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Reactions to the November 2015 Paris attacks

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Main article: November 2015 Paris attacks
The Sky Tower in Auckland (left), Taipei 101 in Taipei (center) and CN Tower (right) displaying the Tricolour of France after the attacks.

Many international leaders, governments and organisations issued statements of mourning and solidarity in response to the 13 November 2015 Paris attacks.

File:Peace for Paris.svg
The peace icon of the hashtags #PrayforParis and #jesuisparis[1]

Facebook reintroduced its safety check-in system so users in Paris could notify friends and family that they were safe. Facebook also encouraged users to customize their profile pictures with a transparent overlay of the French flag to 'support France and the people of Paris'.[2]

In the hours after the attack, some Parisians used social media, in particular the Twitter hashtag #PorteOuverte (French for "#OpenDoor"), to offer overnight shelter to strangers stranded by the attacks.[3] The hashtag trended worldwide.[3] A modified version of the International Peace Symbol by London-based French graphic designer Jean Jullien, in which the centre fork was modified to resemble the Eiffel Tower, was also widely spread.[4][5] The symbol was widely shared with the hashtags #PrayForParis and #JeSuisParis.[1] It was criticised in conservative U.S. media as being a symbol of "weakness and surrender".[6]

French foreign exchange students gathered in Union Square in New York City where they lit candles and sang La Marseillaise.[7] Vigils took place in Sydney,[8] Montreal,[9] London[10] and elsewhere.[11]

In the wake of the attack, phrases such as "Je Suis Paris" and "We are all Parisians" appeared on news broadcasts and social media websites worldwide to show solidarity with the victims.[12][13][14] This was similar to the reactions after the January 2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting with the phrase "Je Suis Charlie" and reflects the historic phrases ich bin ein Berliner in the 1961 Berlin crisis and the phrase "Tonight, we are all Americans" spoken on air by France 2 reporter Nicole Bacharan after the September 11 attacks.[15] Also, there are 5,700,000 posts on Instagram with the Hashtag "PrayForParis" as of Novemeber 15, 2015.

Following the attacks, multiple landmark structures around the world were lit in the colours of the French flag, including the spire of One World Trade Center in New York City (the Empire State Building was left unlit, in respect[16]), the Washington Square Arch also in Manhattan,[16] Tower Bridge in London,[17] the London Eye,[18] the San Francisco Civic Center, the CN Tower in Toronto,[19] the Sky Tower in Auckland,[20] the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin,[21] the Sydney Opera House in Sydney,[22] the Space Needle and CenturyLink Field in Seattle,[23][24] Presidential Administration of Georgia, Tbilisi City Assembly and The Bridge of Peace in Tbilisi,[25] the Ángel de la Independencia in Mexico City,[26] the Oriental Pearl Tower in Shanghai,[27][28] the KL Tower,[29] the Wembley Stadium arch in London,[30] Petřín Lookout Tower in Prague,[31] Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw,[32] Matenadaran in Yerevan,[33] the Museum of Contemporary Art in Zagreb,[34] National Music Academy in Kiev,[35] the Acropolis of Athens,[36] the Athens City Hall,[37][38] the Peristeri City Hall,[39] the White Tower of Thessaloniki,[40] the lighthouse of Chania[41] in Greece, the Tower of Belém in Lisbon,[42] the city hall in Tel Aviv[43], the Old City walls in Jerusalem[44], the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro[45] and the Torre Colpatria in Bogotá.[46]

Brandenburg Gate in Berlin in French flag colours, 14 November 2015
French Embassy in Warsaw, Poland, 14 November 2015

At the 800th annual Lord Mayor's Show in London a two-minute silence was held with flags at half-mast while fireworks were cancelled.[47] Two separate vigils were held in Trafalgar Square,[48] with other vigils being held around the UK, including Liverpool, Leeds and Glasgow.[49][50][51]

At the City Hall of Athens, the flags of France, Greece and European Union were at half-mast to mourn for the victims. Also, the Christmas decorations of Athens have been left unlit.[37]

