Terrorism in Europe

GSG9 team returning in 1977 after liberating the passengers of Lufthansa Flight 181

The failed, foiled and successfully executed acts of terrorism in the European Union are according to the European Police Office either unspecified, or pertains to religious issues, animal rights, right wing, left wing or separatist movements. The field is subject to considerable cooperation among national authorities.

Law enforcement

The seat of the European Police Office (Europol) in The Hague.

European cooperation in the field of counter-terrorism include Europol, an EU agency, and Interpol. TREVI was an early example of EU cooperation in this field. s In July 2014 France introduced legislation to combat terrorism by toughening surveillance, making it lawful to detain individuals linked to radical Islamist groups, and to block Internet sites that incite anti-Semitism, terrorism and hatred. The country's Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve revealed 600 French nationals were in Syria at the time or planned to go there. The bill includes a ban on foreign travel for up to six months for radicalized individuals, provides for the confiscation and invalidation of passports, and prohibits airlines from allowing such individuals to fly.

Trend

Europol provides annual statistics regarding terrorist attacks and terrorist related arrests in the EU, with data available from 2006. According to these data the vast majority of terrorist attacks in the EU are affiliated with Ethno-national or separatist motives, followed by left-wing attacks and those that are registered as 'unspecified'. A smaller number of terrorist attacks is motivated religiously or associated with right-wing or single-issue groups, respectively (animal rights extremists). However, among those arrested on terror-related grounds separatists form the largest group, followed by religiously motivated terror suspects. The relatively high incidence of arrests related to religiously motivated terrorism (in comparison to the number of such attacks) is at least in part related to recruitment networks for violent action outside the EU and to the dissemination of terrorist propaganda. Europol's reports do not provide a breakdown of the proportion of attacks that have been completed or the type of damage inflicted. In January 2015, The Economist compiled data regarding deaths due to political violence in western Europe since 2001. These data show that the death toll associated with Islamist terror is particularly high, especially when compared with the low overall proportion of religiously motivated attacks reported by Europol.

• Statistics from 2006 to 2013 by affiliation
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  Attacks
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  Arrests

List of incidents

The following is an incomplete list of incidents in the European Union its preceding European communities:

