Pangasinan

Pangasinan
Pangasinan
Province
	Flag Seal
	Nickname(s): Heartland of the Philippines; Land of Miracles and Romance; Premier Province of the North
	Location in the Philippines
Country	Philippines
Region	Ilocos (Region I)
Founded	1580
Capital	Lingayen
Government
• Type	Province of the Philippines
• Governor	Amado Espino, Jr. (NPC)
• Vice Governor	Jose Ferdinand Calimlim, Jr. (NPC)
Area
• Total	5,451.01 km2 (2,104.65 sq mi)
• Rank	17th out of 81
Population (2010)
• Total	2,779,862
• Rank	3rd out of 81
• Density	510/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
• Rank	11th out of 81
	including independent cities
Divisions
• Independent cities	1
• Component cities	3
• Municipalities	44
• Barangays	1,333 ; including independent cities: 1,364
• Districts	1st to 6th districts of Pangasinan (shared with Dagupan City)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PHT)
ZIP code	2400 - 2447
Dialing code	75
ISO 3166 code	PH-PAN
Languages	Pangasinan (official), Ilocano, Bolinao, Tagalog, English
Website	www.pangasinan.gov.ph

Pangasinan (Template:Lang-pag) is a province in the Philippines. Its official language is Pangasinan or Pangasinense and its provincial capital is Lingayen. Pangasinan is located on the western area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf and South China Sea. It has a total land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi).^[1] According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 2,779,862 people.^[2] The official number of registered voters in Pangasinan is 1,651,814.^[3]

Pangasinan is the name for the province, the people, and the official language spoken in the province. Indigenous Pangasinan speakers are estimated to number at least 2 million. The Pangasinan language is one of the officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines. In Pangasinan, there were several ethnic groups who enriched the cultural fabric of the province. Almost half of the people are Pangasinenses and the rest are decendants of Bolinao, Ilocano and Tagalog who settled the eastern and western parts of the province. ^[4] Pangasinan is also spoken as a second-language by many of the ethnic minorities in Pangasinan. The minority ethnic groups are the Bolinao, Ilocano and Tagalog.

The name Pangasinan pronounced as "Pa-nga-si-nan" in Pangasinan or Pangasinense means "place for salt" or "place of salt-making"; it is derived from the prefix pang, meaning "for", the root word asin, meaning "salt”, and suffix an, signifying "location". At present it is pronounced Paŋgasinan based on the Spanish pronunciation due to their inability to utter or pronounce the nasal sound <nga> /ŋ/. The province is a major producer of salt in the Philippines. Its major products include "bagoong" ("salted-fish") and "aramang" ("salted-shrimp")

Pangasinan was founded by Austronesian-speakers who called themselves Anakbanwa by at least 2500 BC. A kingdom called Luyag na Kaboloan, which expanded to incorporate much of northwestern Luzon, existed in Pangasinan before the Spanish conquest that began in the 16th century.^[5] The Kingdom of Loyag na Kaboloan was known as the Huangdom of Pangasinan in Chinese records. The ancient Pangasinan people were skilled navigators and the maritime trade network that once flourished in ancient Southeast Asia connected Pangasinan with other peoples of Southeast Asia, India, China, and the Pacific. The ancient kingdom of Luyag na Kaboloan was in fact mentioned in Chinese and Indian records as being an important kingdom on ancient trade routes.^[5]

Popular tourist attractions in Pangasinan include the Hundred Islands National Park and the white-sand beaches of Bolinao and Dasol. Dagupan City is known for its Bangus Festival ("Milkfish Festival"). Pangasinan is also known for its delicious mangoes and ceramic oven-baked Calasiao puto ("rice muffin").

Pangasinan occupies a strategic geo-political position in the central plain of Luzon, known as the rice granary of the Philippines. Pangasinan has been described as a gateway to northern Luzon and as the heartland of the Philippines.