Government reactions

Countries

  •  Albania: President Bujar Nishani and the prime minister Edi Rama express their condolences to the Government of France.[52][53]
  •  Algeria: President Abdelaziz Bouteflika condemned the attacks, stating "Algeria strongly condemns these terrorist crimes, which attest, unfortunately once more, to the fact that terrorism is a cross-border scourge," [54]
  •  Afghanistan: President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani condemned the attacks, offering his condolences and support to France saying "The brutal attacks in Paris prove that global terrorism does not recognize borders. The people of Afghanistan stand with France on this terrible day. Terrorism is a serious threat to the entire world and we are united in the struggle." [55]
  •  Andorra: In a letter to the President of France, who also serves as Co-Prince of Andorra, the Prime Minister and Receiver General strongly condemned the attacks and expressed their solidarity with the French people. Flags were flown at half-mast.[56]
  •  Argentina: President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner condemned, via Twitter, the attacks that took place in France killing dozens of people.[57]
  •  Armenia: President Serzh Sargsyan express his condolences to the Government of France and participated in candlelight vigil at France Square in Yerevan.[58]
  •  Australia: Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull expressed solidarity with France saying "In France and Australia, all around the world, we stand shoulder to shoulder with the people of France and with all free peoples in the battle against terrorism". In light of the attacks Turnbull also added that Australian authorities do not believe that there are any impending terrorist attacks on Australian soil to justify raising of the terror threat alert level in the country, but he was quick to reassure the safety of Australians both at home and abroad.[59]
  •  Austria: President Heinz Fischer condemned the attacks and offered his condolences, saying "I am deeply shocked and appalled by the series of attacks in Paris. I express the French people and especially the families of the victims my deepest condolences. These are moments when we stick together firmly and must demonstrate unity against inhumanity," [60]
  •  Azerbaijan: President Ilham Aliyev condemned the attacks, stating “We are extremely angered by this horrible incident, resolutely condemn terror and comprehensively support fight against all its manifestations. In this difficult time our thoughts are with the people of France, with you.” [61]
  •  Bangladesh: Following the attacks Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina stated "I am deeply shocked by the series of terrorist attacks in Paris that killed so many innocent people and left many others injured. I along with the people and the government of Bangladesh strongly condemn these acts of terror and stand in solidarity with the people and the government of France."[62] In addition, President Abdul Hamid strongly condemned the attacks and prayed for the souls of the slain victims and expressed his condolences to the bereaved family members.[63]
  •  Belarus: President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko has sent condolences to the President of France Francois Hollande, the French people, families and friends of those killed and injured in the series of terrorist attacks in Paris: "With great pain in Belarus accepted the news of numerous casualties as a result of the terrorist attacks that took place in Paris on the night from 13 to 14 November 2015. On behalf of the Belarusian people and on my own behalf, I express my deepest condolences and words of support to the families and friends of those killed and injured, as well as all French people "
  •  Belgium: King Philippe expressed the solidarity of Belgium with the French people and the families of the victims of these "heinous acts".[64]
  •  Bolivia: President Evo Morales voiced solidarity with France following the attacks. [65]
  •  Bosnia and Herzegovina: Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina issued a statement condemning the attacks and stating that "this vile, cowardly and mindless attack isn't just an attack on Paris and France, but an attack on all of humanity and the concept of democracy." They also added that stopping these attacks can only be done by being united and working together.[66]
  •  Brazil: President Dilma Rousseff said, via Twitter, that was "appalled by the terrorist barbarity", repudiating the terrorist attacks.[67] The Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (Itamaraty), in a statement, expressed "deep sorrow" by the Brazilian government, conveyed condolences to the relatives of victims and declared solidarity with the French people and the Government of France. Brazilian citizens who are in France are getting the Brazilian Consulate support in Paris, through a phone line.[68]
  •  Bulgaria: In a condolence letter addressed to French President Francois Hollande, President Rosen Plevneliev strongly condemned the attacks against innocent people.[69] Prime Minister Boyko Borissov declared "full support and sympathy" with the families of the victims and French authorities on his official Twitter account.[70]
  •  Canada: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau expressed solidarity with Canada's "French cousins" and said Canada offered all possible assistance to the government of France in wake of the attacks. "We have offered all of our help and support to the government of France, to the people of France at this time. And we'll continue to engage with our allies around the world in ensuring the safety of Canadians and others both here at home and around the world."[71]
  •  Chile: President Michelle Bachelet condemned the attacks, calling them "cowardly acts of terror"[72]
