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Full City Oil Spill

Full City oil spill
Full City aground on the island of Saastein / Såstein
Map
Coordinates58°58′15″N 9°42′38″E / 58.970833°N 9.710556°E / 58.970833; 9.710556
Date31 July 2009
Cause
CauseThe ships anchor slipped, the vessel crew failed to start the main engine during a storm, and the vessel ran aground on Lille Såstein Bird Sanctuary.
OperatorCOSCO (H.K.) Shipping Co. Ltd.
Spill characteristics
Volume700,000 kg
Shoreline impacted75 km (47 mi)
Såstein is the island to the left of the text Rognsfjorden

The Full City Oil Spill is a major fuel oil spill incident that occurred on July 31, 2009 when the bulk carrier Full City ran aground on the island of Såstein / Saastein south of Langesund, Telemark, Norway. The ship, said to be operated by COSCO (H.K.) Shipping Co. Ltd., spilled around 700,000 kg, or 200 tons, of IFO-380 heavy fuel oil.[1][2] The oil contaminated 75 km of Norwegian coastline, including Langesund, Vestfold, and the Lille Såstein Bird Sanctuary. There were oil slicks in approximately 200 locations along the shoreline between Larvik Municipality and Lilles.[3] Thousands of sea birds were covered in oil, and although volunteers made efforts to save them, many of the birds had to be shot due to the irreversible damage to their health.[2] The Institute of Marine Research continued to run tests on the affected areas to track any significant ecological impacts but noted that the marine and fish life suffered no significant changes.[3]

The Master and Third Officer of the ship were both charged with violating the Pollution Act due to their failure to take adequate measures to prevent pollution. The Master was sentenced to 6 months with 120 days suspended, and the Third Officer was sentenced to 60 days with 39 days suspended.[4] As of April 2010 the ship was in Gothenburg for repairs in drydock.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Wojciech Moskwa (3 August 2009). "Norway police charge ship captain after fuel spill". Reuters. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  2. ^ a b Walton, Greg. "Norway cleans up after oil spill". Independent. Independent. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  3. ^ a b Boitsov, S. (22 March 2013). "Experiences from oil spills at the Norwegian Coast". Rapport Fra Havforskningen (23): 1–34. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  4. ^ "Court sentences crew in the aftermath of the Full City oil spill". International Law Office. Online Media Partners. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  5. ^ "Full City under repair in Gothenburg". Ships and Harbours. 5 November 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2010.


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Edits

Checked "The Full City oil spill is a major fuel oil spill incident on 31 July 2009 when the Panama-registered, bulk carrier Full City operated by COSCO (H.K.) Shipping Co. Ltd. ran aground on the island of Såstein / Saastein south of Langesund, Telemark, Norway spilling 700,000 kg of IFO-380 heavy fuel oil.[1]

As of April 2010 the ship was in Gothenburg for repairs in drydock.[2]" for plagiarism and found that entire article was plagiarized from one source. Reworded everything to eliminate plagiarism. Added information about where the oil spill occurred and exactly how much oil contaminated the water. Also added info about the ecological impact on seabirds and the lack there of on marine and fish life ( with scientific article as source). Added information in last paragraph about charges against the crew for violating a Norwegian Pollution Act. Changed info in chart to avoid plagiarism and clarify the amount of shoreline that was impacted. Added internal links for bird sanctuary, Norwegian Coastline, Langesund, Vestford, oil slicks, Larvik Municipality, Institute of Marine Research, ecological, Master, and Third Officer. Added external link for Norwegian Pollution Act

2015 Southeast Africa Floods

2015 Southeast Africa Floods
DateJanuary 9–20, 2015
LocationMalawi Malawi
Mozambique Mozambique
Madagascar Madagascar
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
DeathsAt least 225 killed[3][4]
At least 153 missing
400,000+ displaced
Property damageAt least USD $300,000,000