History

Ancient history

The Pangasinan people, like most of the people in the Malay Archipelago, are descended from the Austronesian-speakers who settled in Southeast Asia since prehistoric times. Comparative genetics, linguistics, and archaeological studies locate the origin of the Austronesian languages in Sundaland, which was populated as early as 50,000 years ago by modern humans.^[6]^[7]^[8] The Pangasinan language is one of many languages that belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family.

Southeast Asian maritime trade network

A vast maritime trade network connected the distant Austronesian settlements in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and the Indian Ocean. The Pangasinan people were part of this ancient Austronesian civilization.

The ancient Austronesian-speakers were expert navigators. Their outrigger canoes and sailboats were capable of crossing the distant seas. The Malagasy sailed from the Malay archipelago to Madagascar, an island across the Indian Ocean, and probably reached Africa. The Polynesians settled the distant Pacific islands as far away as Hawaii and Easter Island, and probably reached the Americas. At least three hundred years before the arrival of Europeans, the Makasar and the Bugis from Sulawesi, in what is now Indonesia, as well as the Bajau of the Malay archipelago, carried out long-distance commerce with their prau or paraw ("sailboat") and established settlements in north Australia, which they called Marege.^[9]

Pangasinan was founded by Austronesian-speakers who called themselves Anakbanwa during the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan in about 5000 - 2500 BC or the Austronesian dispersal from Sundaland at least 7,000 years ago after the last Ice Age. Anakbanwa means “child of banwa.” Banwa (also spelled banua or vanua) is an Austronesian concept that could mean territory, homeland, habitat, society, civilization or cosmos. The Pangasinan people identified or associated banwa with the sun, which was their symbol for their banwa. The Pangasinan people are closely related to the Ibaloi in the neighboring province of Benguet and other peoples of Northern Philippines. The Anakbanwa established their settlements in the Agno River Valley and along the Lingayen Gulf. The coastal area came to be known as Pangasinan, and the interior area came to be known as Kaboloan. Eventually, the whole region and its people came to be known as Pangasinan. Archaeological evidence and early Chinese and Indian records show that the inhabitants of Pangasinan traded with India, China and Japan as early as the 8th century A.D.

Huangdom of Pangasinan or Luyag na Kaboloan

The Huangdom of Pangasinan (As known in Chinese records) and locally known as the ancient kingdom or state called Luyag na Kaboloan (also spelled Caboloan), with Binalatongan as its capital, existed in the fertile Agno River valley. Around the same period, the Srivijaya and Majapahit empires arose in Indonesia that extended their influence to much of the Malay Archipelago. Urduja/Udaya, a legendary woman warrior, is believed to have ruled in Pangasinan around the 14th century. The Luyag na Kaboloan expanded the territory and influence of Pangasinan to what are now the neighboring provinces of Zambales, La Union, Tarlac, Benguet, Nueva Ecija, and Nueva Vizcaya. Pangasinan enjoyed full independence until the Spanish conquest.

Anito and mana beliefs and practices

The ancient Pangasinan people, like other Austronesian peoples, practiced anito-worship. An anito was believed to be the spirit or divine power of an ancestor or the god or divine power in nature or natural phenomena. They believed in mana, an Austronesian concept which can be described as the divine power or vital or spiritual essence of every being and everything that exists. To the Pangasinan people, mana can be transferred, inherited or acquired, like from an ancestor, nature, or natural phenomena. Their belief or practice is similar to Shamanist or animist beliefs and rituals. They worshipped a pantheon of anito ("spirit" or "deity"). Their temples or altars were dedicated to a chief anito called Ama Kaoley (“Supreme Father”), who communicated through mediums or priests called manag-anito. These manag-anito wore special costumes when serving an anito and they made offerings of oils, ointments, essences, and perfumes in exquisite vessels.

Spanish accounts of pre-Hispanic Pangasinan

In the sixteenth-century Pangasinan was called the "Port of Japan" by the Spanish. The locals wore native apparel typical of other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups in addition to Japanese and Chinese silks. Even common people were clad in Chinese and Japanese cotton garments. They also blackened their teeth and were disgusted by the white teeth of foreigners, which were likened to that of animals. Also, used porcelain jars typical of Japanese and Chinese households. Japanese-style gunpowder weapons were also encountered in naval battles in the area.^[10] In exchange for these goods, traders from all over Asia would come to trade primarily for gold and slaves, but also for deerskins, civet and other local products. Other than a notably more extensive trade network with Japan and China, they were culturally similar to other Luzon groups to the south.

