Jump to content

2016 United States presidential election

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 108.52.45.13 (talk) at 15:50, 19 January 2016 (→Libertarian Party: corrected McAfee's current state). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

United States presidential election, 2016
← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 →
538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
The electoral map for the 2016 election, based on populations from the 2010 census
Incumbent President

Barack Obama
Democratic



2016 U.S. presidential election
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Third parties
Related races
← 2012 2016 2020 →

The United States presidential election of 2016, scheduled for Tuesday, November 8, 2016, will be the 58th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will elect a new president and vice president through the Electoral College. The term limit established in the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution prevents the incumbent, President Barack Obama, from running for a third term.

The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are scheduled to take place between February and June 2016. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.

Background

Further information: United States presidential election § Procedure

Article Two of the United States Constitution provides that for a person to be elected and serve as President of the United States, the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old, and a resident of the United States for a period of no less than 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the various political parties of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. The primary elections are usually indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The general election in November is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors in turn directly elect the President and Vice President.

The incumbent, President Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U.S. Senator from Illinois, is ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to restrictions of the Twenty-second Amendment; his term expires on January 20, 2017. In the 2008 election, Obama was elected president, defeating the Republican nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona, receiving 52.9% of the popular vote and 68% of the electoral vote.[1][2] If incumbent President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden serve out the full remainder of their respective terms, the voters will elect the 45th President and 48th Vice President of the United States, respectively.

2010 midterm elections

In the 2010 midterm elections, the Democratic Party suffered significant losses in Congress; the Republicans gained 63 seats in the House of Representatives (thus taking control of the chamber), and six seats in the Senate despite retaining an overall majority. As a result of the Republicans' recapture of the House, John Boehner became the 61st Speaker of the House of Representatives. This made Obama the first President in 16 years to lose the House of Representatives in the first half of his first term, in an election that was characterized by the economy's slow recovery, and the rise of the Tea Party movement.[3]

2012 presidential election

In the 2012 presidential election, incumbent President Barack Obama defeated former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, with 51.1% of the popular vote and 332 (or 61.7%) of 538 electoral votes.[4] Meanwhile, Republicans retained their majority of seats in the House of Representatives despite minor losses, while Democrats increased their majority in the Senate.[2]

During his second term, President Obama's approval ratings have been listed by Gallup as between 40 and 50 percent.[5][6][7][8]

Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with New York magazine declaring the race had begun in an article published on November 8, 2012, two days after the 2012 election.[9] On the same day, Politico released an article predicting the 2016 general election may be between Hillary Clinton and Jeb Bush, while a New York Times article named Chris Christie and Cory Booker as potential candidates.[10][11]

2014 midterm elections

In the 2014 midterm elections, voter turnout was the lowest seen in 70 years, with only 34.4% of eligible voters voting.[12] As a result of the election, the Republicans retained control of the House of Representatives, increasing their majority to its largest level since 1928.[13] Republicans also gained a majority in the Senate for the first time since the Democrats took control of the chamber after the 2006 elections, thus giving the Republican Party a majority in both chambers of Congress, and their largest majority in Congress since the 71st Congress in 1928.[13] In the corresponding gubernatorial races, Republicans made a net gain of 2 seats, increasing their total to 31 Governorships.[14] Republicans gained control of 68 of the 98 total state legislative chambers in the entire country, also their largest majority since 1928.[15]

Democratic Party

Main articles: Democratic Party (United States); Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016; and Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016

Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who also served in the U.S. Senate and was the 44th First Lady of the United States, became the first Democrat to announce a major candidacy for the presidency, which she did via a video on April 12, 2015.[16] Nationwide opinion polls in 2015 have indicated that Clinton is the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, but faces challenges from Independent Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders.[17] Sanders became the second candidate when he made a formal announcement on April 30 that he was running for the Democratic nomination.[18] September 2015 polling numbers indicated a narrowing gap between Clinton and Sanders.[17][19][20] Former Governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley was the third candidate to enter the race, which he did on May 30, 2015.[21] Lincoln Chafee, former Independent Governor and Republican Senator of Rhode Island, announced his candidacy on June 3, 2015.[22][23] Former Virginia Senator Jim Webb announced his candidacy on July 2, 2015.[24] Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig announced his candidacy on September 6, 2015.[25] On October 20, Jim Webb announced his withdrawal from the Democratic primaries, and is exploring a potential Independent run.[26] Former U.S. Senator from Delaware and incumbent Vice President Joe Biden opted not to run on October 21, ending months of speculation, stating "While I will not be a candidate, I will not be silent."[27][28] Lincoln Chafee withdrew on October 23, stating that he hoped for "an end to the endless wars and the beginning of a new era for the United States and humanity."[29] Lawrence Lessig withdrew on November 2, after failing to qualify for the second officially-sanctioned DNC debate after adoption of a rule change negated polls which before might have necessitated his inclusion in said debate.[30]

Declared candidates

Individuals included in this section have taken one or more of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination; filed as a Democratic presidential candidate with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) (for other than exploratory purposes), or successfully filed for a place on a primary ballot. Candidates are listed alphabetically by surname.

Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party (United States)
Candidates below have been listed in five or more major independent nationwide polls, participated in authorized forums and debates, and are on the ballot in at least four states.
Hillary Clinton Martin O'Malley Bernie Sanders
67th
Secretary of State
from New York
(2009–2013)
61st
Governor of Maryland
(2007–2015)
U.S. Senator from Vermont
(2007–present)
Campaign
Campaign
Campaign
[31][32][33]
[34][35]
[36][37]

Other candidates

The following notable individuals are on the primary ballot in at least one state.

The following notable individuals have taken one or both of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy; filed as a candidate with FEC.

Withdrawn candidates

Republican Party

Main articles: Republican Party (United States); Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016; and Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

United States Senator Ted Cruz from Texas became the first major candidate to announce a campaign in the 2016 election, which he did on March 23, 2015.[75][76] Kentucky Senator Rand Paul became the next candidate to announce on April 7, 2015.[77] Marco Rubio, Senator of Florida, became the next candidate, announcing on April 13.[78][79] Both neurosurgeon Ben Carson and businesswoman Carly Fiorina announced their candidacies on May 4, 2015.[80][81] Mike Huckabee, former Governor of Arkansas and 2008 presidential candidate, announced his candidacy the next day.[82] 2012 presidential candidate and former Senator from Pennsylvania ,Rick Santorum, announced his campaign on May 27.[83] George Pataki, a former New York Governor, was the next to announce, doing so on May 28, 2015.[84] Lindsey Graham, Senator from South Carolina, announced he was running on June 1.[85] Former Governor of Texas, Rick Perry, who also ran in 2012, announced he was running again on June 4.[86] Former Governor of Florida, Jeb Bush, joined the race on June 15.[87] Real estate developer and reality TV host, Donald Trump, announced he was running on June 16.[88] Bobby Jindal, outgoing Governor of Louisiana, announced his campaign on June 24.[89] Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey announced he was running on June 30.[90] Governor of Wisconsin Scott Walker announced his candidacy on July 13.[91] Ohio Governor John Kasich announced his run on July 21.[92] Former Virginia Governor Jim Gilmore was the most recent Republican candidate to announce his candidacy, which he did on July 30, 2015.[93] On September 11, 2015, Rick Perry withdrew from the race. Scott Walker withdrew on September 21. Bobby Jindal withdrew his candidacy on November 17. Lindsey Graham withdrew from the race on December 21. George Pataki withdrew from the race on December 29.

Declared candidates

Individuals included in this section have taken one or both of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy for the Republican Party's presidential nomination; filed as a Republican presidential candidate with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) (for other than exploratory purposes). Candidates are listed alphabetically by surname.

Republican Party (United States)
Republican Party (United States)
Candidates included in this section have been listed in five or more major independent nationwide polls
Jeb Bush Ben Carson Chris Christie Ted Cruz
43rd
Governor of Florida
(1999–2007)
Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins Hospital
(1984–2013)
55th
Governor of New Jersey
(2010–present)
U.S. Senator from Texas
(2013–present)
Campaign
Campaign
Campaign
Campaign
[94][95]
[96][97][98]
[99][100]
[101][102][103]
Carly Fiorina Jim Gilmore Mike Huckabee John Kasich
CEO of Hewlett-Packard
(1999–2005)
68th
Governor of Virginia
(1998–2002)
44th
Governor of Arkansas
(1996–2007)
69th
Governor of Ohio
(2011–present)
Campaign
Campaign
Campaign
Campaign
[104][105]
[93][106]
[107][108]
[92][109]
Rand Paul Marco Rubio Rick Santorum Donald Trump
U.S. Senator from Kentucky
(2011–present)
U.S. Senator from Florida
(2011–present)
U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
(1995–2007)
Chairman of
The Trump Organization
(1971–present)
Campaign
Campaign
Campaign
Campaign
[110][111][112]
[113][114][115]
[116][117]
[118][119][120]

Other candidates

The following notable individuals are on the primary ballot in at least one state.

The following notable individuals have taken one or both of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy; filed as a candidate with FEC.

Withdrawn candidates

Major third parties

Main article: United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016

Parties in this section have obtained ballot access in enough states to theoretically obtain the minimum number of electoral votes needed to win the election. Unless otherwise specified, individuals included in this section have taken one or more of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy for the presidential nomination of a third party; formally announced intention to run as an independent candidate and obtained enough ballot access to win the election; filed as a third party or non-affiliated candidate with the FEC (for other than exploratory purposes). Candidates are listed by party and then alphabetically by surname.

Green Party

Further information: Green Party of the United States

Ballot Access to 296 Electoral Votes: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Washington D.C., Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin[132][133]

Libertarian Party

Further information: Libertarian Party (United States)

Ballot Access to 325 electoral votes: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming[138]

Withdrawn candidate

Other third parties and independents

Main article: United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016

Parties and candidates in this section have yet to obtain the necessary amount of ballot access to win the election. Unless otherwise specified, individuals included in this section have taken one or more of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy for the presidential nomination of a minor party; formally announced intention to run as an independent candidate; filed as a minor party or non-affiliated candidate with the FEC (for other than exploratory purposes). Candidates are listed by minor party and then alphabetically by surname.

