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United States presidential election

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The election of the President and the Vice President of the United States is when you suck lan no-stop | Henry Clay (Whig) – 105
James G. Birney (Liberty) – 0 |- | 16th | 1848* | Zachary Taylor (Whig) – 163 | Lewis Cass (Democrat) – 127
Martin Van Buren (Free Soil) – 0 |- | 17th | 1852 | Franklin Pierce (Democrat) – 254 | Winfield Scott (Whig) – 42
John P. Hale (Free Soil) – 0 |- | 18th | 1856* | James Buchanan* (Democrat) – 174 | John C. Frémont (Republican) – 114
Millard Fillmore (American Party/Whig) – 8 |- | 19th | 1860* | Abraham Lincoln* (Republican) – 180 | John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democrat) – 72
John Bell (Constitutional Union) – 39
Stephen A. Douglas (Northern Democrat) – 12 |- | 20th | 1864[1] | Abraham Lincoln (National Union) – 212 | George B. McClellan (Democrat) – 21 |- | 21st | 1868 | Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) – 214 | Horatio Seymour (Democrat) – 80 |- | 22nd | 1872 | Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) – 286 | Horace Greeley (Democrat/Liberal Republican) – 0[2]
Thomas A. Hendricks (Democrat) – 42
B. Gratz Brown (Democrat/Liberal Republican) – 18
Charles J. Jenkins (Democrat) – 2 |- | 23rd | 1876*‡ | Rutherford B. Hayes* (Republican) – 185 | Samuel J. Tilden‡ (Democrat) – 184 |- | 24th | 1880* | James A. Garfield* (Republican) – 214 | Winfield Scott Hancock (Democrat) – 155
James Weaver (Greenback) – 0 |- | 25th | 1884* | Grover Cleveland* (Democrat) – 219 | James G. Blaine (Republican) – 182
John St. John (Prohibition) – 0
Benjamin Franklin Butler (Greenback) – 0 |- | 26th | 1888*† | Benjamin Harrison* (Republican) – 233 | Grover Cleveland† (Democrat) – 168
Clinton B. Fisk (Prohibition) – 0
Alson Streeter (Union Labor) – 0 |- | 27th | 1892* | Grover Cleveland* (Democrat) – 277 | Benjamin Harrison (Republican) – 145
James Weaver (Populist) – 22
John Bidwell (Prohibition) – 0 |- | 28th | 1896 | William McKinley (Republican) – 271 | William Jennings Bryan (Democrat/Populist) – 176 |- | 29th | 1900 | William McKinley (Republican) – 292 | William Jennings Bryan (Democrat) – 155
John Woolley (Prohibition) – 0 |- | 30th | 1904 | Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) – 336 | Alton B. Parker (Democrat) – 140
Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) – 0
Silas C. Swallow (Prohibition) – 0 |- | 31st | 1908 | William Howard Taft (Republican) – 321 | William Jennings Bryan (Democrat) – 162
Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) – 0
Eugene W. Chafin (Prohibition) – 0 |- | 32nd | 1912* | Woodrow Wilson* (Democrat) – 435 | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) – 88
William Howard Taft (Republican) – 8
Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) – 0
Eugene W. Chafin (Prohibition) – 0 |- | 33rd | 1916* | Woodrow Wilson* (Democrat) – 277 | Charles Evans Hughes (Republican) – 254
Allan L. Benson (Socialist) – 0
James Hanly (Prohibition) – 0 |- | 34th | 1920 | Warren G. Harding (Republican) – 404 | James M. Cox (Democrat) – 127
Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) – 0 |- | 35th | 1924 | Calvin Coolidge (Republican) – 382 | John W. Davis (Democrat) – 136
Robert M. La Follette, Sr. (Progressive) – 13 |- | 36th | 1928 | Herbert Hoover (Republican) – 444 | Al Smith (Democrat) – 87 |- | 37th | 1932 | Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) – 472 | Herbert Hoover (Republican) – 59
Norman Thomas (Socialist) – 0 |- | 38th | 1936 | Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) – 523 | Alf Landon (Republican) – 8
William Lemke (Union) – 0 |- | 39th | 1940 | Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) – 449 | Wendell Willkie (Republican) – 82 |- | 40th | 1944 | Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) – 432 | Thomas E. Dewey (Republican) – 99 |- | 41st | 1948* | Harry S. Truman* (Democrat) – 303 | Thomas E. Dewey (Republican) – 189
Strom Thurmond (States' Rights Democrat) – 39
Henry A. Wallace (Progressive/Labor) – 0 |- | 42nd | 1952 | Dwight D. Eisenhower (Republican) – 442 | Adlai Stevenson (Democrat) – 89 |- | 43rd | 1956 | Dwight D. Eisenhower (Republican) – 457 | Adlai Stevenson (Democrat) – 73 |- | 44th | 1960* | John F. Kennedy* (Democrat) – 303 | Richard Nixon (Republican) – 219
Harry F. Byrd (Democrat) – 15[3] |- | 45th | 1964 | Lyndon B. Johnson (Democrat) – 486 | Barry Goldwater (Republican) – 52 |- | 46th | 1968* | Richard Nixon* (Republican) – 301 | Hubert Humphrey (Democrat) – 191
George Wallace (American Independent) – 46 |- | 47th | 1972 | Richard Nixon (Republican) – 520 | George McGovern (Democrat) – 17
John G. Schmitz (American) – 0 |- | 48th | 1976 | Jimmy Carter (Democrat) – 297 | Gerald Ford (Republican) – 240 |- | 49th | 1980 | Ronald Reagan (Republican) – 489 | Jimmy Carter (Democrat) – 49
John B. Anderson (no party) – 0
Ed Clark (Libertarian) – 0 |- | 50th | 1984 | Ronald Reagan (Republican) – 525 | Walter Mondale (Democrat) – 13 |- | 51st | 1988 | George H. W. Bush (Republican) – 426 | Michael Dukakis (Democrat) – 111 |- | 52nd | 1992* | Bill Clinton* (Democrat) – 370 | George H. W. Bush (Republican) – 168
Ross Perot (no party) – 0 |- | 53rd | 1996* | Bill Clinton* (Democrat) – 379 | Bob Dole (Republican) – 159
Ross Perot (Reform) – 0 |- | 54th | 2000*† | George W. Bush* (Republican) – 271 | Al Gore† (Democrat) – 266
Ralph Nader (Green) – 0 |- | 55th | 2004 | George W. Bush (Republican) – 286 | John Kerry (Democrat) – 251 |- | 56th | 2008 | Barack Obama (Democrat) – 365 | John McCain (Republican) – 173 |- | 57th | 2012 | Barack Obama (Democrat) – 332 | Mitt Romney (Republican) – 206 |}

