDAR withdrew 26 of its single-seat candidates in favour of Batkivshchyna candidates, attempting to maximise the opposition vote.[62]

Oblast map of Ukraine, colour-coded by Batkivshchyna vote
Results of the 2012 elections

Batkivshchyna was a de facto umbrella party in the election, whose election list included members of the Reforms and Order, People's Movement of Ukraine, Front for Change, For Ukraine!, People's Self-Defense, Civil Position and Social Christian parties.[63][64][65][66] In July 2012, members of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People joined the list, known as the Fatherland United Opposition.[67] Front for Change leader Arseniy Yatsenyuk headed the list, because Tymoshenko was imprisoned.[26][58] The list won 62 seats and 25.55 percent of the vote under the proportional party-list system (down from 30.71 percent in 2007 for the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc[35]), and another 39 in simple-majority constituencies. Competing in 152 of 225 constituencies,;[68] they won a total of 101 seats, 22.67 percent of the 450 seats in the Verkhovna Rada.[69] The party lost about two million votes, compared with the results of the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc in the previous election.[21] Yatsenyuk was temporarily selected leader of this parliamentary faction (also) on 12 December 2012.[70] On 19 October 2012, Batkivshchyna and Svoboda signed an agreement for "the creation of a coalition of democratic forces in the new parliament".[71] The party is also coordinating its parliamentary activities with UDAR.[72]

In early April 2013 four lawmakers left the party in protest of Yatsenyuk's leadership style, and Roman Stadniychuk was forced to replace Serhiy Vlasenko's parliamentary mandate.[73][74] The following month, Batkivshchyna, UDAR and Svoboda pledged to coordinate for the 2015 Ukrainian presidential election.[75]

2013 unification

In December 2012, the parties which aligned with Batkivshchyna in the 2012 parliamentary elections considered forming a single party.[76] On 15 June 2013, the Reforms and Order Party and the Front for Change merged with Batkivshchyna.[77] A portion of the People's Movement of Ukraine (including former chairman Borys Tarasyuk)[78] also merged; the remainder of the party had merged with the Ukrainian People's Party the previous month.[79]).[80] During the same congress, the party also approved Tymoshenko's nomination as its candidate in the 2015 Ukrainian presidential election.[2] At the party congress, which was held in Kiev on the Sofia area, 482 delegates unanimously supported the candidature of Tymoshenko.[81]

Euromaidan and return to government

The party played a substantial role in the anti-government Euromaidan protests, which began in late November 2013 and culminated in the 21 February 2014 impeachment of President Viktor Yanukovych after the February 2014 Ukrainian revolution, in which Tymoshenko was released from jail and officially rehabilitated.[82][83][84] Just after Euromaidan revolution, the Ukrainian Supreme Court closed the case and found that "no crime was committed".[85]European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg acknowledged political persecution and torture and put a final end to all criminal case against Yulia Tymoshenko in 2011-2014.[86] After Yanukovych's ouster from the presidency, and return the Constitution of 2004, was formed the ruling coalition, which includes the Batkivshchyna, UDAR and Svoboda. This coalition formed a coalition government, headed by Arseniy Yatsenyuk.

The leader party "Fatherland" Yulia Tymoshenko has begun to reform the party.Early August the party expelled more than 1,500 members, including more than 700 deputies, in a lustration campaign.[87]

The party has its own Batkivshchyna Battalion that fights in the War in Donbass.[88][89]

2014 parliamentary election

Results of the 2014 elections

After release from prison, in the first days after the treatment Tymoshenko tried to communicate with his former party colleagues, including Yatsenyuk and Oleksandr Turchynov, but phone calls to officials in former prime minister did not answer. "Communication has been completely lost. The government has divided us, - said Tymoshenko ".[90] Much of the party members, including Yatsenyuk, Arsen Avakov, Mykola Knyazhytsky, Turchynov and Lyudmyla Denisova, who worked in the government, refused to go to the polls as part of "Batkivshchyna" and created a political party "People's Front".[91]

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2014 parliamentary elections[92]

Nadiya Savchenko  · Yulia Tymoshenko  · Ihor Lutsenko  · Serhiy Sobolev  · Alyona Shkrum
Vadym Ivchenko  · Hryhoriy Nemyria  · Ivan Krulko  · Oleksiy Ryabchyn  · Ihor Zhdanov

The Central electoral Commission registered the party "Batkivshchyna" in nationwide multi-member constituency at the extraordinary elections to the Verkhovna Rada. The decision was taken at the CEC meeting on 22 September 2014. As a result, at the extraordinary parliamentary elections in 2014 the party "Fatherland" was held in Parliament typing (894,837 votes - 5.68%), which allowed it to Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine VIII convocation get 17 seats on party lists, and two seats in majority constituencies.[93] Following the elections the party became a member of the coalition supporting the current second Yatsenyuk Government and has 1 minister in this government.[94][95]

Parliamentary activity 2014-2015 years

On 11 December 2014 Parliament supported the initiative of Ukraine Yulia Tymoshenko hopes for release Nadiya Savchenko.[96]