  •  China: Premier Li Keqiang strongly condemned Paris terror attacks and delivered condolences and sympathy to the victims.[73] President Xi Jinping, in a message to President Hollande, wrote "on behalf of the Chinese government and the Chinese people, and personally, condemn in the strongest terms the barbaric acts."[74] Foreign Minister Wang Yi told his French counterpart, Laurent Fabius that China is willing to cooperate with France against terrorism which he describes as "the cancer of society". Wang said that China was "shocked" and condemns the attacks. He also added that China mourns for those killed in the attacks, expresses condolences to the families of people who were killed and injured due to the attacks.[75]
    •  Hong Kong: Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying condemned the attacks and expressed deep sympathies. The Hong Kong government issued an amber travel alert for France, and urged residents to avoid non-essential travel to France, in particular to the Ile de France area[76]
  •  Colombia: President Juan Manuel Santos condemned the attacks on his official Twitter account: "We condemn attacks in Paris. Our solidariy goes to the french people and President François Hollande. Coincidentally I talked to him today."[77] In another tweet he confirmed his presence in the UN Climate Change Conference to be held in Paris.[78]
  •  Croatia: President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović stated on her official Twitter account that she is "shocked" by the attacks and "deeply saddened by the loss of so many lives." She added that the people of Croatia stand with the people of France.[79] Prime Minister Zoran Milanović called a news conference on 14 November and stated that Croatian security forces and agencies were on high alert. He also stated that he does not link the attacks to the European migrant crisis, with Croatia being the main transit country for entry into Schengen.[80]
  •  Cuba: President Raúl Castro, on learning of the terrorist attacks, wrote to President Hollande to express his condolences on behalf of the people and government of Cuba.[81]
  •  Czech Republic: Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka sent condolences to his French counterpart Manuel Valls saying "he was shocked by the brutality of the terrorist attacks carried in Paris and it has filled his heart with deep sorrow". He expressed solidarity and sympathies of the Czech Republic and offered France all the necessary cooperation.[82] Foreign Minister Lubomír Zaorálek expressed, on Twitter, support to the French president. He noted that such violence must be punished and we must not give up our lives and civilization we have built.[83][84][85] President Miloš Zeman and Prime Minister Sobotka visited the French embassy in Prague, where they laid flowers and paid tribute.[86] The Czech deputy prime minister stated that "it will be necessary to close the Schengen border."[87]
  •  Denmark: Prime Minister Lars Løkke issued an official statement in which he stated: "I strongly condemn the perpetrators who are responsible for these terrorist attacks against French society, and I have expressed our sympathy for the people of France to President Hollande."[88]
  •  Ecuador: President Rafael Correa called for solidarity after the attacks. [89]
  •  Egypt: President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi telephoned President François Hollande and offered condolences on behalf of the Egyptian people to the French government and people for the victims of the despicable terrorist attack. He affirmed Egypt's solidarity with France and condemnation of terrorism in all its forms. El-Sisi also insisted that these terrorist acts occurring in different parts of the world will not deter these nations and peoples from fighting terrorism and extremism and their destructive and extreme ideologies.[90]
  •  Ethiopia: Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn condemned the attacks, and Foreign Minister Tedros Adhanom offered condolences saying “Our sympathies and condolences to the families of the victims of the terror attack in Paris. Our solidarity is with the people and government of France,”[91]
  •  Fiji: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama released a statement saying "Every Fijian shares my horror at the terrorist attacks in Paris. On behalf of the Fijian Government and Fijian people, I want to express both our deepest condolences and our unwavering solidarity with the people of France" and described the nature of the attacks on innocent people as "especially horrifying"[92]
  •  Finland: President Sauli Niinistö strongly condemns the terrorist attacks. He said that Finland will give all possible support to France in the fight against terrorism.[93]
  •  Germany: Chancellor Angela Merkel offered her condolences to the French people, saying: "We, your German friends, we feel so close to you. We are crying with you."[94] President Joachim Gauck said during a speech at Schloss Bellevue: "The grief does not stop at the Rhine. […] But the terrorists will not have the last word. That night will not have the last word."[95]
  •  Georgia: President Giorgi Margvelashvili expressed his condolences, and stated "All of Georgia was moved by the brutal terrorist acts in France that killed many people. This is a crime against all of humanity. The people of Georgia and I stand by you and express our firm solidarity to you in your efforts against terrorism. Please convey my sympathies to the families of those who were killed and I wish a speedy recovery to all those who were injured." [96]
  •  Greece: Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras expressed condolences to president Hollande.[97] In a public statement the day following the attacks, the Greek PM said: "Last night's bloody terrorist attack in Paris was a blind but targeted strike. It was a blow against Europe, home of Democracy and freedom, a blow against multiculturalism."[98] The Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued the following announcement: "The Greek people as a whole are shocked at the cowardly, deadly terrorist attacks that took place a short while ago in Paris. These attacks are attacks not only against France, but also against the whole of the civilized world and democracy itself."[99]
