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Oleg Deripaska

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Oleg Deripaska
Born
Oleg Vladimirovich Deripaska

(1968-01-02) 2 January 1968 (age 56)
Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russian SFSR
Alma materMoscow State University, Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics
OccupationChairman of Supervisory Board of Basic Element Company
Spouse(s)Polina Deripaska (née Yumasheva); 2 children
WebsiteBasic Element, Oleg Deripaska

Oleg Vladimirovich Deripaska (Template:Lang-ru; born 2 January 1968)[2] is founder and owner of one of the largest Russian industrial groups Basic Element company, President of En+ Group and United Company RUSAL, the largest aluminium company in the world.[3] As of 2015, Deripaska is estimated to have a net worth of US$3.5 billion.[1]

Education and early career

Deripaska was born in Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, and grew up in Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Krai, Russia.

Deripaska was raised on the family’s small farm, where from the age of 5 or 6 his grandparents instructed him to learn everything about the land to survive.[4] Deripaska credits his grandparents for teaching him the discipline of hard work claiming "They taught [him] the details of farming, including when and how to plant, grow and harvest".[4] Both his grandfathers fought in the Second World War, one was killed in battleand buried in a mass grave in Austria, the other returned to Russia when war ended.[5]

Deripaska's first job was at the Ust-Labinsk plant where his mother worked. At age 11, he became an electrician's apprentice carrying out maintenance on electrical motors.[5]

From a young age, Deripaska acquired a passion for reading and his favorite authors were Mayne Reid and Jack London.[5] However, due to the lack of available literature in the Soviet Union, Deripaska expanded his interests to technical science and math textbooks. Today, Basic Element's headquarters contain walls of books that reflect Deripaska's lifelong love of reading.[5]

His talent for math allowed him to enroll at the physics faculty of Moscow State University in 1985.[4] One year into his studies, he was conscripted into the armed forces and served in the Soviet army's Strategic Missile Forces[4] in the Trans-Baikal area, Siberia, from 1986-1989.[5]

In 1993, Deripaska graduated with honors in physics from Moscow State University.[6]

After graduation from Moscow State University, the collapse of the Soviet Union eliminated academic funding and made it impossible for Deripaska continue to his studies as a theoretical physicist.[5] There were no stipends or grants for students either. "We had no money. It was an urgent and practical question avery day. How do I earn money to buy food and keep studying ?" he recalls.[5]

At the age of 25, teaming up with fellow physicists, engineers and rocket scientists, Deripaska set up his first metal trading company, VTK, and adopted a systematic, scientific approach to commodity trading. "I represented companies that were buying and selling raw materials", Deripaska said.[4]

Deripaska undertook export arbitrage, buying metal at low Russian prices and selling it abroad at significantly higher international market prices. Deripaska traded primarily through the new Baltic state of Estonia as the Russian system of export licenses was in disarray.[4]

"I started my business at an unusual moment in history. The country in which I was born raised had disappeared, although the new country was not fully formed. The first one gave me an excellent education; the second one gave me the chance of success", Deripaska recalled in an interview with Metal Bulletin.[5]

Nearly all the profist from trading and arbitrage operations were used to acquire the initial package of shares of the Sayanogorsk Aluminim Smelter, a smelter in Southern Siberia.[7] Between 1993 and 1994, Deripaska bought vouchers and shares in Sayanogorsk, and accumulated a 20% stake in the factory when he became the biggest individual shareholder after the State - to the annoyance of the plant's communist-era bosses.

In 1994, Deripaska became director general of the plant at the age of 26.[4] In 1997, the smelter became the core asset of Sibirsky Aluminium Group.[8][9]

Deripaska was general manager and the main shareholder of the Sayanogorsk Smelter (1994–97) and held the post of president of Sibirsky Aluminium Investment Industrial Group (1997-2001), which later became the core asset of RUSAL.[10]

After acquisitions, mergers and changes, RUSAL went on to become the world's biggest aluminium producer in the world, until overtaken by China's Hongqiao Group in 2015. In 2010, under Deripaska's leadership, Rusal became the first Russian company to be listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.[5]

Beyond metals, which remain at the core of his diversified industrial holding, Deripaska has acquired stakes in a wide range of companies in various sectors, including energy, manufacturing, commercial vehicles, auto components, financial and insurance services,[11] leasing businesses, construction,[12] aviation and agriculture. Among his assets are a Siberian power company EuroSibEnergo,[13] that is Russia's biggest private energy company; Ingosstrakh, one of Russia's largest insurance companies; GAZ Group, a producer of cars, trucks and buses, agricultural business (Kuban Agro Holding);[14][14][15] and transport companies, such as a cluster of airports in the Krasnodar region, including Sochi and Krasnodar,[16] which hosted Winter Olympics-2014; construction companies that helped build infrastructure for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. All these assets form part the diversified investment and industrial group Basic element.[17]