On 5 March 2015 the Parliament supported the bill on supporting volunteers Ukraine.[97]

On 21 April 2015 Yulia Tymoshenko initiated a working group to check the validity of utility tariffs .[98] "Fatherland" party has made the reduction of tariffs for housing and communal services.[99]

Ideology and stances

The ideological basis of the party is a combination of national, democratic, Christian values, reformation, spirituality, patriotism, national solidarity, responsibility, rights and freedoms. The party advocates the building of a society in Ukraine justice and welfare, competitive nation-state of the European type. Party offers ideology of the Ukrainian people, which reflects the fundamental interests of most citizens. This ideology is based on shared political and economic interests of citizens and, above all, overcome poverty and unprecedented employment and prosperity, the need for clear guidelines that determine ways and means of implementing the main tasks of the state, families and citizens. This ideology Ukrainian state towards solidarity, justice and prosperity. The party believes that social progress without a real and effective democracy can not be.[100]

According to the party, only citizens of Ukraine will have the right to private ownership of land, but "high concentration of land in one hand" will not be allowed.[101]

The party sees Ukrainian membership in the European Union (EU) as a strategic goal.[102][101] It favors visa-free travel for Ukrainians to the EU and wants to "cancel humiliating visa regimes".[101] It would like to see "a mutually beneficial and equitable agreement on the establishment of free trade with Russia".[101] In June 2013, the party's parliamentary faction voted for the denunciation of the 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty.[nb 1][104]

The party's 2012 election program did not mention NATO,[105] but its 2014 program stated that the party wants to annul Ukraine's non-aligned status[106] and that it wants Ukraine to become a member of NATO.[107]

The party wants to prosecute "Law enforcement involved in political repression".[105]

The party is in favor of party-list proportional representation elections with open lists.[101][105][108] It also favors Citizens' Initiatives when 50,000 signatures are collected.[clarification needed][101] The party wants to empower local governance.[101]

Government grants[clarification needed] should be awarded to graduates who successfully passed testing for studies at Ukrainian universities.[101]

The basis of Ukraine's health system will be mandatory health inspection and the gradual development of voluntary health insurance by employers.[101]

The party wants to introduce jury trials into the Ukrainian law system and wants to "depoliticise" the process of appointment of judges.[101] It also wants an independent judiciary that will increase the role of the Supreme Court of Ukraine.[105] The Constitutional Court of Ukraine, "which has compromised itself with decisions that were ordered (by the Yanukovych administration)" should be liquidated.[105] It wants the criminal code to be "Europeanized" and law enforcement brought under civil control.[105]

The party wants to improve human rights in Ukraine.[102][101]

The party regards the Holodomor as a genocide of the Ukrainian nation.[102]

Before their removal of power in February 2014 the party sought to impeach former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and his "anti-people regime" to "return Ukraine to the path of European integration"[105] and it tried to reverse the former Azarov Government policy of raising the status of the Russian language.[109]

Associated and merged parties

Associated in electoral block

Merged

Election Results

Verkhovna Rada

Year Popular vote % of popular vote Overall seats won Seat change Government
2002 Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc
13 / 450
 Increase 13 Opposition
2006
71 / 450
 Increase 58 Opposition
2007
109 / 450
 Increase 38 Coalition government
2012 5,208,402 25.54%
101 / 450
 Decrease 8 Opposition
2014 893,549 5.68%
19 / 450
 Decrease 82 Coalition government

Presidential elections

Election year Candidate # of 1st round votes % of 1st round vote # of 2nd round votes % of 2nd round vote Won/Loss
2010 Yulia Tymoshenko 6,159,810 25.05 11,593,357 45.47 Loss
2014 Yulia Tymoshenko 2,310,050 12.81 Loss

Notes

  1. ^ In June 2013 Ukraine's First Deputy Foreign Minister Ruslan Demchenko stated a unilateral denunciation of the 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty was not possible from a legal point of view.[103]