American Freedom Party

Further information: American Freedom Party

Ballot Access to 6 electoral votes: Mississippi[148]

  • Bob Whitaker, white nationalist and paleoconservative political activist from South Carolina.[149] Vice-presidential nominee: Tom Bowie, from Maryland[150]

America's Party

Further information: America's Party (political party)
Further information: American Independent Party

Ballot Access to 84 electoral votes: California, Florida[151][152]

Independent American Party

Further information: Independent American Party

Ballot Access to 18 Electoral Votes: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah[154]

  • Farley Anderson, activist from Utah.[154] Vice Presidential nominee: Vacant

Nutrition Party

Ballot Access to 9 electoral votes: Colorado[155]

Party for Socialism and Liberation

Further information: Party for Socialism and Liberation

Ballot Access to 29 electoral votes: Florida[158]

Peace and Freedom Party

Further information: Peace and Freedom Party

Ballot Access to 84 electoral votes: California, Florida[160][161]

Potential candidates

Prohibition Party

Further information: Prohibition Party

Ballot Access to 21 electoral votes: Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi[155][166][167]

  • James Hedges, Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania 2002–2007;[168][169] vice-presidential nominee: Bill Bayes of Mississippi[168]

Socialist Party USA

Further information: Socialist Party USA

Ballot Access to 0 electoral votes[167]

Veterans Party of America

Further information: Veterans Party of America

Ballot Access to 6 electoral votes: Mississippi[171]

Workers World Party

Further information: Workers World Party

Ballot Access to 0 electoral votes

Independent

Publicly expressed interest

  • Jim Webb, former U.S. Senator[185] (2007–2013) (campaign) Having sought the Democratic Party presidential nomination, Webb has expressed interest in the possibility of instead running as an independent candidate during the 2016 election cycle.

Potential candidate

Potential battleground states

Further information: Swing state

In every state except Maine and Nebraska, the winner of the popular vote in the state wins all of the electoral votes of the state (although state legislatures can, by law, change how electors are elected).[188] Maine and Nebraska use the "congressional district method," in which the winner of the state receives two electoral votes and candidates receive additional electoral votes for each congressional district that they win. Recent presidential campaigns have generally focused their resources on a relatively small number of competitive states.[189][190] Potential battleground states include Nevada, Colorado, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida.[191][192] Other potential Democratic targets include Nebraska's second congressional district, Missouri, Arizona, Georgia, and Texas.[191][192] Meanwhile, Republicans may also target Maine's second congressional district, Oregon, New Mexico, Minnesota, and New Jersey.[192][193] Other states may also become competitive if the close races of 2016 differ from the close races of the 2012 election, or if 2016 becomes a landslide election. Both major parties might decide to target the home states of their nominees or that of their running mates if they are from a swing state or have high favorability in the state or region. In 2016, there are currently twenty-four state ballot initiatives on marijuana legalization in 16 states including in the swing states of Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, and New Mexico. Historically, marijuana-legalization ballot initiatives are widely acknowledged to "turn out the vote" for single issue, first-time, and younger voters.[194]

Party conventions

Map of United States showing Philadelphia, Cleveland, and Orlando
   Philadelphia
   Philadelphia
Cleveland
Cleveland
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City
Orlando
Orlando
Houston
Houston
class=notpageimage|
Sites of the 2016 national party conventions.
Constitution Party
Main article: Constitution Party National Convention
Libertarian Party
Main article: 2016 Libertarian National Convention
Republican Party
Main article: 2016 Republican National Convention
Democratic Party
Main article: 2016 Democratic National Convention
Green Party
Main article: 2016 Green National Convention

Debates

Primary election debates

Main articles:

General presidential election debates

Map of United States showing debate locations
   Wright State University Dayton, Ohio
   Wright State University
Dayton, Ohio
Longwood University Farmville, Virginia
Longwood University
Farmville, Virginia
Washington University St. Louis, Missouri
Washington University
St. Louis, Missouri
University of Nevada Las Vegas
University of Nevada
Las Vegas
class=notpageimage|
Sites of the 2016 General Election Debates

The three locations which will host the presidential debates, and the one location selected to host the vice presidential debate, were announced on September 23, 2015.[202][203][204]

Debates among candidates for the 2016 U.S. presidential election
No. Date Time Host City Moderator Participants
 
P1
 
   September 26, 2016   
TBA
Wright State University
   Dayton, Ohio   
TBA
TBA
 
VP
 
October 4, 2016
TBA
Longwood University
   Farmville, Virginia   
TBA
TBA
 
P2
 
October 9, 2016
TBA
   Washington University in St. Louis   
   St. Louis, Missouri   
TBA
TBA
 