Later career

Business

Basic Element

Deripaska is the sole owner and Chairman of Supervisory Board of Basic Element, a diversified investment group established in 1997. Basic Element's assets are concentrated in five sectors: energy, manufacturing, financial services, agriculture, construction and aviation. The major assets include United Company RUSAL[18] the world's largest aluminium and alumina producer; GAZ Group, an automotive company; Ingosstrakh, the country's oldest insurance company; Bank SOYUZ (Банк «СОЮЗ»);[19] Aviakor aircraft manufacturer; EuroSibEnergo (ЕвроСибЭнерго), an investment and energy supply company;[13] Glavmosstroy (Главмосстрой), a construction company;[20] Kuban Agroholding, an agricultural company;[14] and Basel Aero, an aviation business comprising the four largest airports in the Krasnodar territory (in joint venture with Changi Airports International).[16]

Basic Element owns companies and subsidiaries in Russia, the CIS countries, Africa, Australia, Asia, Europe and Latin America. It employs as many as 250,000 people.[17]

Metals & Mining

RUSAL

United Company RUSAL (Russian: ОК РУСАЛ, /OK RUSAL/) is the world's second largest aluminium company. It was the largest until overtaken by China Hongqiao Group in 2015. UC RUSAL accounts for almost 7% of the world's primary aluminium output and 7% of the world’s alumina production. The United Company was formed by the merger of RUSAL (Russian: Русский алюминий), SUAL, and the alumina assets of Glencore, completed in March 2007. The company operates in 20 countries over five continents and employs over 61,000 people across its international operations and offices.

Energy

Eurosibenergo

Oleg Deripaska owns a 100% stake in Eurosibenergo, the world’s largest private hydrogeneration company and the largest private power company in Russia.[21] It controls and manages 18 power plants with a combined installed energy capacity of 19.5 GW, including 15 GW provided by hydrogeneration. The company produces approximately 9% of all electricity in Russia and is also the leader in the Siberian energy market, with a market share totaling 41%. Some of EuroSibEnergo’s key clients include the largest aluminum plants in Russia. The company owns large fuel resources, which satisfy over 85% of the coal needs of its thermal power and boiler plants. It’s coal reserves amount to 1.26 billion tons, with annual coal production exceeding 12 million tons.[21]

Deripaska’s En + Group, of which EuroSibEnergo is a subsidiary, is investing in a joint venture with China’s largest hydroelectric power generation company China Yangtze Power Co to build new power plants in Siberia, primarily hydroelectric ones, with a total capacity of up to 10 GWt.[22]

Machinery

Russian Machines

Russian Machines corporation was established in 2005 and unites Oleg Deripaska’s machine building assets. It comprises industrial and engineering assets in the following industries: automotive OEM (GAZ Group), automotive components (RM-Systems), rail industry (RM Rail), aircraft OEM (Aviacor), road construction (RM-Terex) and agricultural machinery (AGCO-RM).[23]

Russian Machines Corporation manages 24 facilities located across 12 regions in Russia.[23]

GAZ Group

The Russian automotive conglomerate, GAZ Group, comprises 18 manufacturing facilities in eight regions of Russia, as well as sales and service organizations. GAZ Group produces light and medium commercial vehicles, heavy trucks, buses, cars, road construction equipment, power units and automotive components.[23]

Airports

Oleg Deripaska’s airport business is managed by Basel Aero, a company-operator of the Sochi, Krasnodar, Gelendzhik and Anapa airports.[24]

These airports handle more than 7% of the total passenger flow in Russia.[25] Sochi International Airport was the main gateway to Sochi Winter Olympics in 2014 and successfully serviced the guests and participants of the Games.[24]

In October 2014, Sochi was granted Open Skies status, meaning that any foreign carrier may pick up and drop off passengers and cargo with no restrictions on aircraft type, frequency, and regardless of inter-State agreements.[26]

Financial services

Deripaska personally holds 10% of Ingosstrakh’s ordinary shares. The company is a leading insurer of complex risks such as insurance of the liability of ship owners, ship hull insurance, insurance against aviation and space related risks, and insurance of transportation companies. Ingosstrakh has 83 branches in Russia and the Company’s offices operate in 220 Russian towns and cities.[27]