The 2015 Southeast Africa Floods, partially related to Cyclone Bansi and Tropical Storm Chedza, killed at least 176 people in Malawi,[5] 86 in Mozambique, and at least 46 in Madagascar over the course of a week while leaving hundreds more missing.[3][6][7][8][9] Vice President of Malawi Saulos Chilima stated that over 200,000 Malawian people have been displaced by the flood. About 400,000 African people have been displaced in total, and 153 were declared missing.[10]

Flooding began on January 14, 2015, subsiding around the end of the month.[11] Due to the flooding, the soil in some areas became over saturated and caused landslides, leading to more deaths.[12] The rainfall of Southeast Africa was recorded as being 150% higher than normal, flooding roughly 63,000 hectares in total.[13][14] Through years of research, Africa is said to have shown a complex pattern of rainfall, causing droughts and floods in the same season. Much of the damage from the 2014-2015 rain season can be attributed to the effects of El Niño.[15][16]

Severe Tropical Storm Chedza on January 16, 2015
Rivers were swollen and brown with sediment in the wake of Tropical Storm Chedza
 Country   Fatalities   Missing   Displaced 
 Malawi 176 230000
 Mozambique 86 160000
 Madagascar 46 20000
Total 225 153 410000
Location of Madagascar in Africa


Location of Malawi in Africa
Location of Mozambique in Africa
Location of Zimbabwe in Africa

References

  1. ^ Wojciech Moskwa (3 August 2009). "Norway police charge ship captain after fuel spill". Reuters. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  2. ^ "Full City under repair in Gothenburg". Ships and Harbours. 5 November 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  3. ^ a b Reuters (23 January 2015). ""Dire" needs of southern African flood survivors unmet two weeks on - TRFN". Reuters Foundation. Retrieved 23 January 2015. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  4. ^ Death toll rises as Mozambique weighs up flood costs (Mail & Guardian News)
  5. ^ Associated Press (16 Jan 2015). "Floods kill scores in Malawi, Mozambique". USAToday. Retrieved 25 Jan 2015.
  6. ^ Associated Press (17 January 2015). "Malawi floods kill 176 people". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  7. ^ "BBC News - Malawi floods kill 170 and leave thousands homeless". BBC News.
  8. ^ "Flood death toll across Southern Africa reaches 260". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  9. ^ "Madagascar tropical storm claims 46 lives". Yahoo News! via AP. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  10. ^ Chonghaile, Clár Ní. "Malawi floods devastation far worse than first thought". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
  11. ^ "Madagascar : Saison cyclonique 2014-2015 : Inondation et tempête tropicale Chedza - Rapport de mise à jour n. 13, Jeudi, le 29 janvier 2015". ReliefWeb (in French). https://plus.google.com/101350840970995581001. Retrieved 2015-11-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ "Madagascar storm death toll climbs to 68". ReliefWeb. https://plus.google.com/101350840970995581001. Retrieved 2015-11-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ "South East Africa - Floods Hit Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique - FloodList". FloodList. https://plus.google.com/+Floodlist. Retrieved 2015-11-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ Chikoko, Rex. "Flood-hit Malawi faces aid deficit". Mail and Guardian. IAB. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  15. ^ Janowiak, John (27 February 1987). "An Investigation of Interannual Rainfall Variability in Africa". Journal of Climate. 1. NMC/MWS/NOAA: 240–243. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  16. ^ Winsor, Morgan. "El Niño In Africa 2015: Weather Phenomenon May Devastate East African Farmers, Herders With Drought, Floods". International Business Times. IBT Media Inc. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
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Edits

Checked "The 2015 Southeast Africa Floods, partially related to Tropical Storm Chedza, killed at least 176 people in Malawi, 86 in Mozambique and at least 46 in Madagascar over a course of a week, while named Chedza, and while leaving hundreds more missing. Vice President of Malawi Saulos Chilima stated that over 200,000 people had been displaced because of the flood." for plagiarism and found none. Added picture of "Tropical Storm Chedza on January 16, 2015" in order to give visual representation of the severity of the storm. Added picture of Flooding in Madagascar in order to show the adverse affects the storm had on the country. Removed unnecessary frazing "while named Chedza". Added more information about how many people were displaced. Inserted paragraph about when flooding started, landslides, complex rainfall, and El Nino. Added references 8-14 for this information. Added external links to Cyclone Bansi and a scientific journal regarding Africa's complex rainfall variability. Added internal links for Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar, Cyclone, Bansi, El Nino, rain seasons, and Malawian. Fixed numbers in chart to more accuratey represent the amount of people displaced by the flooding.