Voter turnout

See also: Voter turnout in the United States presidential elections

Voter turnout in the 2004 and 2008 elections showed a noticeable increase over the turnout in 1996 and 2000. Prior to 2004, voter turnout in presidential elections had been decreasing while voter registration, measured in terms of voting age population (VAP) by the U.S. Census, has been increasing. The VAP figure, however, includes persons ineligible to vote — mainly non-citizens and ineligible felons — and excludes overseas eligible voters. Opinion is mixed on whether this decline was due to voter apathy [1] [4][5][6] or an increase in ineligible voters on the rolls.[7] The difference between these two measures are illustrated by analysis of turnout in the 2004 and 2008 elections. Voter turnout from the 2004 and 2008 election was "not statistically different," based on the voting age population used by a November 2008 U.S. Census survey of 50,000 households [2]. If expressed in terms of vote eligible population (VEP), the 2008 national turnout rate was 61.7% from 131.3 million ballots cast for president, an increase of over 1.6 percentage points over the 60.1% turnout rate of 2004, and the highest since 1968.[8]

Financial disclosures

Prior to 1967, many presidential candidates disclosed assets, stock holdings, and other information which might affect the public trust.[9] In that year, Republican candidate George W. Romney went a step further and released his tax returns for the previous twelve years.[9] Since then, many presidential candidates – including all major-party nominees since 1980 – have released some of their returns,[10] although few of the major party nominees have equaled or exceeded George Romney's twelve.[11][12]

Presidential coattails

Main article: Coattail effect

Presidential elections are held on the same date as those for all the seats in the United States House of Representatives, the full terms for 33 or 34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate, the governorships in several U.S. states, as well as many state and local elections. Presidential candidates tend to bring out supporters who then vote for his party's candidates for those other offices. Members of the U.S. Senate or House of Representatives are also more likely to be voted for on a year of the presidential election than a midterm.[13] In effect, these other candidates are said to ride on his coattails.