  •  Guatemala: The government of Guatemala condemned the attacks. [100]
  •  Hungary: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán declared 15 November as a national day of mourning on state television, as an expression of solidarity with the French people.[101] Orbán sent his condolences to the relatives of the victims and to every citizen of France. He added "Hungarian people stand by the French in these extremely difficult hours".[102] Minister of Justice László Trócsányi, also a former ambassador to France, told "I was deeply shocked to hear of the series of senseless attacks". He also invited people to a commemoration outside the Institut de France in Budapest.[103] The Hungarian government decided to reinforce security measures countrywide, including the increasing of law enforcement presence in public areas and strengthen the protection of priority sites such as the Paks Nuclear Power Plant and Budapest Airport.[104]
  •  Iceland: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson condemned the attacks, stating that they are an attack on the "civilization of our time, freedom, democracy and human rights". Foreign Minister Gunnar Bragi Sveinsson also added ""It is clear that these were acts of barbaric extremism and will have to be met with calm and restraint. We stand behind the French nation during these critical times, mindful of the French values of freedom, equality and fraternity," [105]
  •  India: While visiting London, Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated "News from Paris is anguishing and dreadful. Prayers with families of the deceased. We are united with people of France in this tragic hour".[106] while head of state President Pranab Mukherjee strongly condemned the attacks and stated that "India stands firmly by France, my heart goes out to its people."[107]
  •  Indonesia: President Joko Widodo expressed condolences on the attack. On Twitter, the president said that "Terrorism, regardless of form and reason, cannot be tolerated." He also asked the international community to join the fight against terrorism.[108]
  •  Israel: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu expressed condolences in the terror attack that happened. He also ordered that the Israeli flag should be in half-mast. He said: "Israel stands shoulder to shoulder with President Francois Hollande and with the French people in the war against terrorism. I send condolences on behalf of the Israeli people to the families of the victims, and wish a speedy recovery to the injured." PM Netanyahu also ordered security forces to tighten security.[109]
  •  Iran: Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif expressed condolence to France and its people following the attacks and said that he condemns "terrorist operations at any forms" saying that Iran as a victim of terrorist attacks has been against all forms activities related to terrorism. He also added that Iran believes that terrorism and extremism is a threat not just limited in the Middle East region and urged anti-terrorism efforts not to be restricted to the region.[111] President Hassan Rouhani has also postponed his visit to Italy and France due to the attacks and also strongly condemned the incident describing the attacks as crimes against humanity and expressed condolence to the French people and government.[112]
  •  Ireland: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda Kenny in a statement "My thoughts and those of all the Irish people are with the French people this evening. As ever we stand as one with them and will never bend to the evil of terrorism." He added on his official Twitter account: "This is a shocking attack on humanity. Our thoughts and prayers are with the victims and families. We stand with France tonight."[113] President Michael D. Higgins said he was shocked to learn of the unfolding events, "On behalf of the Irish people and on my own behalf I offer deepest sympathy through president Hollande to the people of France on this dreadful loss of life and appalling injuries."[114]
  •  Iraq: Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi whose government is involved in fighting against ISIS said "We condemn and deplore the terrorist attacks in Paris, which emphasise that fighting terrorism calls for international efforts to eliminate it in all countries"[115]
    •  Iraqi Kurdistan: Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani stated, "It is with great sadness that I learned of the horrific attacks on the people of Paris. I offer the deepest condolences, and the strongest solidarity, of the people of the Kurdistan Region. France has stood resolutely with the Kurdistan Region in our own struggle against terrorism, and we will stand with them in theirs. The challenge of defeating this threat unites so many nations and peoples around the world. It is a struggle between civilization and intolerance and barbarism. Attacks like this are designed to spread fear, but the international community must instead respond with a strengthened resolve. Indeed, this tragedy came one day after a great defeat for Daesh in Sinjar. Terrorism can, and will, be defeated."[116]
  •  Italy: Prime Minister Matteo Renzi condemned the attacks, stating that with the attack to France, terrorists "have struck the whole world". He also uploaded a video on YouTube with his public speech, in Italian, directed to the people and government of France. The Minister of the Interior Angelino Alfano said that the alert measures have been raised in the whole country and that the intelligence agents are now in direct contact with the French ones.[117][118]