Terrestrial

Main article: Italicus Express bombing 1974

Date	Location	Country	Deaths	Injuries	Means	Perpetrator
15 September 1958	Paris	France	1	3	Small arms fire	'FLN (Algerian nationalists)'	Description Government institutions: Several gunmen fire into the car of the French Minister of Information, Jacques Soustelle. The minister survives unharmed, however four bystanders are struck and one is killed.
12 December 1969	Milan	Italy	17	88	Improvised explosive device	Ordine Nuovo	Description Private citizens & property: A bomb detonates at 16:37 outside the National Agrarian Bank in Piazza Fontana, about 200 metres from the Duomo di Milano in Milan, killing 17 people and wounding 88. The same afternoon, three more bombs were detonated in Rome and Milan, and another was found undetonated. Main article: Piazza Fontana bombing
22 July 1970	Gioia Tauro	Italy	6	72	Improvised explosive device	Ordine Nuovo	Description Transport: A bomb detonates on the Freccia del Sud train between Rome and Messina, killing 6 and injuring 72 others. The explosion happened as the train left the station at Gioia Tauro.
31 May 1972	Sagrado	Italy	3	2	Improvised explosive device	'Vincenzo Vinciguerra & Charles Cicuttini' Ordine Nuovo, and Italian Military Secret Service (SID)	Description Government institutions attempting to frame the Red Brigades: A police patrol discovers a suspicious white Fiat 500 parked in the village of Peteano. The policemen attempt to open the hood of the vehicle, causing the explosives inside to detonate. Three police—identified as Antonio Ferrero, Franco-Donato Poveromo and Dongiovanni—are killed, while two others are seriously injured.
5–6 September 1972	Munich	Germany	17	uk	hostage taking	Black September	Description Munich massacre: Hostage taking at 1972 Munich Olympics
14 December 1973	Marseille	France	4	20	Improvised Explosive Device	Charles Martel Group	Description Diplomatic (Algeria): A man exits a car and throws a bomb into the compound of the Algerian Consulate; the subsequent explosion kills 4 and injures 20 more, 4 seriously.
17 May 1973	Milan	Italy	4	45	Improvised explosive device	'Gianfranco Bertoli' (alleged Gladio agent)	Description Government institutions: Gianfranco Bertoli throws a bomb into the courtyard of the police station in Milan in Via Fatebenefratelli during the unveiling of a plaque in memory of the commissioner Luigi Calabresi, killing four passers-by and injuring 45 others.
17 December 1973	Rome	Italy	31	21	Grenade & Small arms fire	-	Description Airports & airlines: Five terrorists pull weapons from their luggage in the terminal lounge at the Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, killing two persons within the terminal. The terrorists then attack Pan Am Flight 110, a Boeing 707 bound for Beirut and Tehran, destroying it with incendiary grenades and killing 29 persons, including 4 senior Moroccan officials and 14 American employees of ARAMCO. Main article: 1973 Rome airport attacks and hijacking
28 May 1974	Brescia	Italy	8	103	Improvised explosive device	-	Description Political: A bomb, placed inside a rubbish bin at the east end of the Piazza della Loggia, explodes during an anti-fascist protest, killing eight people and wounding over 100. Main article: Piazza della Loggia bombing
4 August 1974	San Benedetto Val di Sambro	Italy	12	48	Improvised explosive device	Ordine Nero	Description Transport: A bomb explodes on a train travelling from Rome to Munich on the Bologna–Florence railway line. The bomb had been placed in the 5th passenger car of the train and exploded at 1:23, killing 12 people and injuring 48.
20 November 1974	Savona	Italy	1	13	Improvised explosive device	-	Main article: Italicus Express bombing 1974
24 April 1975	Stockholm	Sweden	4 (2 perpetrators)	14 (4 perpetrators)	TNT, Hostage taking	Red Army Faction	Main article: West German Embassy siege
2 December 1975	Wijster	Netherlands	3	-	Hostage taking (12 days)	South Moluccan nationalists	Description Transport: Seven South Moluccan terrorists seize a train with about 50 passengers on board in open countryside near the village of Wijster, halfway between Hoogeveen and Beilen. The hijacking lasted for 12 days and three hostages were killed. The dead hostages were identified as the driver Hans Braam, and passengers Bert Bierling and Leo Bulter. Main article: 1975 Dutch train hostage crisis
4 December 1975	Amsterdam	Netherlands	1	-	Hostage taking (16 days)	South Moluccan nationalists	Description Diplomatic (Indonesian): Seven gunmen enter the consulate of the Republic of Indonesia and take 41 hostages, including 16 children from a school within the same building. One hostage attempts to flee the captors and falls several stories, causing serious injuries that he would succumb to 5 days later. The school children were quickly freed, and the remaining 25 adult hostages were released peacefully on 19 December.
16 December 1976	Brescia	Italy	1	11	Improvised explosive device	-	Description Private citizens & property: A bomb explodes at approximately 19:00 CET in the central area of the city, Piazzale Arnaldo, injuring 11 people and killing the German teacher Gritti Daller. The device was composed of a pressure cooker, padded with 800 grams of blasting explosive and ammonium nitrate, which could cause injuries up to 50 meters away.
23 May 1977	Glimmen	Netherlands	8	6	Hostage taking (20 days)	South Moluccan nationalists	Description Transport: Nine armed Moluccans pull the emergency brake on a train at around 9:00 and take about 50 passengers hostage. The hijacking lasted for 482 hours (20 days) before marines of the special anti-terrorist unit Bijzondere Bijstands Eenheid (BBE) started shooting at the train; an estimated 15000 bullets were shot at the train. One of the hostages and six hijackers were killed in the raid. Main article: 1977 Dutch train hostage crisis
9 June 1977	Rome	Italy	1		Small arms fire	'JCAG (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Diplomatic (Turkish): Taha Carım, Turkish diplomat and ambassador to Vatican City, is shot by two unidentified gunmen from the front and rear as he is returning to his residence. He is taken to hospital, but succumbs to his wounds 6 hours after the shooting.
13 March 1978	Assen	Netherlands	2	1	Hostage taking (2 days)	South Moluccan nationalists	Description Government institution: Three terrorists take 69 hostage at a Provincial Hall in Assen. One hostage, Ko de Groot, was executed during the situation and another, J. Trip, perished during a raid to free the captives. Main article: 1978 Dutch province hall hostage crisis
23 March 1979	The Hague	Netherlands	2	-	Small arms fire	'PIRA (Irish republicans)'	Description Diplomatic (British): Richard Sykes, then British Ambassador to the Netherlands, and his Dutch valet, Krel Straub, were killed in a gun attack in Den Haag, Netherlands.
12 October 1979	The Hague	Netherlands	1	-	Small arms fire	'JCAG (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Diplomatic (Turkish): Ahmet Benler, the son of then Turkish ambassador to the Netherlands, Özdemir Benler, is driving when a gunman—who had been standing at a trolley stop—walks up and fires between four and six shots through the vehicle's closed window. Benler dies at the scene.
16 March 1978	Rome	Italy	6	-	Grenade & Small arms fire -- Hostage taking (55 days)	'Red Brigades'	Description Political: The car of Aldo Moro, former prime minister and then president of Christian Democracy (Italian: Democrazia Cristiana), is assaulted by a group of up to 8 members of Red Brigades (Italian: Brigate Rosse, or BR) terrorists in Via Fani in Rome. Firing automatic weapons, the terrorists killed Moro's bodyguards (two Carabinieri in the car which presumably housed the politician and three policemen in the following car) and kidnapped him. On 9 May 1978 Moro's corpse is found in the trunk of a Renault 4 in Via Caetani after 55 days of imprisonment, during which the Italian government was asked for an exchange of prisoners. Main article: Kidnapping of Aldo Moro
3 May 1979	Rome	Italy	2	1	Grenade & Small arms fire	'Red Brigades'	Description Political: During the initial phase of the campaign for the general elections, a group at least 13 men of the Red Brigades attacked the headquarters of the Lazio Regional Committee for the Christian Democracy (Italian: Democrazia Cristiana) in Piazza Nicosia. Brigadier Antonio Mea, died at the scene, while Agent of the State Police, Ollanu Peter, died on 10 May as a result of his injuries.
10 March 1980	Rome	Italy	2	12	Improvised explosive device	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Private citizens & property: Twin bombs detonate at a Turkish Airlines office in Rome's Piazza della Repubblica, killing two and injuring 12. The second bomb was calculated to kill or wound the curious who came to watch after the first bomb.