P3
 
October 19, 2016
TBA
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
   Las Vegas, Nevada   
TBA
TBA
Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York will serve as the backup debate location.[204]
       = Sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates

Free & Equal Elections Foundation plans to host a debate between the nominees of the minor parties that are not included in the major debates, but who have enough ballot access to mathematically obtain the minimum electoral votes needed to win the election.[205] It will be located at the Belasco Theater in Los Angeles, California. As of December 2015, the following parties qualify for this debate:

Debate lawsuit

On June 22, 2015, the advocacy group Level the Playing Field, along with Peter Ackerman, the Green Party, and the Libertarian National Committee, filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief against the Federal Election Commission in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia alleging that its failure to uphold debate fairness laws and address the corruption of the CPD after multiple unresolved requests to do so intentionally excluded third parties from the election process.[206][207] The FEC did take up the original complaint in a July 16 meeting, with a motion to open rulemaking failing 2–4 (Commissioners Ann Ravel (D) and Ellen Weintraub (D) voting aye and Commissioners Lee Goodman (R), Caroline Hunter (R), Matthew Petersen (R), and Steven Walther (D) voting no).[208][209]

Because the original complaint became moot after that meeting, the plaintiffs filed another complaint on August 27,[210] amending it on October 22.[211] The FEC responded to that complaint on November 9, denying the vast majority of the claims made without proving their lack of validity.[212] A motion for the courts to grant leave to amend the complaint further was filed on December 30,[213] and the second amended complaint was submitted on January 5, 2016.[214]