  •  Jamaica: Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller Jamaica joined "all peace-loving peoples" to condemn the attacks as "heartless and barbaric" and pledged to stand "in defence of the universal values of life, liberty and peace for which Jamaica stands as a nation. We pledge our solidarity and support in concert with the global peace-loving community to root out and destroy the acts of evil that those who hate our way of life and values would unleash upon us"[119]
  •  Japan: Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga condemned the attacks, telling reporters that he felt "strong shock and outrage" to the attacks which he describes as “cruel and extremely cowardly acts of terrorism.” Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida said that Japan intends to cooperate with France in an ongoing "international fight" against terrorism. He also added that Japan stands with France. Security was boosted in locations related to French interests in Tokyo and other places in Japan such as the French Embassy in Tokyo.[120]
  •  Jordan: King Abdullah II condemned the attacks, stating that he "expressed strong condemnation and indignation at the cowardly terrorist act," [121]
  •  Kazakhstan: President Nursultan Nazarbayev condemned the attacks, stating "Kazakhstan condemns terrorism and extremism in all forms as threats to the international security." [122]
  •  Kenya: President Uhuru Kenyatta, in a statement issued hours after the attack, condemned the murder of innocent civilians in cold blood, stating that Kenya has suffered similar attacks. This was in reference to the Garissa University College attack earlier in 2015, and the Westgate shopping mall attack, which were primarily targeted at civilians. He added that Kenya was ready to offer every assistance possible, and that he would continue to relentlessly push the country's war against terrorist groups such as Al-Shabaab and their support networks.[123]
  •  Kuwait: Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah condemned the terrorist attacks, stating "these criminal acts of terrorism ... run counter to all teachings of holy faith and humanitarian values." [124]
  •  Kyrgyzstan: President Almazbek Atambayev condemned the attacks and offered condolences, saying "Kyrgyzstan condemns terrorism in its all forms and supports efforts of the international community in fighting that threat,"[125]
  •  Lithuania: President Dalia Grybauskaitė condemned the attack and gave her condolences to the French people.[126]
  •  North Macedonia: President Gjorge Ivanov condemned the attacks, stating “We will not allow the terrorists to instill us with fear” [127]
  •  Malaysia: Prime Minister Najib Razak, in his Twitter expressed his shock about the attack, and condemns the 'outrageous attacks in Paris on innocent civilians'.[128][129]
  •  Malta: Prime Minister Joseph Muscat said via Twitter that Malta's 'solidarity goes out to [Francois Hollande] and people of France'.[130][131] He also announced that Malta would observe a minute's silence on Monday[132] and ordered that the Maltese flag be flown at half mast on the Prime Ministers office, the Auberge de Castille.[133]
  •  Mexico: President Enrique Peña Nieto condemned the attacks through Twitter and sent condolences to the French people and the victims' families.[134] He stated that the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs was working with French officials to assist any Mexican nationals in need of assistance in Paris.[135] On the night of the incident, the headquarters of the Foreign Affairs building in Mexico City was illuminated with the colors of the French flag. While heading to Turkey for the G-20 Summit, Peña Nieto was interviewed at the airport and reiterated his solidarity with France. He stated that the incident was likely going to discussed at the G-20 meeting.[136]
  •  Montenegro: President Milo Djukanovic offered support to France, saying that Montenegro “stands beside France in these difficult moments." [137]
  •  Morocco: King Mohammed VI offered "most saddened" condolences to the French President, the families of the victims and to French citizens, wishing a speedy recovery for the wounded. He condemned "in the strongest terms, on behalf of the Moroccan people and in my own name, these vile terrorist acts," and expressed "full solidarity and support in this ordeal.” [138]
  •  Netherlands: Prime Minister Mark Rutte responded in the evening of the attacks that he was shocked. "Our thoughts are by the victims and their relatives. This is disgraceful, the whole nation empathizes with France. France can count on our support."[139]
  •  Nepal: Prime Minister K. P. Sharma Oli condemned the attack through Twitter and offered condolences to the French President.[140]
  •  New Zealand: Prime Minister John Key expressed his condolences to the victims "our hearts go out to those involved and our thoughts with them and their families" and pledged that New Zealand would stand with France in the fight against terrorism.[141]
  •  Norway: King Harald V, Prime Minister Erna Solberg and Foreign Minister Børge Brende all sent their condolences, condemning the attacks.[142]
  •  Pakistan: The Foreign Office of Pakistan strongly condemned the attacks and issued the following statement: "The people and government of Pakistan strongly condemn the deadly terrorist attacks in Paris. We stand with them in their hour of grief. We pray for speedy recovery of the injured".[143]
  •  Panama: President Juan Carlos Varela condemned the attacks and ordered increased security at the Panama Canal. [144] [145]
  •  Paraguay: President Horacio Cartes condemned the terrorist acts, calling them "despicable terror attacks"[146]
  •  Peru: President Ollanta Humala strongly condemned the attacks and encouraged solidarity.[147]