Agribusiness

Oleg Deripaska fully owns one of the most efficient agribusinesses in the South of Russia, Kuban Agroholding. The company integrates two modern dairy mega farms, а 16,000 pig capacity breeding complex, three elevators with non-recurrent grain storage capacity of more than 270,000 tonnes, three modern seed plants, a sugar factory and Sunrise, one of Russia’s best horse breeding farms, specializing in the breeding of English thoroughbred horses. It is one of the top-20 largest agro-businesses and top-5 most efficient land users in Russia.[28]

Kuban Agroholding is one of the few agricompanies in Russia involved in embryo transfer technology that allows for the reproduction of high-yielding milk cows out of less productive recipients.[29]

The company has gained significant media attention about its corn-seeding program deploying several dozen corn brands selected by its genetic specialists.[29]

In 2004, Deripaska was appointed by the President of Russia to represent the country in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Business Advisory Council (ABAC). He has held the position of Chairman of ABAC Russia since 2007. Deripaska is Vice President of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, Chairman of the Executive Board of the Russian National Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce and a member of the Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Council, an agency of the Russian Government.[30]

He sits on the board of trustees of the Bolshoi Theatre, the School of Business Administration, the School of Public Administration, and the School of Economics at Moscow State University and the School of Business Administration at St. Petersburg State University. Deripaska is a co-founder of the National Science Support Foundation and the National Medicine Fund. In 1999, he was awarded the Order of Friendship, a state award of the Russian Federation. He was named businessman of the year in 1999, 2006 & 2007 by Vedomosti, a leading business daily published in partnership with The Wall Street Journal and The Financial Times.

Deripaska is one of 16 global business leaders who drafted CEO Climate Policy Recommendations to G8 Leaders, a document outlining international business community's proposals to tackle global warming. The proposals were signed by more than 100 of the world's leading corporations and handed to Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda on 20 June 2008. The G8 leaders discussed the recommendations during the summit in Japan on 7–9 July 2008. The process was coordinated by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.[31][32]

Deripaska actively advocates for cutting our global carbon footprint, calling for a creation of an enforcement mechanism with consequences for countries that don’t reduce carbon-intensive emissions such as those produced by coal-fired power plants.[33] He also remains a strong advocate of a legally binding Climate Change deal, but has publicly voiced concern about the potential competitive impact of a Paris climate agreement and the absence of binding measures to curb each country’s emissions in the near future.[33] "Everyone is in favour; we just need to have more or less fair regulation. There shouldn’t be any pockets where people can cheat the system. People shouldn’t agree on something that creates another Kyoto protocol that creates nice polished statements," he said in the interview with the Financial Times.[33]

He has been a permanent participant of the World Economic Forum’s session since 2007, when RUSAL became WEF’s strategic partner.[34]

Net worth

Forbes magazine estimated Deripaska's fortune at US$16.8 billion in 2011, according to the Forbes wealthiest list.[1] In 2008, Forbes estimated his wealth at US$28 billion, making him the then ninth richest man in the world.[35] In 2009, Deripaska's ranking fell to a ranking of No. 164, with Forbes stating: "[H]e may not withstand collapsing markets and heavy debts".[36] However, in 2010 his estimated US$10.7 billion fortune allowed him to rise to No. 57 of the World's Billionaires list.[37] According to Forbes magazine, he removed the heads of his two largest companies and personally negotiated with the Russian government, banks and other creditors to restructure his loan obligations.[38] Deripaska himself in 2007 was reported to have consistently said that the estimate of his wealth was exaggerated, that it did not completely account for the amount of debt he incurred, and that he should be ranked far below the top ten on the list of the Russian billionaires.[39]

As of 2015, Forbes estimates his fortune at US$3.3 billion.[1]

Charity

In 1998, Deripaska established Volnoe Delo, Russia's largest private charity foundation.[40] The fund supports over 400 initiatives across Russia aimed at developing education and science, preserving spiritual and cultural heritage, and improving standards in public health.[41] It helps children, old people, talented youths, teachers, eminent scientists and other participants of the programs. Since 1998, Oleg Deripaska has invented more than 10,6 bln rubles in more than 500 charity programs in 50 regions of Russia.[42]