Opinion polling

General election polling
Democratic primary polling
Republican primary polling

See also

References

  1. ^ "United States House of Representatives floor summary for Jan 8, 2009". Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Federal elections 2008" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  3. ^ "MID-TERM ELECTIONS 2010: Democrats lose the House in Republican tsunami". Daily Mail.
  4. ^ "President Map". The New York Times. November 29, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  5. ^ "Gallup Daily: Obama Job Approval". Gallup. May 10, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  6. ^ Sabato, Larry J. (April 17, 2015). "Clinton's Real Opponent: Barack Obama". Politico. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  7. ^ Cohn, Nate (January 16, 2015). "What a Rise in Obama's Approval Rating Means for 2016". The New York Times. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  8. ^ "Election Other – President Obama Job Approval". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  9. ^ Amira, Dan (November 8, 2012). "Let the 2016 Campaign Season Begin!". New York. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  10. ^ Martin, Johnathon; Haberman, Maggie (November 8, 2012). "2016 election: Hillary Clinton vs. Jeb Bush?". Politico. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  11. ^ Barbaro, Micharl (November 8, 2012). "After Obama, Christie Wants a G.O.P. Hug". The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  12. ^ "2014 midterm election turnout lowest in 70 years | PBS NewsHour". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  13. ^ a b "2014 Election Results". Politico. December 17, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  14. ^ "Nearly half of Americans will now live in states under total GOP control". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
  15. ^ "The Other GOP Wave: State Legislatures &#124". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
  16. ^ Keith, Tamara; Montanar, Domenico (April 10, 2015). "Hillary Clinton Expected To Go Small With Big Announcement". NPR. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  17. ^ a b "Second straight poll shows Bernie Sanders leading in New Hampshire". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  18. ^ Merica, Dan (April 30, 2015). "Bernie Sanders is running for president". CNN. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  19. ^ "Bernie Sanders surpasses Hillary Clinton in New Hampshire polls". The Huffington Post. August 25, 2015. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  20. ^ "Huffpost Pollster". The Huffington Post. October 1, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  21. ^ Jackson, David & Cooper, Allen (May 30, 2015). "Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race". USA Today. Retrieved May 30, 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ DelReal, Jose A. (June 3, 2015). "Lincoln Chafee announces long-shot presidential bid". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  23. ^ "Rhode Island's Chafee enters 2016 Democratic contest". Boston Herald. Associated Press. June 3, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  24. ^ Catanese, David (July 2, 2015). "Jim Webb Announces For President". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  25. ^ Meyer, Theodoric (September 6, 2015). "Lessig: I'm running for president". Slate. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  26. ^ "Jim Webb to consider running as an independent". POLITICO. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  27. ^ "Biden says he's not running in 2016". OnPolitics. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  28. ^ "Joe Biden Not Running for President". ABC News. October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  29. ^ Wagner, John; Weigel, David (October 23, 2015). "Lincoln Chafee ends Democratic bid for president". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  30. ^ a b Strauss, Daniel (November 2, 2015). "Lessig drops out of presidential race". Politico. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  31. ^ Chozick, Amy. "Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  32. ^ Karni, Annie (April 12, 2015). "Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run". Politico. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  33. ^ "Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. April 13, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  34. ^ Jackson, David & Cooper, Allen (May 30, 2015). "Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race". USA Today. Retrieved May 30, 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ^ "Martin O'Malley FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. May 29, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  36. ^ Rappeport, Alan (April 30, 2015). "Bernie Sanders Announces He Is Running for President". Retrieved April 30, 2015.
  37. ^ "Bernard Sanders FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. April 28, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
  38. ^ "San Diego businessman 'Rocky' De La Fuente has eyes set on the White House".
  39. ^ "Alabama primary 2016: Who qualified for the ballot?". AL.com.
  40. ^ a b c d e f "CANDIDATES FOR PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Filed with the Secretary of State November 4 – 20, 2015" (PDF). Ok.gov. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  41. ^ "Arkansas Secretary of State". Sos.arkansas.gov. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  42. ^ "State of Arizona : Rocky De La Fuente Nomination" (PDF). Azsos.gov. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  43. ^ a b c "2016 Presidential Preference Primary Candidates". Sos.mo.gov. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  44. ^ a b c "2016 March Primary Election Candidate Filings". Webservies.sos.state.tx.us. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  45. ^ a b "Filed Presidential Candidates Primary Election Candidates". Sos.state.oh.us. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  46. ^ "Michigan Says Rocky De La Fuente Has Enough Signatures to be on Democratic Presidential Primary Ballot | Ballot Access News". Ballot-access.org. December 23, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  47. ^ "Rocky De La Fuente Appears to Qualify for Democratic Presidential Primary Ballot in North Carolina | Ballot Access News". Ballot-access.org. December 31, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  48. ^ "State DFL OKs 4 candidates for caucus". Austin Daily Herald. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  49. ^ "Candidate Detail". Elections.state.il.us. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  50. ^ "Rocky qualifies for Vermont Primary". WAMC Northeast Public Radio. January 12, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  51. ^ "Keith Judd FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. May 23, 2015. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
  52. ^ a b William M. Gardner. "Home – NHSOS". Sos.nh.gov. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  53. ^ a b c "Candidate Inquiry".
  54. ^ [1] [dead link‍]
  55. ^ "Sam Sloan FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. September 29, 2015. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