15 September 1974	Paris	France	2	34	Improvised Explosive Device	PFLP (Palestinian nationalists)	Description Private Citizens & Property: A bomb explodes at the Drugstore Saint Germain, part of the fashionable circuit of restaurants and bars on Paris’s Left Bank, killing two and injuring 34.
24 October 1975	Paris	France	2	-	Grenade & Small arms fire	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Diplomatic (Turkish): As İsmail Erez is returning from a reception—and as his vehicle approached the building of the Turkish Embassy in Paris—a group of 3–4 armed Armenian militants ambush the automobile, killing him and his driver Talip Yener.
20 May 1978	Paris	France	4	3	Grenade & Small arms fire	'PFLP (Palestinian nationalists)'	Description Airports & airlines: Three terrorists open fire on El Al passengers in the departure lounge. All three terrorists are killed, along with one policeman, and three French tourists are also injured.
5 October 1978	Marseille	France	9	12	Small arms fire		Description Private citizens & property: At about 21:00 (UTC+1), three hooded men armed with sub machine guns enter a quiet neighborhood bar and shoot 21 patrons, killing nine. The attack at Le Telephone bar was likely related to organized crime, although none of the attackers were identified.
23 December 1979	Paris	France	1	-	Grenade & Small arms fire	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Diplomatic (Turkish): A gunman fires an automatic weapon amid crowds of Christmas shoppers, killing the director of the Turkish National Tourist Office, Yilmaz Colton, in Paris. The director was struck by three bullets while walking along the Champs-Élysées.
28 January 1980	Paris	France	1	8	Improvised Explosive Device		Description Diplomatic (Syrian): A bomb blast destroys the ground floor of the Syrian Embassy, killing one and injuring 8 others. Three of those injured were in a serious condition, including a pregnant woman. The attack happened 2 hours before the arrival of then Foreign Minister of Syria, Abdel Halim Khaddam, in France.
17 July 1980	Paris	France	2	4	Small arms fire	'Guards of Islam (Iranian agents)'	Description Government institutions (Shah of Iran): Former Iranian Prime Minister Shahpour Bakhtiar escapes an assassination attempt in which a French policeman and a woman neighbor are killed. Four other officers were wounded, one seriously. Allegedly posing as reporters, a trio of gunmen attempted to enter the exiled leader's apartment in Neuilly, a suburb of Paris. A police guard at an armored door to the residence resisted and a gunfight took place.
29 July 1980	Lyon	France	2	11	Small arms fire	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Diplomatic (Turkish): Two gunmen storm the Turkish Consulate General in Lyon. The gunmen are unable to locate the Turkish consul general and open fire on the waiting area, killing two people and wounding eleven others, two seriously.
3 October 1980	Paris	France	4	40	Improvised Explosive Device	-	Description Religious figures & institutions: A bomb went off outside the Union Libérale Israélite de France synagogue on Rue Copernic. The bomb had been hidden in the saddlebags of a motorcycle parked outside the synagogue on the eve of Simchat Torah. The explosion happened shortly before the end of services, however one of those killed were members of the congregation. French police initially suspected that the attack had been carried out by neo-Nazis, but later attributed it to the PFLP or one of its offshoots. Main article: 1980 Paris synagogue bombing
25 November 1980	Paris	France	2	1	Small arms fire	-	Description Private citizens & property: An unknown gunman murders the Jewish owners of a Paris travel agency that specialized in tours to Israel. The assailant walked into the office of IT-Tours and fired from an automatic pistol, fatally wounding Edwin Douek, the proprietor. His wife, Michele, was killed instantly and a clerk was slightly wounded. Edwin Douek died of his wounds later in a hospital.
4 March 1981	Paris	France	2	1	Small arms fire	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Diplomatic (Turkish): Two gunmen open fire on Turkish Labour Attache, Resat Morali, and the Religious Affairs Officer in the Turkish Embassy, Tecelli Ari. Both are killed.
21 July 1981	Athens	Greece	2	-	Small arms fire		Description Private citizens & property: Two gunmen open fire on the offices of the Angeli Koussis Shipping and Tourism Co., killing two employees of the firm.
24 September 1981	Paris	France	1	2	Small arms fire -- Hostage taking (2 days)	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Diplomatic (Turkish): At about 11:30 CET, four members of Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia took over the consulate killing a Turkish guard, wounding the Turkish Consul and taking 56 people hostage, including 8 women and a 3-year-old child. Shortly after midnight, the militants' leader started the negotiations that led to the end of the ordeal at about 2 a.m. He was promised by French authorities that the four militants would receive political asylum. The next day, however, the French Government issued a statement saying that the men would have to stand trial on charges growing out of the assault, including the death of a Turkish guard. Main article: 1981 Turkish consulate attack in Paris
29 March 1982	Ambazac	France	5	27	Improvised Explosive Device	'Carlos the Jackal'	Description Transport: A explosion on a Paris-Toulouse express train kills five passengers and injures 27 near Ambazac. The blast in the baggage compartment of the Capitole Express was caused by several pounds of extremely powerful explosives, intentionally planted. In 2011 Carlos the Jackal was tried for involvement in the attack and was subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
22 April 1982	Paris	France	1	47	Car bomb	'Carlos the Jackal'	Description Political: A powerful car bomb detonates in a crowded street in central Paris during the morning rush hour, killing a young woman and injuring 46 people. The apparent target are the offices of the Libyan newspaper Al-Watan al-Arabi. In 2011 Carlos the Jackal is tried for involvement in the attacks and is subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
9 August 1982	Paris	France	6	22	Grenade & Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Description Private Citizens & Property: Two assailants throw grenades into the dining room of the Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant and fire machine guns at the patrons. Six people die, including two American tourists, and 22 others are wounded in the attack on the Jewish restaurant in Paris's Marais district. Main article: Goldenberg restaurant attack
21 August 1982	Paris	France	1	2	Improvised Explosive Device	-	Description Diplomatic (United States): A bomb, that police said was intended to target a United States diplomat, explodes on a luxurious residential street on the Left Bank near the Eiffel Tower, killing a bomb disposal expert and wounding two others. The bomb had been planted under the vehicle of Roderick Grant, commercial counselor at the United States Embassy in Paris.
28 February 1983	Paris	France	1	4	Improvised Explosive Device	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Private Citizens & Property: A bomb detonates at the Turkish-owned Marmara Voyages tourism agency in central Paris, killing one female employee and injuring four others. The blast reportedly caused the roof of the offices to collapse.
15 July 1983	Paris	France	8	55	Improvised Explosive Device	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Airports & airlines: A bomb explodes inside a suitcase at the Turkish Airlines check-in desk in the south terminal of the Orly airport, sending flames through the crowd of passengers checking in for a flight to Istanbul. The bomb consisted of a half kilo of Semtex explosive connected to three portable gas bottles, which caused extensive burns on the victims. Three people were killed immediately in the blast and another five died in hospital. Four of the victims were French, two were Turkish, one was American, and one was Swedish. Main article: Orly Airport attack
5 August 1983	Avignon	France	7	-	Small arms fire		Description Private citizens & property: At approximately 4:00 (UTC+1), two gunmen shoot to death seven people at a Sofitel Hotel in a popular holiday town. The victims include the French consul-general for Saarbrücken in West Germany, Lucien Andre. Three other hotel guests and three employees of Sofitel were also killed after apparently being rounded up and ushered into a hotel room.