References

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    Template:Uk icon "ФРОНТ ЗМІН" ІДЕ В РАДУ З "БАТЬКІВЩИНОЮ", Ukrayinska Pravda (7 April 2012)
    Yatseniuk wants to meet with Tymoshenko to discuss reunion of opposition, Kyiv Post (7 April 2012)
  65. ^ Template:Uk icon Tymoshenko and Yatsenyuk united ("Тимошенко та Яценюк об'єдналися"), Ukrayinska Pravda (23 April 2012)
  66. ^ Civil Position party joins Ukraine's united opposition, Kyiv Post (20 June 2012)
  67. ^ Mustafa Dzhemiliov is number 12 on the list of the United Opposition “Fatherland”, Den (2 August 2012)
  68. ^ Template:Uk icon Candidates, RBC Ukraine
  69. ^ Template:Uk icon Proportional votes & Constituency seats, Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine
    % of total seats, Ukrayinska Pravda
  70. ^ Five factions, including Communist Party, registered in parliament, Kyiv Post (12 December 2012)
  71. ^ United opposition, Svoboda sign coalition agreement, Klitschko absent at ceremony, Kyiv Post (19 October 2012)
    Batkivschyna plans to cooperate with Svoboda in parliament, Kyiv Post (13 December 2012)
  72. ^ Batkivschyna, UDAR, Svoboda to create opposition council to coordinate activity in Rada, Kyiv Post (17 December 2012)
  73. ^ Template:Uk icon "Dynamics" in the Batkivshchyna Verkhovna Rada faction, Verkhovna Rada
  74. ^ MPs Kanivets, Skosar say they quit Batkivschyna due to reluctance to participate in Yatseniuk’s ‘show’, Interfax-Ukraine (4 April 2013)
    Stadniychuk, Kozub become MPs instead of Vlasenko, Verevsky, Interfax-Ukraine (19 March 2013)
  75. ^ Batkivschyna, UDAR, Svoboda to coordinate their actions at presidential election, Interfax-Ukraine (16 May 2013)
  76. ^ Ukraine's united opposition discussing formation of single party, Kyiv Post (7 December 2012)
  77. ^ a b Sobolev: Front for Change and Reform and Order Party to join Batkivschyna, Interfax-Ukraine (11 June 2013)
    Front for Change, Reforms and Order to dissolve for merger with Batkivshchyna – Sobolev, Ukrinform (11 June 2013))
  78. ^ Ukraine-Russia relations didn’t get any better, ex-Foreign Minister Borys Tarasiuk says, z i k (5 February 2011)
  79. ^ Ukrainian People's Party, People's Movement Of Ukraine Decide Unite Into Rukh, Elect Kuibida Its Leader, Ukrainian News Agency (19 May 2013)
  80. ^ Batkivschyna, Front for Change, Reform and Order Party, part of NRU unite for victory – Tymoshenko’s address to congress, Interfax-Ukraine (15 June 2013)
    Tymoshenko re-elected Batkivshchyna leader, Yatseniuk council chair, Ukrinform (15 June 2013)
  81. ^ [1]
  82. ^ Cite error: The named reference officially rehabilitated was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  83. ^ Cite error: The named reference Yanuousted was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  84. ^ Ukraine crisis: Key players, BBC News (27 February 2014)
  85. ^ <%= item.timeFlag %>. "ITAR-TASS: World – Ukrainian Supreme Court closes Tymoshenko's 'gas case'". En.itar-tass.com. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  86. ^ European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) decided to stop studying second complaint leader of the "Fatherland" Yulia Tymoshenko against Ukraine
  87. ^ http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/batkivshchyna_cleans_ranks_party_expels_1500_people_324793
  88. ^ "Батальйон "Батьківщина" заявив, що знищив ватажка терористів Лєшого". LB.ua. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  89. ^ "Yulia Tymoshenko - Resistance Movement battalion receives military equipment". Юлія Тимошенко. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  90. ^ "The power of us shared" - Tymoshenko out of the "Batkivshchyna" former colleagues, Buk news
  91. ^ Яценюк и Турчинов возглавили новую украинскую партию "Народный фронт", RIA Novosti (6 September 2014)
  92. ^ Party list of the Association "Batkivshchyna". Central Election Commission of Ukraine.
  93. ^ Five political forces sign coalition agreement, Interfax-Ukraine (21 November 2014)
    Ukraine's parliamentary parties initial coalition agreement, Interfax-Ukraine (21 November 2014)
  94. ^ Cite error: The named reference FLUYGIU21214 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  95. ^ Five political forces sign coalition agreement, Interfax-Ukraine (21 November 2014)
    Ukraine's parliamentary parties initial coalition agreement, Interfax-Ukraine (21 November 2014)
  96. ^ Verkhovna Rada demands to release Savchenko Nadezhda MP
  97. ^ Supreme Council supported the long-awaited changes to the law on volunteering
  98. ^ In the Council established a working group to verify the validity of tariffs for services kominalni
  99. ^ Lowering gas rent will allow for tariff cuts
  100. ^ Program of All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"
  101. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Template:Uk icon Electronic Bulletin "Your Choice – 2012". Issue 4: Batkivshchyna, Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research (24 October 2012)
  102. ^ a b c Ukraine should become full member of EU, says manifest of Batkivschyna, Interfax-Ukraine (15 June 2013)
  103. ^ Kyiv cannot denounce Kharkiv accords unilaterally, says Foreign Ministry, Interfax-Ukraine (19 June 2013)
  104. ^ Rada fails to support bill on denunciation of Kharkiv accords on Black Sea Fleet basing in Ukraine, Interfax-Ukraine (19 June 2013)
  105. ^ a b c d e f g Ukraine's Opposition Program Requires Another Revolution, The Jamestown Foundation (29 May 2012)
  106. ^ Tymoshenko says her party ready to join ruling coalition, Interfax-Ukraine (29 October 2014)
  107. ^ Tymoshenko Says Would Support Pro-European Forces of Ukraine’s New Parliament, RIA Novosti (29/09/2014)
  108. ^ Game of Endurance, The Ukrainian Week (22 February 2013)
  109. ^ Q&A:Ukrainian parliamentary election, BBC News (23 October 2012)
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