  56. ^ Sutherland, Paige (November 20, 2015). "Fired Up About the 'Pony Economy'? Vermin Supreme Just Might Be Your Candidate". New Hampshire Public Radio. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  57. ^ Snyder, Brian (November 20, 2015). "U.S. Democratic presidential candidate Vermin Supreme files his declaration of candidacy to appear on the New Hampshire primary election ballot in Concord". Yahoo! News. Reuters. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  58. ^ Willie Wilson Throws Hat In the Ring to Bid for President Chicago Defender. May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  59. ^ Chicago businessman Willie Wilson running for president WGN-TV. June 1, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  60. ^ "Willie Wilson FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. May 13, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  61. ^ "South Carolina Democratic Party Nominees". Info.scvotes.sc.gov. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  62. ^ "Candidate Detail". Elections.state.il.us. January 4, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  63. ^ Lyon, John (November 9, 2015). "Presidential hopefuls grow to 19, other races develop on last day of filing period". Arkansas News. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  64. ^ "Arkansas Secretary of State".
  65. ^ "2016 Presidential Preference Primary Candidates". Sos.mo.gov. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  66. ^ Walker, Hunter (December 26, 2012). "Conspiracy Theorist Jeff Boss Launches Mayoral Bid". Politicker Network. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
  67. ^ "Jeff Boss FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. August 25, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  68. ^ "Harry Braun FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. May 28, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  69. ^ "David Mills FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. May 7, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
  70. ^ Burns, Michael (October 30, 2014) "Presidential candidate visits his old home in Greer", The Greenville News. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  71. ^ Palmes-Dennis, Susan (November 1, 2013) "Democratic presidential aspirant lays out game plan for US", Sun.Star. Retrieved November 22, 2013
  72. ^ "Robert Carr Wells Jr. FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. November 11, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  73. ^ Walsh, Michael (October 20, 2015) "Jim Webb drops out of Democratic primary race", Yahoo! Politics. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  74. ^ Merica, Dan; LoBianco, Tom (October 23, 2015) "Lincoln Chafee drops out of Democratic primary race", CNN.com. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  75. ^ Martin, Nathan; Maggie Haberman (March 22, 2015). "Ted Cruz Hopes Early Campaign Entry Will Focus Voters' Attention". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
  76. ^ "Ted Cruz Announces Presidential Bid". NBC News. March 23, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  77. ^ Camia, Catalina (April 7, 2015). "Rand Paul announces presidential run". USA Today. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  78. ^ Jaffe, Alexandra; Bash, Dana (April 13, 2015) "He's in: Marco Rubio announces presidential bid", CNN. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  79. ^ Leary, Alex (April 13, 2015). "Marco Rubio, Casting Himself as a Leader for a New Generation, is Running for President". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  80. ^ Katie, Glueck (April 14, 2015). "Ben Carson to announce 2016 intentions in Detroit on May 4". Politico. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  81. ^ Epstein, Reid (April 22, 2015). "Carly Fiorina to Launch Presidential Campaign on May 4". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
  82. ^ Barabak, Mark Z. (April 17, 2015). "Mike Huckabee edges toward 2016 run; May 5 announcement planned". Los Angeles Times.
  83. ^ "Announcement – Rick Santorum for President". Ricksantorum.com. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
  84. ^ Fahrenthold, David A. (May 28, 2015). "George Pataki announces presidential campaign". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  85. ^ Rappeport, Alan (June 1, 2015). "Lindsey Graham Announces Presidential Bid". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  86. ^ Jervis, Rick; Camia, Catalina (June 4, 2015). "Rick Perry launches 2016 presidential campaign". USA TODAY. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  87. ^ "Jeb Bush set to launch 2016 presidential bid today; logo omits last name". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  88. ^ "Donald Trump Announces Presidential Campaign". The Wall Street Journal. June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  89. ^ "Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal Becomes First Asian-Indian to Run for President". Fox News Channel. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
  90. ^ Moody, Chris; Killough, Ashley (June 30, 2015). "Chris Christie launches 2016 presidential bid". CNN. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  91. ^ Burlij, Terence; Lee, MJ; LoBianco, Tom (July 13, 2015). "Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker officially enters 2016 presidential race". CNN. Retrieved July 13, 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  92. ^ a b Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (July 21, 2015). "John Kasich Enters Crowded 2016 Race Facing Job of Catch-Up". The New York Times. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  93. ^ a b Allen, Cooper (July 30, 2015). "Jim Gilmore formally joins GOP presidential race". USA Today. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  94. ^ Rafferty, Andrew (June 15, 2015). "Jeb Bush Makes 2016 Run Official". NBC News. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  95. ^ "Jeb Bush FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. June 15, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  96. ^ Terris, Ben (May 3, 2015). "Ben Carson announces presidential campaign". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
  97. ^ Rafferty , Andrew (May 4, 2015). "Ben Carson Announces 2016 Run". NBC News. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
  98. ^ "Ben Carson FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  99. ^ Barbaro, Michael (June 30, 2015). "Chris Christie Announces Run, Pledging 'Truth' About Nation's Woes". The New York Times. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  100. ^ "Christopher J. Christie FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. July 1, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  101. ^ Mascaro, Lisa and David Lauter (March 22, 2015). "Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz Launches Presidential Bid". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  102. ^ Zezima, Katie (March 23, 2015). "Ted Cruz Announces He's Running for President". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  103. ^ "Ted Cruz FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. March 23, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  104. ^ Gass, Nick (May 4, 2015). "Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for president'". Politico. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
  105. ^ "Carly Fiorina FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  106. ^ "Jim Gilmore FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. July 29, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