1 October 1983	Marseille	France	1	26	Improvised Explosive Device	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Description Private Citizens & Property: One man is killed and 26 people injured when multiple bombs destroyed the American, Soviet and Algerian pavilions at an international trade fair in Marseille. An Armenian guerrilla group took responsibility for the attack in a telephone call to the police. However then Interior Minister, Gaston Defferre, later stated that the far rightist Charles Martel Group had also taken responsibility for the blast.
7 November 1983	Athens	Greece	1	1	Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Description Diplomatic (Jordanian): A gunman shoots two security guards in front of the Jordanian Embassy, in a tour alley near the Acropolis. One of the victims dies of his injuries.
15 November 1983	Athens	Greece	2	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Description Diplomatic (United States): George Tsantes, deputy chief of the U.S. military assistance mission (JUSMAGG), along with his driver Nick Veloutsos, were shot dead by two young people riding a motorcycle, using a .45 caliber pistol.
31 December 1983	Marseille	France	5	58+	Improvised Explosive Device	'Carlos the Jackal'	Description Transport: A bomb explodes in the two first-class cars of an AGV locomotive as it heads north toward Paris, from the Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles. Although the train was traveling at about 100 miles an hour, it does not derail. Rescue workers find 2 passengers dead and 20 wounded, 5 of them seriously. Half an hour later a second bomb explodes in the baggage checkroom of the main hall at the Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles, killing 2 people and wounding at least 38. In 2011 Carlos the Jackal is tried for involvement in the attacks and is subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
7 February 1984	Paris	France	2	1	Small arms fire	'Hezbollah & Islamic Jihad'	Description Government institutions (Shah of Iran): 'Gholam Ali Oveisi, a four-star general under Iran's late shah, and his brother, an ex-colonel, are killed by gunmen in downtown Paris. Their driver is also wounded.
8 February 1984	Paris	France	1	-	Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Description Diplomatic (Emirati): A lone gunman shoots and kills the United Arab Emirates' ambassador to France outside the diplomat's Paris home. Khalifa Ahmed Abdel Aziz al-Mubarak is killed in a district of Paris near the Eiffel tower.
28 March 1984	Athens	Greece	2	-	Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Description Diplomatic (British): British Cultural Attache and British Council representative Kenneth Whitty is killed in his car on an Athens street by a single gunman. His passenger, fellow British council employee Artemis Economidou, is seriously wounded and later succumbs to her injuries.
25 January 1985	Paris	France	1	-	Small arms fire	'Action Directe'	Description Government institutions: General René Audran, a senior official of the French Ministry of Defence, is shot to death in front of his residence at La Celle-Saint-Cloud.
21 February 1985	Athens	Greece	2	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Description Business: Major Greek center-right press publisher and banker, Nikolaos Momferatos, is shot and killed by a gunman. His driver, Panagiotis Rousetis, also dies in the attack in the Athens suburb of Kolonaki.
23 February 1985	Paris	France	1	15	Improvised Explosive Device	-	Description Private Citizens & Property: A bomb explodes at an entrance to the Paris branch of the British-owned department store Marks & Spencer as it opened for business, killing a man and wounding 15 other people. Telephone calls claiming responsibility were received from the Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance, an outlawed group seeking the independence of France's Caribbean territories; and from Direct Action, a left-wing extremist group that had announced its fusion with the Red Army Faction terrorists of Germany.
3 March 1985	Paris	France	4	-	Small arms fire	-	Description Government institutions (Foreign: Khmer Rouge): Try Meng Huot -- a doctor in chemistry who had been a lecturer at the University of Paris before he became a Khmer Rouge leader—is killed in his Parisian apartment alongside his wife and another unidentified couple.
26 November 1985	Athens	Greece	1	14	Car bomb	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Description Government institutions: A car-bomb explosion next to a Greek riot police bus in Kaisariani, Athens, kills police officer Ioannis Georgakopoulos and injures 14 more. The 17N proclamation states that the attack was made to avenge the death of 15-year-old Michalis Kaltezas during clashes at the day of the rally commemorating the public uprising that led to the fall of the Greek military junta.
20 March 1986	Paris	France	2	28	Improvised Explosive Device	'CSPPA (Lebanese faction)'	Description Private Citizens & Property: A bomb explodes in a packed mall of luxury boutiques on the Champs-Élysées, killing 2 people and wounding 28. A second bomb, found on a subway train, was defused by police demolition experts before it could explode. A terrorist organization calling itself the Committee of Solidarity With Arab and Middle Eastern Political Prisoners asserted responsibility for the attack in a handwritten letter sent to the Beirut office of a Western news agency.
25 April 1986	Lyon	France	1	-	Small arms fire	-	Description Business: Kenneth Marston, director of a French subsidiary of Black & Decker, is shot to death outside his home.
9 September 1986	Paris	France	1	18	Improvised Explosive Device	'CSPPA (Lebanese faction)'	Description Government institutions: A bomb explodes inside the post office of the Hôtel de Ville, killing one person and wounding 18 others. The dead woman is identified as Marguerite Thuault, an employee of the post office.
15 September 1986	Paris	France	1	51	Improvised Explosive Device	'CSPPA (Lebanese faction)'	Description Government institutions: A bomb explodes inside the Parisian police headquarters, killing one person and wounding 51 others, two seriously.
17 September 1986	Paris	France	5	50+	Improvised Explosive Device	'CSPPA (Lebanese faction)'	Description Private Citizens & Property: A bomb thrown from a passing car explodes in front of a Tati department store on the Left Bank, killing at least 5 people and wounding about 50. The blast, which occurred about 17:30, destroyed the entire front of the seven-story building on the rue de Rennes.
18 October 1986	Toulon	France	4	-	Car bomb	-	Description A car explodes in the seafront market place at Toulon, killing the four occupants and setting fire to a nearby building. The police said it may have been carrying explosives in preparation for a bomb attack.
17 November 1986	Paris	France	1	-	Small arms fire	'Action Directe'	Description Business: A man and woman firing from a motorcycle kill the head of the French auto-maker Renault. Georges Besse is struck down by gunfire as he exited from his car, unaccompanied by bodyguards. He had been appointed chairman of the company in January 1985.
27 July 1980	Antwerp	Belgium	1	20	Grenade	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Description Religious figures & institutions: A Palestinian threw a hand grenade at a party of Jewish schoolchildren leaving for a vacation, killing one and wounding 20 others. The attacker, Said Al Nasr, was later arrested and sentenced to prison. In 1991, however, Nasr was 'traded' for the release of a Belgian-French family kidnapped in Libya—a demand of the Abu Nidal Organization.
2 August 1980	File:Bologna-Stemma.png Bologna	Italy	85	200+	Improvised explosive device	Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari	Description Private citizens & property: At 10:25, a time-bomb contained in an unattended suitcase detonated inside an air-conditioned waiting room, which, the month being August (and with air conditioning being uncommon in Italy at the time), was full of people. The explosion destroyed most of the main building and hit the Ancona–Chiasso train that was waiting at the first platform. The roof of the waiting room collapsed onto the passengers, which greatly increased the total number killed in the attack. Main article: Bologna massacre
20 October 1981	Antwerp	Belgium	3	106	Truck bomb	-	Description -- Religious figures & institutions: A truck bomb exploded outside a Portuguese Jewish synagogue in the centre of Antwerp. Three people were killed and 106 wounded. The attack took place on a Tuesday morning in the diamond district of Antwerp, shortly before Simchat Torah religious services were to begin. Main article: 1981 Antwerp bombing
9 October 1982	Rome	Italy	1	37	Grenade & Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Description Religious figures & institutions: As the families of the local Jewish community began leaving the Great Synagogue of Rome, five Palestinian attackers walked to the rear the synagogue and threw at least three hand grenades at the crowd, and afterwards sprayed the crowd with submachine fire. A 2-year-old toddler, Stefano Gaj Taché, was killed in the attack after being hit by shrapnel. Main article: 1982 Great Synagogue of Rome attack