  •  Poland: President Andrzej Duda declared his grief and solidarity over the attacks.[148] Polish Minister for European affairs declared that Poland in wake of the attacks will renounce the EU plan for relocation of Middle Eastern refugees saying "“In the wake of the tragic events in Paris, Poland doesn’t see the political possibilities to implement a decision on the relocation of refugees"[149][150][151][151]
  •  Philippines: Deputy Presidential Spokesperson Abigail Valte issued a statement condemning the attacks that "showed not only premeditation but the cruelty that demands the greatest indignation from the world" and said that the Philippines mourns and stands shoulder to shoulder with France. Valte also urged Filipinos in Paris to cooperate with local authorities and said that the Department of Foreign Affairs through its embassy in Paris has been monitoring the situation.[152] President Benigno Aquino III echoed Valte's statements expressing solidarity mentioning that France has stood shoulder to shoulder with the Philippines following the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan.[153] Foreign Undersecretary Laura del Rosario said to Agence France-Presse reporters on November 14, that the attacks on Paris has prompted the organizers to impose "higher security" measures for the 2015 APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting to be held from 18–19 November 2015 in Manila.[154]
  •  Portugal : President Aníbal Cavaco Silva expressed in a telegram to the French President his consternation about the terrorist attacks in Paris and the high number of deaths. Also the Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho and the opposition leader António Costa has expressed in letters condolences and solidarity to the French President.[155]
  •  Republic of Korea: President Park Geun-hye offered her condolences over the attacks and pledged support for global counter-terrorism efforts, stating that "Terrorism is a crime against humanity. It is never justified and should not be tolerated in any circumstance". She then states that South Korea will strongly supports French efforts to root out terrorism and vowed to join international anti-terrorism efforts.[156]
  •  Romania: President Klaus Iohannis expressed his regrets about the incident and his sympathy with the French people, also calling for more determination in fighting terrorism. Other Romanian politicians also expressed solidarity with France and The French embassy in Bucharest opened an online condoleance log on their website.[157]
  •  Russia: President Vladimir Putin sent condolences and words of solidarity to French President Francois Hollande and the French people, as well as the families and friends of the victims "in connection with the death of a large number of peaceful citizens in an unprecedented series of terrorist acts in Paris". The tragedy was an "additional proof of the barbaric nature of terrorism that is posing a challenge to human civilisation", he stressed.[158] Dmitry Medvedev, the Prime Minister of Russia, expressed condolences on behalf of the government and personally to his French counterpart Manuel Valls, calling to unite in the fight against extremism.[159]
  •  South Africa: President Jacob Zuma sent his condolences to the people and the government of France in a message sent to President Hollande following the attacks. The Department of International Relations and Cooperation confirmed that it was in contact with its embassy in France to ensure the safety of South African citizens in France.[160]
  •  Saudi Arabia: The Saudi Government condemned the attacks, with the Saudi Press Agency releasing a statement from the Council of Senior Scholars saying "Terrorists are not sanctioned by Islam and these acts are contrary to values of mercy it brought to the world," [161]
  •  Singapore: President Tony Tan expressed his condolences saying "As France mourns the victims, Singapore stands in solidarity with the French people in this difficult time" while Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong condemned the attacks, calling them "heinous" and "an attack on our shared humanity". [162]
  •  Serbia: President Tomislav Nikolic sent condolences to President Hollande and the people of France, stating "The dreadful news from Paris left us speechless, but you should know that, as always throughout history, we stand by France with fierce determination ready to offer help whenever needed,”. Prime Minister Aleksandar Vucic also sent a letter of condolence, saying "We are a small country, we cannot help a lot, but if there is anything we can do, we will be there. We offer full support to the French people and government in combating the greatest plague of the modern world - terrorism,” [163]
  •  Slovakia: President Andrej Kiska condemned the attacks, stating "We are shocked, we are sad and we are outraged,”. Foreign Minister Miroslav Lajčák issued an official statement saying “We also express our solidarity and full support of France in fighting terrorism." [164]
  •  Slovenia: President Borut Pahor made a join statement with President Poroshenko of Ukraine, in Lviv, saying that "In these difficult moments Ukraine and Slovenia mourn together with the French nation for terrible losses and express solidarity with victims and their families".[165]
  •  Spain: Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy express to French Prime Minister Manuel Valls condolences from Spain and he was interested about the critical situation in France.[166] Rajoy also offered collaboration with Spanish National Police Force and the Spanish National Intelligence Agency.[167] Spanish Prime Minister gathered with the Spanish Counter-terrorist pact and decided to not increase Counter-terrorist alert which was at 4/5 nivel.[168] Spanish King, Felipe VI and Spanish Royal House also offered condolences to France people.[169]