Deripaska’s Volnoe Delo has supported research activities in the 2550-year-old city of Phanagoria since 2004. More than $10 million has been allocated to Phanagoria fieldwork over the past 10 years. Today, Phanagoria is one of the best-equipped archeological expeditions in Russia and has its own scientific and cultural center, cutting edge equipment and technology for above-ground and underwater excavation and a large team of specialists involved in the excavation process.[43]

In February 2014 Deripaska financed the construction of makeshift kennels to house stray dogs that had been abandoned by building workers after completion of work at the Sochi Olympic Village. Officials had employed a company to eradicate the animals stating the number of strays was in excess of 2,000 and presented a risk of rabies. A significant number of these dogs were saved and others were re-homed in a global adoption program created by Deripaska.[44]

That same year, Volnoe Delo foundation launched a programme on students’ early career guidance and professional training JuniorSkills.[45]

The first pilot championship on professional skills JuniorSkills Hi-Tech was held in Russia’s Urals city of Yekaterinburg in 2014 as part of the nationwide championship on cross-industry blue-collar professions in hi-tech WorldSkills.

Deripaska supports Russia’s Bolshoi Theatre having financed such ballet performances as "Flames of Paris," "La Sylphide," "Paquita" and operas "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh," "Carmen," and "Wozzeck".[46]

Lawsuits

On 24 November 2006, Michael Cherney brought legal action against Deripaska in the Commercial Court of the High Court in London.[47] Cherney sought a declaration that he was the beneficial owner of 20% of RUSAL stock which, he claimed, Deripaska held in trust for him. The claim was denied. On 3 May 2007, Mr Justice Langley ruled that Deripaska had not been properly served and that the court had no jurisdiction to try the claim as Deripaska was not domiciled in England or Wales.[48]

On 3 July 2008, Mr Justice Christopher Clarke ruled that the case should be tried in England, although "the natural forum for this litigation is Russia", because, he held, "risks inherent in a trial in Russia ... are sufficient to make England the forum in which the case can most suitably be tried in the interest of both parties and the ends of justice".[49] On 22 July 2008, he granted Deripaska leave to appeal. The Court of Appeal of England and Wales refused the appeal on 31 July 2009.[50]

At a June 2011 case management conference, the judge deferred a decision on whether Cherney would be allowed to give evidence by video link from Israel rather than appear in person as an outstanding Interpol arrest warrant meant he would be detained if he travelled to the UK.[51][52] In late July 2011, the High Court ruled that Cherney may give evidence at the trial by video link from Israel and set trial for April 2012.[53] Deripaska denied that Cherney was due any stake in RUSAL and asserted payments made to Cherney were for unavoidable "protection" at a time when violence was sweeping the region and posed an existential threat to any profitable business in the country. In an interview with The Telegraph, Deripaska said he was one of the few who worked to clean up Russian industry and provided support to law enforcement agencies. However, he claimed that in this early chaotic period it was inescapable, as revealed in court testimony, to pay protection money to criminal gangs.[54]

In September 2012, Cherney terminated his UK lawsuit against Deripaska.[55]

In 2015, Deripaska filed a lawsuit against Morgan Stanley, accusing the bank of using insider information to short sell the businessman’s $1.5 billion investment in Magna shares in 2008.[56]

In 2007, Deripaska’s investment vehicle Veleron had acquired a stock in Magna International through a $1.2 billion loan from BNP Paribas, with Magna shares serving as collateral.[57] Morgan Stanley was involved in the deal under a swap agreement with BNP Paribas where the US bank took the loan’s risks in exchange for the fixed payment.[58]

In September 2008 when Magna’s stocks plummeted, hit by the global economic downturn, BNP issued a $93 million margin call to Veleron. Morgan Stanley, in its turn, learned that Veleron would unlikely meet the call and short sold the stock.[59]

Deripaska claimed that Morgan Stanley abused its duties and was involved in an unlawful insider trading that resulted in significant financial damage to Veleron estimated of $15 million to $25 million.[58]

In November 2015, New York jury determined that Morgan Stanley had "acquired inside information and traded on it despite a duty to keep it confidential and not trade on it." Veleron, however, strongly disagreed with the finding that MS did not have the intent to defraud Veleron and said it would file an appeal.[59]

In July 2006, whilst Deripaska was involved in a bid to buy the Daimler Chrysler Group, it was reported that the United States canceled his entry visa; the unnamed official declined to give a reason for the revoking of the visa. The Wall Street Journal reported that it could have been because Deripaska has been accused of having links to organized crime in Russia and cited as their sources two unnamed U.S. law enforcement officials.[60] Deripaska had received a multiple-entry visa in 2005; a U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation spokesman refused to comment. Lobbying on his behalf had been done by former Senate Republican leader and 1996 presidential candidate Bob Dole and his Alston & Bird law partners, Senate records show. Alston & Bird was paid about US$260,000 in 2005 for work on "Department of State visa policies and procedures" tied to Deripaska.[60]