Comparison with other U.S. general elections

See also: List of elections in the United States
Basic rotation of U.S. general elections (fixed terms only[1])
Year 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Type Presidential Off-year Midterm Off-year Presidential
President Yes No Yes
Senate Class I (33 seats) No Class II (33 seats) No Class III (34 seats)
House All 435 seats[3] No All 435 seats[2] No All 435 seats[3]
Gubernatorial 11 states, 2 territories
DE, IN, MO, MT, NH, NC, ND, UT, VT, WA, WV, AS, PR 		2 states
NJ, VA 		36 states, DC, & 3 territories[4]
AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IA, KS, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, NE, NV, NH, NM, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, WI, WY, DC (Mayor), GU, MP, VI 		3 states
KY, LA, MS 		11 states, 2 territories
DE, IN, MO, MT, NH, NC, ND, UT, VT, WA, WV, AS, PR
Lieutenant gubernatorial[5] 5 states, 1 territory
DE, MO, NC, VT, WA, AS 		1 state
VA 		10 states[6]
AL, AR, CA, GA, ID, NV, OK, RI, TX, VT 		2 states
LA, MS 		5 states, 1 territory
DE, MO, NC, VT, WA, AS
Secretary of state 7 states
MO, MT, NC, OR, VT, WA, WV 		None 26 states
AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, MA, MI, MN, NE, NV, NM, ND, OH, RI, SC, TX, VT, WI, WY 		3 states
KY, LA, MS 		7 states
MO, MT, NC, OR, VT, WA, WV
Attorney general 10 states
IN, MO, MT, NC, OR, PA, UT, VT, WA, WV 		1 state
VA 		30 states, DC, & 2 territories
AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IA, KS, MD, MA, MI, MN, NE, NV, NM, NY, ND, OH, OK, RI, SC, SD, TX, VT, WI, DC, GU, MP 		3 states
KY, LA, MS 		10 states
IN, MO, MT, NC, OR, PA, UT, VT, WA, WV
State treasurer[7] 9 states
MO, NC, ND, OR, PA, UT, VT, WA, WV 		None 23 states
AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, FL (CFO), ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, MA, NE, NV, NM, OH, OK, RI, SC, VT, WI, WY 		2 states
KY, MS 		9 states
MO, NC, ND, OR, PA, UT, VT, WA, WV
State comptroller/controller None None 7 states
CA, CT, IL, MD, NV, NY, SC 		None None
State auditor 9 states
MT, NC, ND, PA, UT, VT, WA, WV, GU 		None 15 states
AL, AR, DE, IN, IA, MA, MN, MO, NE, NM, OH, OK, SD, VT, WY 		1 state
KY 		9 states
MT, NC, ND, PA, UT, VT, WA, WV, GU
Superintendent of public instruction 4 states
MT, NC, ND, WA 		1 state
WI 		8 states
AZ, CA, GA, ID, OK,
SC, SD (incl. Land), WY 		None 4 states
MT, NC, ND, WA
Agriculture commissioner 2 states
NC, WV 		None 6 states
AL, FL, GA, IA, ND, SC 		2 states
KY, MS 		2 states
NC, WV
Insurance commissioner 3 states
NC, ND, WA, 		None 5 states
DE, CA GA, KS, OK, 		2 states
LA, MS 		3 states
NC, ND, WA,
Other commissioners & elected officials 1 state
NC (Labor) 		None 8 states
AZ (Mine Inspector), AR (Land), GA (Land), NM (Land), ND (Tax), OK (Labor), OR (Labor), TX (Land) 		None 1 state
NC (Labor)
State legislatures[8] 44 states, DC, & 5 territories
AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, ME, MA, MI, MN, MO, MN, NE, NV, NH, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, WA, WV, WI, WY, DC, AS, GU, MP, PR, VI 		2 states
VA, NJ 		46 states, DC, & 4 territories
AK, AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, ME, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MN, NE, NV, NH, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, WA, WV, WI, WY, DC, AS, GU, MP, VI 		4 states
LA, MS, NJ, VA 		44 states, DC, & 5 territories
AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, ME, MA, MI, MN, MO, MN, NE, NV, NH, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, WA, WV, WI, WY, DC, AS, GU, MP, PR, VI
State boards of education [9] 8 states, DC, & 3 territories
AL, CO, KS, MI, NE, OH, TX, UT, DC, GU, MP, VI 		None 8 states, DC, & 3 territories
AL, CO, KS, MI, NE, OH, TX, UT, DC, GU, MP, VI 		None 8 states, DC, & 3 territories
AL, CO, KS, MI, NE, OH, TX, UT, DC, GU, MP, VI
Other state, local, and tribal offices Varies
1 This table does not include special elections, which may be held to fill political offices that have become vacant between the regularly scheduled elections.
2 As well as all six non-voting delegates of the U.S. House.
3 As well as five non-voting delegates of the U.S. House. The resident commissioner of Puerto Rico instead serves a four-year term that coincides with the presidential term.
4 The governors of New Hampshire and Vermont are each elected to two-year terms. The other 48 state governors and all five territorial governors serve four-year terms.
5 In 26 states and 3 territories the lieutenant governor is elected on the same ticket as the governor: AK, CO, CT, FL, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MI, MN, MT, NE, NJ, NM, NY, ND, OH, PA, SC, SD, UT, WI, GU, MP, VI.
6 Like the governor, Vermont's other officials are each elected to two-year terms. All other state officers for all other states listed serve four-year terms.
7 In some states, the comptroller or controller has the duties equivalent to a treasurer. There are some states with both positions, so both have been included separately.
8 This list does not differentiate chambers of each legislature. Forty-nine state legislatures are bicameral; Nebraska is unicameral. Additionally, Washington, DC, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands are unicameral; the other territories are bicameral. All legislatures have varying terms for their members. Many have two-year terms for the lower house and four-year terms for the upper house. Some have all two-year terms and some all four-year terms. Arkansas has a combination of both two- and four-year terms in the same chamber.
9 Most states not listed here have a board appointed by the governor and legislature. All boards listed here have members that serve four-year staggered terms, except Colorado, which has six-year terms, and Guam, which has two-year terms. Most are elected statewide, some are elected from districts. Louisiana, Ohio, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands have additional members who are appointed.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States presidential elections.
Statistical forecasts