  •  Sri Lanka: President Maithripala Sirisena and Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe condemned the terrorist attack and conveyed the condolences to the people of France, calling on the International community to fight against terrorism.[170][171]
  •  Sudan: Foreign Ministry spokesman Ali Al-Sadiq issued a statement condemning the attacks, saying that such acts are "against all religious and human values". [172]
  •  Sweden: King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden "I feel a tremendous sorrow and my thoughts go out to all those affected, especially to the victims and their loved ones. These attacks are an attack on our shared societies and its values, and the way we wish to live. I am among those who feel alarm and dismay. It is vitally important that we stand together today against these unfathomable acts of terrorisms.”[173]
  •  Switzerland: President Simonetta Sommaruga strongly condemned the attacks while offering support to France, stating "these attacks are against all our deepest societal and human values. Our hearts are with those close to the victims and those hurt” and " “we stand together with the French government and will work with them to analyse the security situation in our country.” [174]
  •  Syria: President Bashar al-Assad condemned the attackers while describing them as "savage terror", and compared the violence to the experiences of the Syrian people, saying, "What France suffered from savage terror is what the Syrian people have been enduring for over five years."[175] Al-Assad, who is also fighting ISIS in Syria criticised the assistance provided by Western nations to rebels fighting his government. He stated that policies pursued in the region by France and other Western nations had ultimately aided the spread of terrorism.[176]
  •  Tajikistan: President Emomali Rakhmon condemned the attacks and gave condolences to the French people, stating "Tajikistan condemns categorically this inhuman act of a group of criminals," and ""We are mourning together with you."[177]
  •  Taiwan: President Ma Ying-jeou and the two major candidates in Taiwan's upcoming presidential election condemned the attacks. "We stand side by side with the French people in condemning the violence and hoping that order will be restored as soon as possible", said Ma.[178]
  •  Thailand: Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha gave his condolences to those affected by the attacks, saying “On behalf of the Royal Thai Government and people of the Kingdom of Thailand, I wish to convey our deepest condolences and sympathies to the victims and families that have been affected by this tragic incident.” [179]
  •  Tunisia: President Beji Caid Essebsi condemned the attacks, calling them "barbarous acts". He also personally met with President Hollande on November 15th. [180]
  •  Turkey: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said, "Turkey knows very well the meaning of terror and its results. We are sharing the pain of both President Hollande and the French people, and I extend my condolences to our French friends." Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu expressed his condolences and added "These attacks are not only aimed at the French people, but also democracy, freedom and universal values; terror has no religion, nation nor any value it represents."[181]
  •  Ukraine: President Petro Poroshenko said he was "shocked" and feels "solidarity with people of France", noticing that "terrorism is our common enemy".[182] Later he laid flowers near the French embassy in Kiev, as well as prime minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk and other cabinet members.[183][184] In Lviv President made a joint Statement with President of the Republic of Slovenia Borut Pahor, "calling on the G20 leaders to agree upon inclusive set of measures to address the increasing security challenge" and noticing that "Ukraine and Slovenia are ready to join the global anti-terrorist response".[165]
  •  United Arab Emirates: President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan offered his condolences and support to France. [185]
  •  United Kingdom: Prime Minister David Cameron said he was "shocked" by the "horrifying and sickening" attack, and pledged that the UK and France would stand together "in sorrow, but unbowed"[186][187] while Leader of the Opposition, Jeremy Corbyn cancelled a planned speech in response to the attacks,[188] which he described as "heinous and immoral" and said "We stand in solidarity with the French"[189] The Union Flag was flown at half-mast alongside French tricolour also flying at half-mast above 10 Downing Street and many other government buildings[190] The Mayor of London, who described Paris as a "sister city" wrote to his counterpart to convey the "shock and grief of millions of Londoners."[191]
  •  United States: President Barack Obama stated that the attacks were not just attacks on Paris and people of France, but were "an attack on all of humanity and the universal values that we share".[201]
  •  Uruguay: The government of Uruguay condemned the attacks and called for a renewed fight against terror. [202]
  •  Vatican City: Pope Francis condemned the attacks, saying "“This is not human,... This is a piece [of the Third World War being fought at piecemeal]". Vatican press director Father Federico Lombardi issued an official statement from the Vatican, stating “We are shocked by this new manifestation of maddening, terrorist violence and hatred which we condemn in the most radical way together with the Pope and all those who love peace,” [203]
  •  Venezuela: President Nicolás Maduro condemned the terrorist acts in Paris and expressing solidarity with President François Hollande and the French people [204]
  •  Vietnam: President Truong Tan Sang and Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung has sent a message of condolences to his French counterpart Francois Hollande and Manuel Valls over the heavy casualties caused by bloody attacks on civilians in Paris on November 13.[205]