  107. ^ Trip, Gabriel (May 5, 2015). "Mike Huckabee Joins Republican Presidential Race". The New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  108. ^ "Mike Huckabee FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  109. ^ "John Kasich FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. July 23, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  110. ^ Lambert, Lisa (April 7, 2015). "Republican Rand Paul announces 2016 presidential run on website". Reuters. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  111. ^ Killough, Ashley (April 7, 2015). "Rand Paul: 'I am running for president'". CNN. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  112. ^ "Rand Paul FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  113. ^ Parker, Ashley (April 13, 2015). "Marco Rubio Announces 2016 Presidential Bid". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  114. ^ Nelson, Rebecca (April 13, 2015) "Marco Rubio Makes His Pitch as the Fresh Face of the GOP in 2016", National Journal. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  115. ^ "Marco Rubio FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. April 13, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  116. ^ Jackson, David (May 27, 2015). "Santorum officially begins 2016 presidential campaign". USA Today. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  117. ^ "Rick Santorum FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. May 27, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  118. ^ "Donald Trump is running for president". Business Insider. June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  119. ^ "Donald Trump announces presidential bid". The Washington Post. June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  120. ^ "Donald Trump FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
  121. ^ "'Birther King' announces 2016 campaign for U.S. president". Wikinews. August 16, 2015.
  122. ^ "Andy Martin FEC Filing" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. July 16, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  123. ^ "Jack Fellure FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. November 13, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  124. ^ "Rick Perry drops out of 2016 GOP presidential race". Texas Tribune.org. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  125. ^ Holland, Steve; Stephenson, Emily (September 21, 2015). "Republican Walker exits 2016 presidential race". Reuters. Retrieved September 22, 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  126. ^ Struyk, Ryan (November 17, 2015). "Republican Bobby Jindal Drops Out of Presidential Race". ABC News. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  127. ^ http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/15/politics/lindsey-graham-jeb-bush-endorsement/
  128. ^ Graham, Lindsey. "A message from Lindsey Graham". YouTube. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  129. ^ South Carolina Sen. Lindsey Graham Ends Republican Presidential Bid, NBC News, December 21, 2015.
  130. ^ "James Pindell on Twitter: "Scoop: @GovernorPataki is calling his NH supporters this afternoon telling him he will drop his bid for president #fitn"". Twitterm. December 29, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  131. ^ "George Pataki Drops Out Of 2016 Presidential Race". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  132. ^ "July 2015 Ballot Access News Print Edition", Ballot Access News. August 6, 2015.
  133. ^ "Arkansas Says Constitution Party and Green Party Both Are on 2016 Ballot for President", Ballot Access News. August 6, 2015.
  134. ^ Davis, Glenn (April 20, 2015) "Green Party Says It Is The Alternative to Warmongers and Special Interests", IVN.us. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  135. ^ Schoenberg, Shira (December 15, 2015). "Democrat Bernie Sanders, Republican Jim Gilmore to top 2016 Massachusetts primary ballots". The Republican. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  136. ^ Bartels, Lynn (June 22, 2015). "Green Party's Jill Stein to run again for president". The Denver Post. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  137. ^ "Jill Stein FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  138. ^ "July 2015 Ballot Access News Print Edition". ballot-access.org.
  139. ^ "Cleveland doc who never voted till age 50 is ready to run for president in 2016". Modern Healthcare.
  140. ^ Goodrich, Barry. "Candid Candidate". www.clevelandmagazine.com.
  141. ^ Collins, Eliza (January 6, 2016). "Libertarian Gary Johnson launches presidential bid". Politico. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
  142. ^ Swartz, Jon (December 24, 2015). "McAfee will run as Libertarian Party candidate for president". USA Today. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  143. ^ "Staerment of Candidacy : Austin Wade Petersen" (PDF). Docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  144. ^ Ziggler, Jed. "Austin Petersen Launches 2016 Libertarian Presidential Campaign". Independent Political Report. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  145. ^ "Robert David Steele Seeking Libertarian Presidential Nomination, Wants to Create Coalition to End "Two Party Tyranny"". Independent Political Report. June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
  146. ^ "Robert Steele Declares for Libertarian Nomination". We The People Reform Coalition. June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
  147. ^ "Robert Steele: I am no longer a candidate for the Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination". Independent Political Report. January 6, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
  148. ^ "American Freedom Party Becomes a Qualified Party in Mississippi", Ballot Access News. August 12, 2015.
  149. ^ "Kenn Gividen Steps Down as American Freedom Party Presidential Nominee, Bob Whitaker to Take His Place at the Top of the Ticket", Independent Political Report. July 26, 2015.
  150. ^ Ziggler, Jed (October 3, 2015). "American Freedom Party Takes Robocall Campaign to AL, Tom Bowie is New VP Nominee". Independent Political Report. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
  151. ^ "Committee Tracking system - Florida Division of Elections - Department of State". Dos.elections.myflorida.com. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  152. ^ "Qualified Political Parties | California Secretary of State". Sos.ca.gov. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  153. ^ Ziggler, Jed (January 1, 2016). "Tom Hoefling Announces 2016 Presidential Campaign". Independent Political Report. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  154. ^ a b Ziggler, Jed (November 8, 2015). "Independent American Party Nominates Farley Anderson for President". Independent Political Report. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  155. ^ a b "Nutrition Party Announces Presidential Candidate, and Qualifies Him for Colorado Ballot | Ballot Access News". Ballot-access.org. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  156. ^ Silva, Rod (October 20, 2015). "FEC Form 2: Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). fec.gov. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  157. ^ Silva, Rod. "My fellow Americans". Rod Silva for President 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  158. ^ "Committee Tracking system – Florida Division of Elections – Department of State". myflorida.com.
  159. ^ Winger, Richard (July 24, 2015). "Party for Socialism and Liberation Announces 2016 Presidential Ticket". Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
  160. ^ "Qualified Political Parties". ca.gov.
  161. ^ "Political Party Information". myflorida.com.
  162. ^ "Gloria La Riva FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. October 13, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  163. ^ http://ballot-access.org/2016/01/15/peace-freedom-party-asks-california-secretary-of-state-to-list-four-names-on-presidential-primary-ballot/