2015 Bronx Legionnaires' disease outbreaks
Lincoln Hospital in the Bronx, one of five buildings where the second outbreak was spread
DateDecember 2014 (2014-12) (first outbreak)
July 2015 (2015-07) (second outbreak)
Duration2 months (first outbreak)
1.5 months[1] (second outbreak)
LocationThe Bronx, New York City:
Causeunder investigation
OutcomeAffected buildings were ordered to be decontaminated within 14 days, under the threat of misdemeanor charges
Deaths10
Non-fatal injuriesOver 100

2015 Bronx Legionnaires Disease Outbreaks

In 2015, there were two outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease in the Bronx, New York City, United States. Between January and August 2015, one hundred and thirty people in New York City were infected with Legionnaires', but the majority of them were in the Bronx.[2]

Legionnaires Disease is an acute type of pneumonia that is caused by the inhalation of water vapor containing the Legionella bacteria.[3] Forty-two Legionella species have been classified to date, and these bacteria can grow in areas where there is warm water, such as the cooling towers found in the Bronx.[4] [5]

Legionella pneumophila bacteria

January 2015

In January 2015, Legionnaires' disease sickened 8 people in Co-op City's cooling towers, also in the Bronx. In total, 12 people were diagnosed with Legionnaires' disease between December 2014 and the end of the outbreak in January 2015.[6]

August 2015

In an unrelated July and August 2015 outbreak, the disease affected at least 120 people and caused at least twelve deaths in the South Bronx area.[7] The cause of the outbreak was traced back to the Opera House Hotel on July 10, 2015 and was declared as over as of August 20. Following the Morrisania outbreak, city officials stated that they would be pursuing new regulations for cooling towers.[2][8][9][10] Affected buildings were also ordered to be decontaminated within 14 days, under the threat of misdemeanor charges.[7]

September 2015

On September 21, 2015, 13 more cases of Legionnaires Disease were identified and were said to be unrelated to the outbreaks from previous months. 35 cooling towers were inspected and 15 of these tested positive for the Legionella bacteria. After the cases surfaced, city officials put legislative programs into affect that requires building owners to perform quarterly inspections and to verify that the cooling towers have been tested and are free of the Legionnella bacteria.[11]

References

  1. ^ http://www.bxtimes.com/stories/2015/35/35-legionnaires-2015-08-28-bx.html
  2. ^ a b "A Belated Look at New York's Cooling Towers, Prime Suspect in Legionnaires' Outbreak". The New York Times. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  3. ^ Euser; et al. "Legionnaires' disease after using an industrial pressure test pump: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. BioMed Central Ltd. Retrieved 22 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |last1= (help)
  4. ^ Yu; et al. (2002). "Distribution of Legionella Species and Serogroups Isolated by Culture in Patients with Sporadic Community-Acquired Legionellosis: An International Collaborative Survey" (PDF). The Journal of Infectious Diseases (186): 127–8. Retrieved 26 October 2015. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |last1= (help)
  5. ^ "Legionnaires' Disease". The New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The City of New York. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  6. ^ Ben Kochman (13 January 2015). "Co-op City towers contaminated with Legionnaire's Disease bacteria". New York Daily News. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Legionnaires' Disease Continues To Spread In South Bronx". Huffington Post. Associated Press. 6 August 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  8. ^ "Legionnaires' Disease Bacteria Found in A/C on Bronx Hospital, Mayor says". DNAinfo New York.
  9. ^ David Shortell, CNN (2 August 2015). "There have been 65 cases since mid-July - CNN.com". CNN. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ "City confirms 71 cases of Legionnaire's Disease". capitalnewyork.com.
  11. ^ Mueller, Benjamin (1 October 2015). "One Dead in New Bronx Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 26 October 2015.