International organisations

  • African Union: Chairperson Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma condemned the "dispicable" attacks and expressed her condolences to the people of France, and wished those injured in the attacks a speedy recovery.[206]
  • Commonwealth of Nations: Kamalesh Sharma, Commonwealth Secretary-General stated "My heart goes out to all those who have been touched by this unspeakable tragedy. The Commonwealth stands in solidarity will all democracies in the face of violent extremism. Everyone who believes in tolerance, understanding and the rule of law must stand united against those who would destroy these treasured values"[207]
    • Commonwealth realms: Queen Elizabeth II sent a message to the President of France saying "Prince Philip and I have been deeply shocked and saddened by the terrible loss of life in Paris. We send our most sincere condolences to you, the families of those who have died and the French people."[208]
  •  Council of Europe: Secretary General Thorbjørn Jagland expressed his "shock at the horrific attacks" and pledged that "Europe will stand strong in defending our common values".[209]
  •  European Union: President of the European Council Donald Tusk wrote to President Hollande expressing his belief that the attacks were "an outrage against France, and against Europe as a whole" and pledged the European Union would stand in solidarity with France.[210] Martin Schulz, president of the European Parliament, condemned the attacks, saying: "At this terrible moment our thoughts and sympathy are with the families and friends of the victims, together with the French authorities and with all French citizens. [...] Yesterday, Paris was brutally attacked for the second time in less than a year. Terrorists wanted to target the core of western civilisation, its values and its people. [...] However, Europe stands united in the fight against terrorism, in our resolve to track down the networks and all those who contributed to organise these evil acts and bring them to justice. Our commitment to defend our values of freedom, equality, democracy and the rule of law is as strong as ever."[211]
  •  NATO: Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg condemned the terrorist attack, expressing shock by the "horrific terrorist attacks across Paris," and stated that "terrorism will never defeat democracy."[212] All flags at NATO HQ were flown at half-staff also after the attacks to show solidarity with France.[213]
  •  UNASUR: Secretary General Ernesto Samper said that "terrorism is a global epidemic that must be fought with universal solidarity with the victims". In a statement, the organization says that South America expressed its "dismay at this barbarism" that took place in Paris, and provides "solidarity" to the French people.[214]
  •  United Nations: Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon condemned the attacks on Paris, calling them "despicable" and stating that he trusted the French authorities to bring the perpetrators to justice. Ban also extended his condolences to families of the victims and wished a quick recovery to those where were injured. In a separate statement the 15 members of the United Nations Security Council also condemned the "barbaric and cowardly" attacks on civiliian.[215]

Muslim response

Muslims around the world, from religious leaders to organizations, condemned the Paris attacks. Many Muslims took to social media, including twitter and Youtube, to say that the attacks went against the teachings of Islam.[217][218][219]

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  174. ^ Le News. "Swiss president speaks out on Paris attacks". Le News.
  175. ^ "Assad says savage Paris attacks similar to what his country is facing". ZAMAN ALWSL. 14 November 2015.
  176. ^ "France's 'flawed' Middle East policy cost them: Syria's Assad". http://www.hindustantimes.com/. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  177. ^ http://tass.ru/en/world/836403
  178. ^ "Taiwan condemns terrorist attacks in Paris". 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
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  181. ^ "Turkey condemns terror attacks in Paris". 13 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  182. ^ Petro Porošenko [@poroshenko] (13 November 2015). "Profondément choqué par la tragédie à Paris. Le terrorisme est notre ennemi commun. Ma Solidarité avec le peuple de France" (Tweet) (in French) – via Twitter.
  183. ^ "Ukraine's leaders, Kyivans pay tribute to victims of deadly attacks in Paris". Kyiv Post.
  184. ^ Petro Porošenko [@poroshenko] (14 November 2015). "We are not to be intimidated as we protect our shared European values put forward by the French Revolution" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  185. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/11/14/world/europe/ap-eu-france-shootings-reaction.html?_r=0
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  189. ^ Jeremy Corbyn [@jeremycorbyn] (13 November 2015). "My thoughts are with the people of Paris tonight. We stand in solidarity with the French. Such acts are heinous and immoral" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  190. ^ "Flags at half-mast in Downing Street after Paris attacks". ITV News.
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  193. ^ Peter Robinson [@DUPleader] (13 November 2015). "Heartbreaking news coming from Paris this evening. Families wrecked and ripped apart but democracy will always triumph over terrorism" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  194. ^ Martin McGuinness [@M_McGuinness_SF] (13 November 2015). "Shocking news from Paris,thoughts & prayers with the families of those killed & injured.#Sad" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  195. ^ Fabian Picardo [@FabianPicardo] (13 November 2015). "Our thoughts tonight must be with the people of France. I will be writing formally to express the condolences of the people of Gibraltar" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  196. ^ Fabian Picardo [@FabianPicardo] (13 November 2015). "As the Moorish Castle is lit in the colours of the nation of France, all our flags will fly at half mast from now until Monday #ViveLaFrance" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  217. ^ "Muslims around the world condemn terrorism after the Paris attacks".
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  219. ^ "How Muslims around the world condemned the Paris attacks: 'Terrorism has NO religion'".
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