Notes

  1. ^ Because of the American Civil War, all of the states in rebellion did not participate
  2. ^ Greeley came in second in the popular vote but died before electoral votes were cast. Most of his electors cast votes for Hendricks, Brown, and Jenkins; while another three electoral votes to Greeley were disqualified.
  3. ^ Byrd was not directly on the 1960 ballot. Instead, his electoral votes came from several unpledged electors and a faithless elector. The claim that Kennedy received a plurality of the votes can only be sustained if those votes cast for unpledged Democratic electors are tabulated as Kennedy's, even if they did not vote for him. If these votes are excluded from Kennedy's total, Nixon had the national popular-vote plurality.
  4. ^ "National Voter Turnout in Federal Elections: 1960-1996". Federal Election Commission. 2003-07-29. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
  5. ^ "Election Information: Election Statistics". Office of the Clerk. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
  6. ^ "Voting and Registration Date". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
  7. ^ "Voter Turnout Frequently Asked Questions". Elections.gmu.edu. March 12, 2009. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
  8. ^ "2008 Preliminary Voter Turnout". Elections.gmu.edu. March 12, 2009. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
  9. ^ a b "Income Tax Returns Released for Last 12 Years by Romney", St. Joseph Gazette, United Press International, November 27, 1967.
  10. ^ Shaxson, Nicholas (August 2012). "Where the Money Lives". Vanity Fair.
  11. ^ Sherman, Amy (August 19, 2012), "Debbie Wasserman Schultz' claim about release of tax returns of major candidates is false, says PolitiFact Florida", Miami Herald.
  12. ^ "Romney and the Tax Return Precedent", FactCheck.org, July 19, 2012.
  13. ^ "Government By the People; national, state, and local version" Prentice Hall publishers, by Cronin Magleby O'Brien Light
Statistical forecasts
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