Edits

Checked "In 2015, there were two outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease in the Bronx, New York City, United States", "In an unrelated July and August 2015 outbreak, the disease affected at least 110 people in the Lincoln Hospital", and "In January 2015, Legionnaires' disease sickened 8 people in Co-op City's cooling towers, also in the Bronx." for plagiarism but all three turned up clean. Added more information about Legionnaires Disease into the lead section in order to add further clarification of what the disease is and how it is caused. Removed "in the Lincoln Hospital and Concourse Plaza Cooling Towers" and reworded to clarify the area in which the outbreak occurred. Removed "As of August 4, 2015, the outbreak is believed to have been contained to five buildings in Morrisania, Bronx." Added updated information to this section about when the outbreak was declared over. Added picture of legionella bacteria. Added section "September 2015" to include info about recent unrelated outbreaks in the same area. Added references 3, 4, 5 and 11 to the article. Reference 4 is a scientific article. Added external links throughout the article: Legionnaires Disease, pneumonia, inhalation, water vapor, Legionella bacteria, Legionalla species, South Bronx, Opera House Hotel, List of legionnaires outbreaks, Legionella pneumophila, legislative, cooling towers.

2015 Louisiana Floods

Louisiana National Guards members with the 844th Engineer Company, 527th Engineer Battalion, construct a sandbag barrier wall around Dupree #23 Pump Station in Pineville, La

The 2015 Louisiana flood took place for several weeks in June of 2015.[1] The areas in Louisiana affected by the Red River Flood include Caddo Parish, Bossier Parish, Natchitoches Parish, Rapides Parish, and the cities of Coushatta, Alexandria, and Shreveport.[2][3][4][5][6] Response teams such as the Louisiana National Guard were deployed in order to fill and place sandbags at residencies that were under flood warning.[7]

The Red River reached its highest level in over 70 years, cresting in most of the affected areas at around 6-9 feet over the flood levels.[1][8]

References

  1. ^ a b "With homes underwater in Louisiana, recovery teams head out". msn.com. Retrieved 2015-06-11.
  2. ^ Reuters Editorial. "Floods sweep northwest Louisiana, damaging hundreds of structures | Reuters". reuters.com. Retrieved 2015-06-11. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  3. ^ "GOHSEP Teams to Begin Damage Assessments in Northwest Louisiana". shreveporttimes.com. Retrieved 2015-06-11.
  4. ^ "Jindal travels to northwest Louisiana to view flooding | NOLA.com". nola.com. Retrieved 2015-06-11.
  5. ^ "With homes underwater in Louisiana, recovery teams head out - Washington Times". washingtontimes.com. Retrieved 2015-06-11.
  6. ^ "With homes underwater near Red River in rural Louisiana, state sends recovery teams out | Fox News". foxnews.com. Retrieved 2015-06-11.
  7. ^ "Flooding in Louisiana sparks response from recovery teams - CBS News". cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2015-06-11.
  8. ^ "Red River flooding: Highest level in 70 years News - The Weather Network". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2015-06-11.

Category:2015 floods


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Checking for plagiarism and adding content

Checked sentence "The 2015 Louisiana flood took place on 11 June 2015" and found that it was plagiarized from first source. Reworded to correct this as well as to clarify time span. Clarified areas affected by floods. Added info about response team from source 1, as well as picture to coordinaate. Reworded sentence "The Red River has reached its highest level in over 70 years" to avoid plagiarism from source 8. Added links for Louisiana, areas affected, Louisiana National Guard, sandbags, and flood warning. Moved citations around to improve clarification and avoid plagiarism.

Additional Changes 10/05/15

Added: Although many advances have been made towards flood protection in Louisiana, flooding is inevitable; the changing course of the river will continue no matter how high the levees are built.[1] The Mississippi River flood history shows that the river has a pattern of major flooding every decade or so.

Reference

  1. ^ Tomaszkiewicz, Marlene Ann. "Staying Afloat: A Risk Analysis of Flooding in South Louisiana" (PDF). LSU.edu. The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
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