13 July 1983	Brussels	Belgium	1	-	Small arms fire	-	Description Diplomatic (Turkish): Dursun Aksoy, a communications attaché with the Turkish Embassy, was shot to death by an unidentified gunman in his car.
29 July 1983	Palermo	Italy	4	-	Car bomb	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Description Government institutions: Rocco Chinnici, then Palermo's most important antimafia judge, is killed by a car bomb alongside his two bodyguards and the concierge of his apartment block.
17 September 1983	Nivelles	Belgium	3	1	Small arms fire	Brabant massacres †	Description Private citizens & property: Three heavily armed men committed an armed robbery of a Colruyt supermarket, killing three shoppers and injuring one.
1 December 1983	Anderlues	Belgium	2	-	Small arms fire	Brabant massacres †	Description Private citizens & property: Three heavily armed men committed an armed robbery of a jewelry store, killing two.
1 May 1985	Brussels	Belgium	2	13	Car bomb	'Communist Combatant Cells'	Description Government institution: Two firemen were killed in the explosion of a car bomb at the headquarters of the Belgian Employers Federation.
27 September 1985	Overijse & Braine-l'Alleud	Belgium	8	2	Small arms fire	Brabant massacres †	Description Private citizens & property: Three heavily armed men entered Delhaize supermarkets in two Brabant towns and killed eight shoppers.
9 November 1985	Aalst	Belgium	8	15	Small arms fire	Brabant massacres †	Description Private citizens & property: Three heavily armed men entered a Delhaize supermarket, demanded money from the check-out clerk and shot at point-blank range a number of shoppers. The dead included two school girls and six adults. The attackers made off with only $3,700.
6 December 1985	Liège	Belgium	1	2	Improvised Explosive Device		Description Government institution: A bomb explosion at a Belgian court building killed a man and wounded two other people. Officials reported other bombings at NATO fuel installations in Belgium and France on the same day.
22 July 1985	Copenhagen	Denmark	1	27	Improvised Explosive Device	(Palestinian nationalists)	Description Private citizens & property: A bomb detonates at the offices of Northwest Orient Airlines, a United States carrier.
23 December 1984	San Benedetto Val di Sambro	Italy	17	267	Improvised explosive device	Mafia, Camorra, neo-fascists	Description Transport: A bomb rips through a train packed with vacationers who were headed for ski resorts in the north, inside one of Europe's longest railway tunnels, killing an estimated 17 people and wounding more than 100. Two cars of the 14-car Naples-Milan express train, packed with at least 700 people, were blown up as it passed through the Apennine Tunnel 31 miles north of Florence in central Italy. Dozens of passengers fled on foot as firemen battled small fires set off by a short circuit near the site of the explosions. Main article: Train 904 bombing
13 January 1985	Rome	Italy	1	-	Small arms fire	'-'	Description Diplomatic (Libyan): An assassin shoots the gun out of the hands of a Libyan diplomat and then kills him in a gunfight. The Libyan, ambushed outside his home, was identified as Farag Omar Makhyoun an employee of the Embassy press office.
2 April 1985	Pizzolungo	Italy	3	8	Improvised explosive device	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Description Government institutions: A bomb explodes at 8:50 CET as Judge Carlo Palermo's drives by. The bombing kills Barbara Rizzo Asta and her 8-year-old twin sons, Salvatore and Giuseppe, who were driving to school in a car that was apparently between the bomb and Judge Palermo's car. Judge Palermo, his driver and two other people in his car are wounded, as are four people traveling in the police car behind them. Two of the policemen were seriously wounded. The explosion also damaged houses nearby and shattered windows for blocks. Main article: Pizzolungo bombing
25 September 1985	Rome	Italy	1	14	Improvised explosive device	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Description Private citizens & property: A bomb detonates at a British Airways office on Via Bissolati nearby the Piazza Barberini, killing one and wounding 14 others. Four of the victims were Italian employees of the airline, while the rest were customers.
27 December 1985	Rome	Italy	19	99	Grenade & Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Description Airports & airlines: At 08:15 GMT, four gunmen walk to the shared ticket counter for Israel's El Al Airlines and Trans World Airlines at Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport outside Rome, and fire assault rifles and threw grenades at the crowds waiting to check in. They killed 16 and wounded 99 before three of the attackers were killed, while the remaining one, Mohammed Sharam, was wounded and captured by the Italian police. Main article: Rome and Vienna airport attacks
19 June 1987	Barcelona	Spain	21	45	Car bomb	'ETA'	Description 1987 Hipercor bombing
14 April 1988	Naples	Italy	5	15	Improvised explosive device	'Japanese Red Army'	Description Government institutions: Five people are killed, including an American sailor, and 15 others, including several American sailors, are wounded by abomb blast in front of a United Service Organizations recreational club for American troops in Naples. Four of those killed had been standing on the street or sidewalk and appeared to have died instantly. The explosion took place at 20:00, when the street was crowded with pedestrians.
1 May 1988	Roermond & Nieuw-Bergen	Netherlands	3	3	Improvised Explosive Device -- Small arms fire	'PIRA (Irish republicans)'	Description Government institutions (United Kingdom): Three British soldiers, all members of the Royal Air Force, were killed and four others were wounded when the IRA launched separate attacks in the Netherlands. In the first attack an IRA unit opened fire on a car carrying British soldiers near Roermond, killing one and injuring three. In the second attack, two British soldiers were killed when they triggered a booby trap bomb attached to their car in Nieuw-Bergen.
28 June 1988	Athens	Greece	1	-	Car bomb	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Description Diplomatic (United States): A car bomb, detonated by remote control, kills the US naval attache in Athens. Capt. William Nordeen was killed instantly by the blast that originated in a vehicle parked by his house.
11 July 1988	Athens	Greece	11	98	Car bomb -- Grenade & Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Description Private citizens & property: Three gunmen board the ship, City of Poros, as part of its normal intake of passengers at Aegina, and wait until the ship had left the port and is three miles into its journey before they attack, at approximately 20:30 (UTC+02:00). Using concealed automatic weapons and hand grenades, they opened fire on their fellow passengers, who scattered in panic, many jumping overboard, which inadvertently caused many casualties among people who became caught in the ship's propellers. Nine tourists are killed and up to 100 others are wounded. On the day of the attack, there were 471 people on board the ship. Earlier on the day of the attack, the pier that the City of Poros usually berthed at in Piraeus was rocked by the detonation of a large car bomb. The only fatalities were the two occupants of the vehicle. Main article: City of Poros (ship)
19 December 1988	Cagnes sur Mer	France	1	12	Improvised Explosive Device		Description Private Citizens & Property: At 3:00 (UTC+1), two homemade bombs explode at a crowded hostel for mostly North African immigrant workers, killing a Romanian national and wounding at least 12 others. The first blast destroyed a number of vehicles on the street, and following this a second blast, under the main stairwell of the building, destroyed the corridor into which many residents had come to check the first blast.
27 September 1989	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Description Government institutions: Pavlos Bakoyannis, the spokesman of the leading political party at the time -- New Democracy—is shot and killed in the hallway of his office in downtown Athens.
4 January 1991	San Lazzaro di Savena	Italy	3	2	Small arms fire		Description Government institutions: Armed members of a criminal group attack a Carabinieri patrol in Bologna, killing three officers.
19 April 1991	File:Emblem of Patra.svg Patras	Greece	7	7	Improvised Explosive Device	(Palestinian nationalists)	Description Private citizens & property: A parcel bomb explodes in the offices of a courier service, killing seven people and wounding seven others in the western port city of Patras. Six of the dead were employees and the other a customer. The bombed building also housed offices of an American concern, United Parcel International, and is near the British Consulate.