Pangasinans were also described as a warlike people who were long known for their resistance to Spanish conquest. Bishop Domingo Salazar described them as really the worst people, the fiercest and cruelest in the land. There was evidence of Christian influence even before Spanish colonization; they used vintage wine in small quantities for their sacramental practices. The church bragged that they won the northern part of the Philippines for Spain not Spanish military. They were also unusually strict against adulterers, with the punishment being death for both offending parties. Pangasinans were also known to take defeated Zambal and Negrito warriors to sell as slaves to Chinese traders.^[11]

Christianity

In 1324, Odoric of Pordenone, a Franciscan missionary from Friuli, Italy, is believed by some to have celebrated a Catholic Mass and baptized natives at Bolinao, Pangasinan. In July 2007, memorial markers were set up in Bolinao to commemorate Odoric's journey based on a publication by Luigi Malamocco, an Italian priest from Friuli, Italy, who claimed that Odoric of Perdenone held the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines in Bolinao, Pangasinan. That 1324 mass would have predated the mass held in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan, which is generally regarded as the first mass in the Philippines, by some 197 years. However, historian William Henry Scott concluded after examining Oderic's writings about his travels that he likely never set foot on Philippine soil and, if he did, there is no reason to think that he celebrated mass.^[12]

Spanish colonization

On April 27, 1565, the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in the Philippine islands with about 500 soldiers to establish a Spanish settlement and begin the conquest of the archipelago. On May 24, 1570, the Spanish forces defeated Rajah Sulayman and other rulers of Manila and later declared Manila as the new capital of the Spanish East Indies. After securing Manila, the Spanish forces continued to conquer the rest of the island of Luzon, including Pangasinan.

Provincia de Pangasinan

In 1571, the Spanish conquest of Pangasinan began with an expedition by the Spanish conquistador Martín de Goiti, who came from the Spanish settlement in Manila through Pampanga. About a year later, another Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo, sailed to Lingayen Gulf and landed at the mouth of the Agno River. Limahong, a Chinese pirate, fled to Pangasinan after his fleet was driven away from Manila in 1574. Limahong failed to establish a colony in Pangasinan, as an army led by Juan de Salcedo chased him out of Pangasinan after a seven-month siege.

The province of Pangasinan dates its actual beginnings as an administrative and judicial district, with Lingayen as the capital, to as early as 1580, but its territorial boundaries were first delineated in 1611. Lingayen has remained the capital of the province except for a brief period during the revolutionary Era when San Carlos served as temporary administrative headquarters, and during the slightly longer Japanese Occupation when Dagupan was the capital.^[13]

The province of Pangasinan was formerly classified as an alcaldia mayor de termino, or first class civil province, during the Spanish regime and has, in fact, remained a first class-A province up to the present. Its territorial jurisdiction once included the entire province of Zambales and portions of what are now Tarlac and La Union provinces.^[13]

Rebellion against the Spanish rule

Malong liberation

Andres Malong, a native chief of the town of Binalatongan (now named San Carlos City), liberated the province from Spanish rule in December 1660. The people of Pangasinan proclaimed Andres Malong Ari na Pangasinan ("King of Pangasinan"). Pangasinan armies attempted to liberate the neighboring provinces of Pampanga and Ilocos, but were repelled by a Spanish-led coalition of loyalist tribal warriors and mercenaries. In February 1661, the newly independent Kingdom of Pangasinan fell to the Spanish.