  164. ^ http://ballot-access.org/2016/01/15/peace-freedom-party-asks-california-secretary-of-state-to-list-four-names-on-presidential-primary-ballot/
  165. ^ http://ballot-access.org/2016/01/15/peace-freedom-party-asks-california-secretary-of-state-to-list-four-names-on-presidential-primary-ballot/
  166. ^ "Prohibition Party Now a Qualified Party in Mississippi".
  167. ^ a b "Ballot access". ballotpedia.org.
  168. ^ a b "Prohibition Party Nominates National Ticket". Ballot Access News. July 31, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  169. ^ "James Hedges FEC Filing" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. October 27, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  170. ^ a b Winger, Richard (October 17, 2015). "Socialist Party National Ticket Nominated". Ballot Access News. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
  171. ^ "Ballot Access News – Veterans Party is Now a Ballot-Qualified Party in Mississippi". ballot-access.org.
  172. ^ "Chris Keniston 2016". Chris Keniston 2016.
  173. ^ "Veterans Party of America". Veterans Party of America.
  174. ^ a b "Workers World Party Nominates Monica Moorehead for President". Independent Political Report. November 9, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  175. ^ Mulshine, Molly (June 25, 2015) "The notorious ‘King of Instagram' threw a raunchy presidential campaign launch party and I had a front row seat", Business Insider. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  176. ^ "FEC Form 2 : Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  177. ^ Hewitt, John (October 31, 2014) "An interview with Zoltan Istvan, leader of the Transhumanist Party and 2016 presidential contender", ExtremeTech.com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  178. ^ Bartlett, Jamie (December 23, 2014). "Meet the Transhumanist Party: 'Want to live forever? Vote for me'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  179. ^ "Zoltan Istvan Gyurko FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. June 19, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  180. ^ Gavin, Patrick (November 29, 2013) "2016 already here for fringe hopefuls", Politico. Retrieved November 30, 2013
  181. ^ "Terry Jones FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. December 11, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  182. ^ "US Presidential Candidate Merlin Miller says, "Israel Did 911; Zionists Control US Politics."". Gmmuk.com. August 23, 2015. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  183. ^ "Guy Schwartz FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. August 18, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  184. ^ " 'Blue Collar' comedian Ron White announces he's running for president", AOL News. November 11, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  185. ^ Weiner, Rachel (January 7, 2016). "Jim Webb takes step toward independent presidential campaign". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  186. ^ Healy, Patrick; Martin, Jonathan (January 9, 2016) "For Republicans Mounting Fears of Lasting Split". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  187. ^ Louis, Errol (January 13, 2016) "Michael Bloomberg for President?". CNN.com. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  188. ^ Yglesias, Matthew (November 8, 2014). "A totally legal, totally shady way that Republicans could ensure Hillary Clinton's defeat". Vox. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  189. ^ Doherty, Brendan (July 31, 2012). "President Obama's Disproportionate Battleground State Focus Started Early, Echoed Predecessors' Actions". Monkey Cage. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
  190. ^ Abramowitz, Alan (August 2, 2012). "Do Presidential Campaigns Matter? Evidence From the 2008 Election". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  191. ^ a b Balz, Dan (January 18, 2014). "The Republican Party's uphill path to 270 electoral votes in 2016 elections". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
  192. ^ a b c Kondik, Kyle; Skelley, Geoffrey; Sabato, Larry (May 3, 2015). "The 2016 Results We Can Already Predict". Politico. Retrieved September 22, 2015.
  193. ^ "The Most Valuable Voters of 2016". nationaljournal.com.
  194. ^ de Bernardo, Mark A.; Robert Horn (September 4, 2014). "Marijuana-Legalization Efforts and Their Impact on the Presidential Race". The National Law Review. Jackson Lewis P.C. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
  195. ^ Winger, Richard (July 20, 2015). "Constitution Party Selects City and Dates for Presidential Convention". Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  196. ^ Winger, Richard (July 11, 2014). "Libertarian Party Moves Into National Party Headquarters That it Owns". Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  197. ^ "Libertarian National Committee Minutes July 15–16, 2012" (PDF). Libertarian National Committee. p. 4. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  198. ^ "RNC officially approves Cleveland as 2016 convention host", CBS News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  199. ^ Isenstadt, Alex (January 14, 2014) "GOP convention set for July 18–21 in 2016", Politico. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  200. ^ Camia, Catalina and Martha A. Moore (February 12, 2015). "Democrats pick Philadelphia for 2016 convention". USA Today. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
  201. ^ Winger, Richard (August 2, 2015) "Green Party Will Hold Presidential Convention in Houston", Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  202. ^ "CPD Announces 2016 Debate Host Applicants". Commission on Presidential Debates. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  203. ^ Sanchez, Stephen M. "Three Texas Locations Vie For 2016 Presidential Debates". San Antonio Daily News. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  204. ^ a b "Commission On Presidential Debates announces sites and dates for 2016 general election debates". Commission on Presidential Debates. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
  205. ^ Ziggler, Jed (October 7, 2015). "Free and Equal Announces Date and Location for General Election Presidential Debate". Independent Political Report. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  206. ^ Level the Playing Field et al. v. FEC, 1:15-cv-00961 (D.D.C. 2015).
  207. ^ Miller, Zeke J. (June 21, 2015) "Third-Party Advocates File Lawsuit Over Presidential Debates", Time.com. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
  208. ^ "Sunshine Act Meetings" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
  209. ^ Jessica Selinkoff, Robert Knop (July 16, 2015). DRAFT NOTICE OF DISPOSITION ON REG 2014-06 (CANDIDATE DEBATES) (audio recording). 999 E. Street NW, Washington D.C. Retrieved July 19, 2015.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  210. ^ Level the Playing Field et al. v. FEC, 1:15-cv-01397 (D.D.C. 2015).
  211. ^ Level the Playing Field et al. v. FEC (Amended Complaint), 1:15-cv-01397 (D.D.C. 2015).
  212. ^ "Defendant FEC's Answer to Level the Playing Field et al. v. FEC" (PDF). Fec.gov. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  213. ^ "Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Complaint" (PDF). Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  214. ^ Level the Playing Field et al. v. FEC (Second Amended Complaint), 1:15-cv-01397 (D.D.C. 2016).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2016_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=700612141"