In 2009 Deripaska was again allowed entry and visited the USA twice; The Wall Street Journal reported that according to two unnamed FBI administration officials Deripaska had met with agents regarding a continuing criminal probe, the details of the probe were not known or reported. During Deripaska's visits he visited leading management figures from investment banks Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley . The Aluminum company that Deripaska heads, United Company RUSAL, was in preparations for an initial public offering. The easing of Deripaska's visa issues which were an issue for possible investors helped to reassure bankers. The State Department has never said why it revoked his visa and refused to comment on his 2009 visits. The visits were arranged outside of the usual process as the US continues to have concerns about Deripaska's business associations. Deripaska has repeatedly denied a connection to any organized crime and said business rivals have caused the visa to be revoked by smearing him. When interviewed by the BBC in July 2009, Deripaska said that the authorities in America had been attempting to blackmail him by revoking his visa and thus affecting possible investors in a negative way and thereby hoping to push Deripaska into cooperating with them.[61]

According to an article in El Mundo, Deripaska and Iskander Makhmudov (head of UGMK) were asked by Spanish police to answer questions in relation to a money-laundering enquiry.[62] The Spanish state prosecutor's office subsequently confirmed Deripaska's interrogation.[63]

While Deripaska has been interrogated previously as a witness in Spain and England and by the FBI in cases of money laundering, he has never been charged with any crimes in those probes.[64]

On 25 January 2010, the Financial Times published a story "Rusal: A lingering heat" exploring Deripaska's business relations with Sergei Popov and Anton Malevsky, alleged heads of Russian organized crime groups.[65] Deripaska has accused Michael Chernoy of using Malevsky and the Izmailovskaya syndicate to extort US$250 million from him as part of a protection racket.[66] However Deripaska has himself been accused of having similar links to Malevsky, who, with his brother Andrei, owned a 10% stake in Deripaska's company. Deripaska denies the claims.[67]

In November 2011, Spain's High Court sent the criminal cases against Deripaska to the Russian General Prosecutor's office because the root of the cases is Russian.[68]

Relationship with politicians

Vladimir Putin and Deripaska, March 19, 2002

Deripaska, who is a friend of Nathaniel Rothschild (a major investor in both United Company RUSAL and Glencore), together with Rothschild, hosted George Osborne, the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom and a friend of Rothschild's from school and university, and Peter Mandelson on Deripaska's yacht in Corfu in the summer of 2008.[69] There was considerable controversy over the relationship between Mandelson and Deripaska after it emerged that Mandelson had spent time on Deripaska's yacht.[70]

Mandelson, then EU Trade Commissioner, had presided over the reduction of EU aluminium tariffs, which benefitted Deripaska and led many to suggest there was a conflict of interest and even that Mandelson had intervened in EU policy on the aluminium tycoon's behalf. Mandelson denied this.[71][72] In response to the allegations, David O'Sullivan, Director-General for Trade, European Commission, wrote a letter to The Sunday Times in which he stated:

I am very surprised by the allegations in the British press about Peter Mandelson, Oleg Deripaska and aluminium. The claims hint at Mandelson's personal intervention, in his capacity of European commissioner for trade, in favour of the Russian aluminium company Rusal. I would like to clarify that no such intervention took place. One allegation relates to a nine-year debate in the EU over tariffs on raw aluminium. The other relates to anti-dumping duties on Russian aluminium. In both instances, decisions were made after the usual consultation procedures.[73]

While Deripaska has been observer of world events and policy, he has previously stated that he has no desire to be involved in politics: "I have a strong stay away from politics as a matter of business ethics", he said.[73]

Personal life

Deripaska is married to Valentin Yumashev's daughter, Polina; the couple has two children.[35] Deripaska practices yoga, swimming, horse-riding and hiking. His favorite pets are dogs. At his home near Moscow, he has seven horses and six dogs.[4]

See also

References

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  69. ^ "Leading article: The flawed judgement of a shadow Chancellor". The Independent. UK. 22 October 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
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  72. ^ "A final favour? How Mandelson's last act in Brussels boosted Russian oligarch", The Independent, 26 October 2008
  73. ^ a b Mandelson defended over billionaire claims, The Independent, 17 October 2008
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