16 March 1992	Copenhagen	Denmark	1	-	Improvised Explosive Device	-	Description -- Political: A bomb goes off in the office of Internationale Socialister (International Socialists) in Nørrebro, Copenhagen, killing party member Henrik Christensen. The case remains unsolved, but the act has been attributed to Neo-Nazi movements.
23 May 1992	Capaci	Italy	5	-	Car bomb	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Description Government institutions: A half-ton of explosives is placed in a culvert under the motorway between Palermo International Airport and the city of Palermo. The device is detonated as the car of magistrate Giovanni Falcone is passing over the section of motorway, killing Falcone, his wife and 3 members of a police escort. See also: Giovanni Falcone
14 July 1992	Athens	Greece	1	5	Rocket propelled grenade fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Description : The Greek Minister of Finance, Ioannis Paleokrassas, narrowly escapes assassination when terrorists launch a 3.5 inch RPG round at his armored limousine in broad daylight. The attack, near the center of Athens, kills a bystander and injures 5 other people, including Minister Paleokrassas. The Minister had been driving out of his office accompanied by his wife and daughter.
19 July 1992	Palermo	Italy	6	10	Car bomb	-	Description Government institutions: Paolo Borsellino, the chief prosecutor in the Sicilian capital, is walking with his bodyguards to his mother's apartment house when a remote-controlled bomb explodes, killing the prosecutor and 5 police escorts. Main article: Massacre of Via D'Amelio
27 May 1993	Florence	Italy	6	26	Improvised explosive device	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Description Private citizens & property: A Fiat Fiorino full of explosives, parked near the Torre dei Pulci on a street behind the Uffizi gallery, explodes killing 6 people and wounding 26, and destroying or damaging dozens of works in the gallery's art collection. Three works—one by the 17th-century Dutch painter Gerrit van Honthorst and two by the Italian Bartolomeo Manfredi—were destroyed. Thirty others, including "The Death of Adonis," by Sebastiano del Piombo, were badly damaged. Main article: Via dei Georgofili Massacre
28 July 1993	Milan	Italy	5	6+	Improvised explosive device	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Description Government institutions: A bomb explodes at about 23:15 CET, as firefighters arrived to put out a fire in a car near Piazza Cavour. Investigators said the fire apparently had been set to draw the firefighters to the explosion. Three firefighters, a traffic policeman and a passer-by are killed.
24 January 1994	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Description Government institutions: The former chairman of Greece's largest state-owned bank, Michalis Vranopoulos, is shot to death on an Athens street. He had been testifying in a judicial investigation into the bank's potentially fraudulent sale of a majority stake in a cement company.
5 October 1994	Paris	France	4	6	Small arms fire -- Hostage taking	-	Description Government institutions: Three police officers and a taxi driver are killed, and six other people—including two more officers—are wounded in separate shoot outs with two masked gunmen in Paris. The pair broke into a Paris police station to steal fire arms, then took a taxi driver hostage and forced him to drive them to the Bois de Vincennes park on the outskirts of Paris, where the final shoot out took place.
2 February 1995	Oberwart	Austria	4	-	Improvised explosive device	'Bavarian Liberation Army'	Description Private citizens & property: A pipe bomb concealed in a placard reading "Gypsies go back to India" killed four people at a Gypsy settlement. A neo-Nazi group calling itself the Bavarian Liberation Army took responsibility for the attack.
25 July 1995	Paris	France	8	150	Improvised explosive device	'GIA (Islamists)'	Description Transport: Eight people are killed and 150 wounded in an explosion of a gas canister packed with nails and bolts on a Paris regional train at the Gare de Saint-Michel-Notre-Dame rail station. The bombing was claimed by the Armed Islamic Group as reprisals for French support for Algeria's army-backed government.
3 December 1996	Paris	France	3	85	Improvised explosive device	'GIA (Islamists)'	Description Transport: A blast at 18:03 CET rips open the doors of a train on the southbound track of the Port Royal station of the regional express network on the Left Bank, scattering the wounded—totaling over 85—over the platform. Three people succumb to injuries caused by the bomb made from a 28-pound camping gas canister filled with nails.
28 May 1997	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Description Business: Greek shipping tycoon, Constantine Peratikos, is shot to death in broad daylight on an Athens street. The group issued a manifesto claiming that Peratikos was targeted because he allegedly misused a large government bailout and threatened to close down his shipyard, which would have forced the layoff of 2,000 employees.
20 May 1999	Rome	Italy	1	-	Small arms fire	New Red Brigades	Description The New Red Brigades (or Red Brigades-Fighting Communist Party) in 1999 murdered it, an advisor to the cabinet of Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema.
17 November 1999	Athens	Greece	1	-	Improvised Explosive Device	'Revolutionary Nuclei'	Description Private citizens & property: A Greek bystander is killed when a bomb explodes near the Intercontinental Hotel, where then United States President Bill Clinton was due to stay on a state visit to Greece.
19 April 2000	Plévin	France	1	-	Improvised explosive device	-	Description Private Citizens & Property: A bomb explodes beside a McDonald's in a small town in Brittany, killing a restaurant worker. The explosion, in the Dinan area, happens at about 10:00 CET, near the restaurant's drive-through window.
8 June 2000	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Description Diplomatic (British): At approximately 7:48 (UTC+2) two gunmen on a motorcycle shoot Brig. Stephen Saunders, the military attache at the British Embassy in Athens, while he was driving alone on a busy suburban street to work at the British Embassy. The gunmen escaped in traffic. Brigadier Saunders died at a hospital.
19 March 2002	Bologna	Italy	1	-	Small arms fire	New Red Brigades	Description On 19 March 2002, professor Marco Biagi, an economic advisor to Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, was killed. The Red Brigades-PCC claimed responsibility
11 October 2002	Vantaa	Finland	7	166	Suicide bombing	Petri Gerdt	Description Private citizens & property: A 19-year-old chemistry student detonates a bomb in the Myyrmanni shopping center. The bombing, which took place in Vantaa late on a Friday afternoon, is caused by a homemade explosive composed of metal shards, shotgun pellets and ammonium nitrate. Main article: Myyrmanni bombing
3 March 2003	Castiglion Fiorentino	Italy	2	-	Small arms fire	New Red Brigades	Description Two Red Brigades followers, Mario Galesi and Nadia Desdemona Lioce, started a firefight with a police patrol on a train at Castiglion Fiorentino station, near Arezzo. Galesi and Emanuele Petri (one of the policemen) were killed, Lioce was arrested.
11 March 2004	Madrid	Spain	191	2050	Improvised Explosive Device	'Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigade part of Al-Qaida'	Description Transport: Madrid. 191 people were killed and over 600 others were wounded when ten bombs detonated in Madrid on the train line. At least one of these bombs detonated at El Pozo, a small commuter station in Madrid. It is impossible to disaggregate the casualties from any of the blast sites because of poor reporting. The bombs were detonated by cell phones and were left in backpacks. At first the Spanish government blamed the separatist group, the Basque Fatherland and Freedom (ETA) for the attacks, but later the Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigade claimed responsibility on behalf of Al Qaeda. By the end of March 2004, authorities had arrested over twenty people in connection with the attack. The suspects hailed from Morocco, Pakistan, Syria and Spain. In their claim of responsibility, the Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigade says that Spain was targeted because of their cooperation with the US in the war in Iraq. In response to the attacks, the ruling Spanish party was defeated in elections mainly because they lied about those attacks (which took place four days after the incident) and the new Prime Minister vowed to remove Spanish troops from combat in Iraq. On April 3, as the police were closing in on four suspects, including Serjame ben Abdelmajid Fakhet, who they believe was the ringleader in this incident, the suspects blew themselves up in their apartment in Madrid. This blast also killed a police officer. One suspect managed to escape the apartment explosion, as he was taking out the trash at the time of the raid. Abdelmajid Bouchar escaped to Serbia, where he hid out until he was captured in August 2005.
25 November 2004	Oismae	Estonia	2	3	Suicide bombing	-	Description Government institutions: Two people are killed and three injured in the northern outskirts of the Estonian capital when a man blows himself up after taking a police officer hostage. The man, who wasn't identified, had taken the officer hostage inside a police bus. He was wearing a belt containing explosives and detonated them, killing himself and Officer Julia Gorbatsjova.
7 July 2005	London	United Kingdom	52	700	Suicide bombing	'Islamists'	Description Transport: London bombings – Suicide bombers attack one double-decker bus and three London Underground trains, killing 52 people and injuring over 700, occurring on the first day of the 31st G8 Conference. The attacks are the first suicide bombings in Western Europe.
6 December 2007	Paris	France	1	4	Improvised explosive device	-	Description Private Citizens & Property: A parcel bomb explodes at a legal office in central Paris killing a secretary and seriously injuring a lawyer. Several other people were lightly hurt in the unclaimed blast shortly before 13:00 CET on the fourth floor of a building in the capital's fashionable eighth arrondissement or district.
1 May 2009	Apeldoorn	Netherlands	7	12	Vehicle	'Karst Tates'	Description Government institutions: A man aims his car into a crowd of civilians attending a festival for the royal family; seven people are killed—including the driver—and 12 people are injured. The target of the attack is a bus carrying the Queen and her family, but the car is stopped several metres from the bus. The driver is identified as Karst Tates, 38, and is said to have acted alone. The motive for the attack is unknown.
17 June 2009	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'Sect of Revolutionaries'	Description Government institutions: Several gunmen shoot a 41-year-old anti-terrorism officer several times at close range. The officer died in his car as the assailants fled on motorcycles in the densely populated Patissia area of Athens.
28 March 2010	Athens	Greece	1	2	Improvised Explosive Device		Description Private citizens & property: A bomb explodes outside an institute for training public officials in the Patissia area of the Greek capital Athens, killing a 15-year-old boy. The boy's 10-year-old sister was seriously injured and their mother, 45, was slightly hurt. Police said the family, all Afghans, were apparently just walking past the building when the bomb, contained in a bag, exploded.
24 June 2010	Athens	Greece	1	-	Improvised Explosive Device		Description Government institutions: A powerful bomb sent in a package to the minister of public order explodes near his office, killing his 52-year-old assistant, who opened the package. The minister, Michalis Chrysochoidis, who is in charge of the police and counter-terrorism, was not in his office at the time.
19 July 2010	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'Sect of Revolutionaries'	Description Journalists & Media: At 5:25 (UTC+2), in the Llioupoli area of Athens unidentified gunmen armed with nine millimeter pistols shot and killed an investigative journalist, Sokratis Giolias, outside his residence. He was shot 15 times by three gunmen dressed as security personnel reporting someone had stolen his car. The authorities said the 37-year-old Giolias was killed by at least three assailants firing a pair of nine-millimetre handguns—the same weapons which the Revolutionary Sect group had used to kill an anti-terrorist officer in 2009. Main article: Assassination of Sokratis Giolias
11 December 2010	Stockholm	Sweden	1	2	Suicide bombing	'Taimour Abdulwahab al-Abdaly (Islamist)	Description Private citizens & property: At around 17:00 (CET), a suicide bomber detonates an improvised explosive device in one of two related attacks in the Drottningatan area of Stockholm. The resulting blast kills the bomber and wounds two civilians. Shortly before a car bomb exploded with no casualties. Main article: 2010 Stockholm bombings
2 March 2011	Frankfurt	Germany	2	2	Small arms fire	'Islamist'	Description Transport: 2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting The 2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting occurred on 2 March 2011 at Frankfurt Airport in Germany. The shooter, Arid Uka, was arrested and charged with killing two United States airmen and seriously wounding two others. He was sentenced to life in prison on 10 February 2012.
15 March 2012	Montauban	France	2	1	Small arms fire	'Mohammed Merah (Islamist)'	Description Government institutions: At around 14:00 CET, two uniformed soldiers were killed and a third was seriously injured outside a shopping centre in Montauban, while withdrawing money from a cash machine. They were all from the 17th Parachute Engineer Regiment (17e Régiment du génie parachutiste), whose barracks are close to the town. Corporal Abel Chennouf, 24, and Private Mohamed Legouad, 23, both of North African origin, were killed. Corporal Loïc Liber, 28, from Guadeloupe, was left in a coma. Main article: Toulouse and Montauban shootings
19 March 2012	Toulouse	France	4	1	Small arms fire	'Mohammed Merah (Islamist)'	Description Religious figures & institutions: At about 8:00 CET, a man drove up to the Ozar Hatorah school on a motorcycle. He dismounted, and immediately opened fire toward the schoolyard. Four people died: 30-year-old Rabbi Jonathan (Yonatan) Sandler; his two oldest (out of three) children Aryeh, aged 6, and Gabriel, aged 3; and the head teacher's daughter, eight-year-old Miriam Monsonego, the girl shot in the head. Bryan Bijaoui, a 17-year-old Jewish boy, was gravely injured. Main article: Toulouse and Montauban shootings
19 May 2012	Brindisi	Italy	1	5	Improvised explosive device	'Giovanni Vantaggiato'	Description Government institutions: Three gas cylinder bombs hidden in a large rubbish bin explode in front of the Morvillo Falcone High School, killing one 16-year-old female student and injuring five others - one seriously. Main article: 2012 Brindisi school bombing
18 July 2012	Burgas	Bulgaria	7	30	Suicide bombing	'Hezbollah & Islamic Jihad'	Description Transport: A suicide bomber detonates an explosive device on a bus carrying 42 Israeli tourists nearby Burgas Airport. The explosion killed the Bulgarian bus driver and five Israelis. Investigators found forged documents, used by the perpetrators of the attack, that had been obtained by a man with ties to Hezbollah. Main article: 2012 Burgas bus bombing
24 May 2014	Brussels	Belgium	4	0	Small arms fire	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant	Description -- Religious figures & institutions: On 24 May 2014, a gunman opened fire at the Jewish Museum of Belgium in Brussels, Belgium, killing four people. Three died at the scene; a fourth was taken to hospital and died on 6 June. The attack is being investigated as terrorism by Belgian authorities. Main article: Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
7 January 2015	Paris	France	12	11	Small arms fire	Al-Qaeda in Yemen	Description -- Religious figures & institutions: On the morning of 7 January 2015, at about 11:30 local time, two Islamist terrorists armed with assault rifles and other weapons forced their way into the offices of the French satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris. They fired up to 50 shots, initially killing 11 people and injuring 11 others, and shouted "Allahu Akbar" (Arabic for "God is [the] greatest") during their attack. Main article: Charlie Hebdo shooting
14 February 2015	Copenhagen	Denmark	2	5	Small arms fire	Omar Abdel Hamid El-Hussein	Description -- Religious figures & institutions: A shooting spree occurred in Copenhagen, Denmark, starting on the afternoon of 14 February 2015. The first shooting took place at 15:33 CET at the Krudttønden cultural centre during a public seminar called "Art, Blasphemy and Freedom of Expression". The event was to commemorate the 26th anniversary of the fatwa issued by Ayatollah Khomeini calling for the killing of Salman Rushdie. A gunman killed one civilian, and wounded three police officers. Swedish artist Lars Vilks was in attendance, and it is thought Vilks was the main target as a result of the controversy over his drawings of Muhammad. The French ambassador to Denmark, François Zimeray, was also in attendance. Main article: 2015 Copenhagen shootings
13 November 2015	Paris	France	127+	200+	Small arms fire+explosives	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Aerial

Date	Sub	Flight	Dead	Hurt	Pax.	Type	Perpetrator	Description
18 February 1969		El Al — 432 AMS → ZRH → TLV	1	8	28	Grenade & Small arms fire	PFLP (Palestinian nationalists)	—Ground. Zurich Kloten Airport, Switzerland An El Al operated Boeing 720-058B is attacked by a squad of four armed militants while it was preparing for takeoff at the Zurich International Airport in Kloten. At least 8 passengers and crew were injured during the attack and co-pilot, Yoram Peres, died of his wounds a month later. The plane was severely damaged. A greater disaster was averted when an undercover Israeli security agent stationed on the plane, opened fire at the attackers and killed the squad leader.
17 December 1973		Lufthansa — 'Unnamed Boeing 737' FCO → ATH → DAM → KWA	2	2	10	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (2 days)	-	—Hijacking on ground at Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, Italy & hostages freed in Kuwait Following the attack on Pan Am Flight 110, 5 Italian hostages are captured and placed on a Lufthansa airliner, and the pilot forced to fly to Beirut. An Italian customs agent dies in the terminal during the capture of the five Italians. After Lebanese authorities refused to let the plane land, it landed in Athens, where the terrorists demanded the release of 2 Arab terrorists. In order to make Greek authorities comply with their demands, the terrorists killed a hostage and threw his body onto the tarmac. The plane then flew to Damascus, where it stopped for two hours to obtain fuel and food. It then flew to Kuwait, where the terrorists released their hostages in return for passage to an unknown destination. The Palestine Liberation Organization disavowed the attack, and no group claimed responsibility. See also: 1973 Rome airport attacks and hijacking
8 September 1974		Trans World Airlines — 841 TLV → ATH → FCO → JFK	88	-	88	Improvised Explosive Device	Abu Nidal Organisation (Suspected)	—Greek airspace About 30 minutes after takeoff, the TWA operated Boeing 707-331B crashed into the Ionian Sea. The out of control aircraft was observed on the flight deck of Pan Am 110. They watched the TWA aircraft execute a steep climb, the separation of an engine from the wing, and the craft spiral into the ocean. All 79 passengers and nine crew members were killed. The National Transportation Safety Board determined the plane was destroyed by a bomb in the cargo hold, which caused structural failure resulting in uncontrollable flight. Forty-nine passengers boarded the plane in Tel Aviv for Italy and the United States. They included 17 Americans (plus a baby), 13 Japanese, 4 Italians, 4 French, 3 Indians, 2 Iranians, 2 Israelis, 2 Sri Lankans, an Australian and a Canadian. The nationalities of 30 other passengers and the 9 crew members were not immediately known at the time. Reuters reported a total of 37 Americans aboard.
27 June 1976	—	Air France — 193 TLV → BEN → EBB	4	10	260	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (8 days)	PFLP-EO (Palestinian nationalists) & Revolutionary Cells	—Hijacking in Israeli airspace & raid to free hostages at Entebbe Airport, Uganda The dead include 4 hostages, 1 Israeli soldier and 7 hijackers. Up to 50 more Ugandan soldiers are killed in the Israeli operation. See also: Operation Entebbe
13 October 1977	—	Lufthansa — 181 PMI → FCO → LCA → BAH → DXB → ADE → MGQ	1	4	91	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (6 days)	PFLP (Palestinian nationalists)	—Hijacking in French airspace & raid to free hostages at Aden Adde Intl. Airport, Somalia One member of the crew is killed along with 3 hijackers. Another crew member and 3 passengers are also injured. See also: German Autumn
14 June 1985	—	Trans World Airlines — 847 ATH → BEY → ALG → BEY → ALG → BEY	1	5	147	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (3 days)	Hezbollah & Islamic Jihad	—Hijacking in Greek airspace & hostages freed in Beirut, Lebanon A Trans World Airlines Boeing 727 is hijacked by two Lebanese men, who had smuggled pistols and grenades through the Athens airport security, after originally taking off from Cairo. The flight was en route from Athens to Rome and then scheduled to terminate in London. The hijackers were seeking the release of 700 Shi'ite Muslims from Israeli custody. Some passengers were threatened and some beaten. United States Navy diver Robert Dean Stethem was killed, and his body was thrown onto the tarmac. Dozens of passengers were held hostage over the next two weeks until released by their captors after some of their demands were met.
23 November 1985	—	Egypt Air — 648 ATH → MLA	58	20+	95	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (2 days)	Abu Nidal Organisation	—Hijacking in Greek airspace & raid to free hostages at Malta International Airport, Malta The Boeing 737-266 took off at 20:00 (UTC+2) on an Athens-to-Cairo route. Ten minutes after takeoff, three Palestinian gunmen hijacked the aircraft. The terrorists, calling themselves the Egypt Revolution, were armed with guns and grenades. During the initial hijacking an Egyptian Security Service agent opened fire, killing one terrorist instantly before being wounded along with two flight attendants. In the exchange of fire the fuselage was punctured, causing a rapid depressurization. The aircraft was forced to descend to 14,000 feet (4,300 m) to allow the crew and passengers to breathe. The ailing plane was diverted to land in Malta. The chief hijacker threatened to kill a passenger every 15 minutes until his demands were met. An Israeli woman, Nitzan Mendelson and an American, Scarlett Marie Rogenkamp, were executed. On 25 November, the storming of the aircraft by the Egyptian Al-Sa'iqa (Thunderbolt) unit — Task Force 777 — killed 54 out of the remaining 87 passengers, two crew members and one hijacker. A total of 58 out of the 95 passengers and crew had died and 2 out of the 3 hijackers by the time the crisis was over. Maltese medical examiners estimated that 4 passengers were shot to death by the commandos.
2 April 1986		Trans World Airlines — 840 FCO → ATH	4	7	122	Improvised Explosive Device	Abu Nidal Organisation	—Greek airspace About 20 minutes before landing, a bomb hidden underneath seat 10-F is detonated on the Boeing 727-231 -- flying en route from Rome to Athens -- while it was over Argos, Greece, blasting a hole in the plane's starboard side. Four American passengers, including a nine-month-old infant, are ejected through the hole to their deaths below. Seven others on the aircraft were injured by shrapnel as the cabin suffered a rapid decompression. The remaining 110 passengers survived the incident as pilot Richard "Pete" Petersen made an emergency landing.
19 September 1989		Union de Transport Aériens — 772 BZV → NDJ → CDG	170	-	170	Improvised explosive device	Libyan agents	—Niger airspace A McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft operated by the French airline Union des Transports Aériens took off from N'Djamena International Airport at 13:13. Forty-six minutes later, at its cruising altitude of 10,700 metres (35,100 ft), a bomb explosion caused UTA Flight 772 to break up over the Sahara Desert 450km east of Agadez in the southern Ténéré of Niger. All 155 passengers and 15 crew members died.
24 December 1994		Air France — 8969 ALG → MRS	3	16	232	Hijacking	GIA (Islamists)	—Hijacking in Algiers & raid to free hostages at Marseille Provence Airport, France. An Air France Airbus A300B2-1C is hijacked by the Armed Islamic Group at Houari Boumedienne Airport, Algiers, Algeria, with the intention of blowing up the plane over the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Three passengers are killed. When the aircraft reaches Marseille, the GIGN, an intervention group of the French National Gendarmerie, storms the plane and kills all four hijackers. Thirteen passengers, three crew and nine GIGN members are injured.

See also

• Islamic terrorism in Europe
• Left-wing terrorism in Europe
• Right-wing terrorism in Europe
• Terrorism in the United Kingdom
• List of terrorist incidents in Great Britain
  • List of terrorist incidents in London
• Terrorism in Greece
• Terrorism in Norway
• Terrorism in Sweden
• Terrorism in the United States
• List of terrorist incidents in France
• Terrorism in Germany

Bibliography

• Barry M. Rubin; Judith Colp Rubin (2008). Chronologies of Modern Terrorism. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765622068.