Palaris liberation

On November 3, 1762, the people of Pangasinan proclaimed independence from Spain after a rebellion led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris overthrew Spanish rule in Pangasinan. The Pangasinan revolt was sparked by news of the fall of Manila to the British on October 6, 1762. However, after the Treaty of Paris on March 1, 1763 that closed the Seven Years' War between Britain, France and Spain, the Spanish colonial forces made a counter-attack. On January 16, 1765, Juan de la Cruz Palaris was captured and Pangasinan independence was again lost.

Philippine revolution against Spain

The Katipunan, a nationalist secret society, was founded on July 7, 1892 with the aim of uniting the peoples of the Philippines and fighting for independence and religious freedom. The Philippine Revolution began on August 26, 1896 and was led by Andres Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan. On November 18, 1897, a Katipunan council was formed in western Pangasinan with Roman Manalang as Presidente Generalisimo and Mauro Ortiz as General. General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. Dagupan City, the major commercial center of Pangasinan, was surrounded by Katipunan forces by July 18, 1898. The Battle of Dagupan lasted from July 18 to July 23 of that year with the surrender of 1,500 soldiers of the Spanish forces under Commander Federico J. Ceballos and Governor Joaquin de Orengochea.

File:Andres Urdaneta monumentua, Urdaneta City, Philippines.jpg

Andres Urdaneta monument, in front of the City Hall.

The Battle of Dagupan, fought fiercely by local Katipuneros under the overall command of General Francisco Makabulos, chief of the Central and Directive Committee of Central and Northern Luzon, and the last remnants of the once mighty Spanish Army under General Francisco Ceballos, led to the liberation of Pangasinan from the Spaniards. The five-day battle was joined by three local heroes: Don Daniel Maramba from Santa Barbara, Don Vicente Prado from San Jacinto and Don Juan Quezada from Dagupan. Their armies massed in Dagupan to lay siege on the Spanish forces, making a last stand at the brick-walled Catholic Church.

Grave of Don Daniel B. Maramba (Santa Barbara, Pangasinan).

Daniel B. Maramba Monument and 1970 NHI Marker

Maramba led the liberation of the town of Santa Barbara on March 7, 1898 following a signal for simultaneous attack from Makabulos. Hearing that Sta. Barbara fell into rebel hands, the Spanish forces in Dagupan attempted to retake the town, but were repulsed by Maramba's forces. Thus, after the setback, the Spaniards decided to concentrate their forces in Lingayen to protect the provincial capital. This enabled Maramba to expand his operations to Malasiqui, Urdaneta and Mapandan, taking them one after the other. He took one more town, Mangaldan, before proceeding to Dagupan to lay siege on the last Spanish garrison. Also on March 7, 1898, the rebels under the command of Prado and Quesada attacked convents in a number of towns in Zambales province, located west of Lingayen, which now constitute the western parts of Pangasinan.

Attacked and brought under Filipino control were Alaminos, Agno, Anda, Alos, Bani, Balincaguin, Bolinao, Dasol, Eguia and Potot. The revolt then spread to Labrador, Sual, Salasa and many other towns in the west. The towns of Sual, Labrador, Lingayen, Salasa and Bayambang were occupied first by the forces of Prado and Quesada before they proceeded to attack Dagupan.

At an assembly convened to organize a central governing body for Central and Northern Luzon on April 17, 1898, General Makabulos appointed Prado as politico-military governor of Pangasinan, with Quesada as his second in command. His appointment came a few days before the return of General Emilio Aguinaldo in May 1898 from his exile in Hong Kong following the signing of the Pact of Biac-na-Bato in December 1897. Aguinaldo's return gave fresh impetus to the renewal of the flame of the revolution. Thus, on June 3, 1898, General Makabulos entered Tarlac and from that day on, the fires of revolution spread.

So successful were the Filipinos in their many pitched battles against the Spaniards that on June 30, 1898, Spanish authorities decided to evacuate all their forces to Dagupan where a last stand against the rebels was to be made. Also ordered to go to Dagupan were all civilian and military personnel, including members of the volunteer locales of towns not yet in rebel hands. Those who heeded this order were the volunteer forces of Mangaldan, San Jacinto, Pozorrubio, Manaoag, and Villasis. Among those brought to Dagupan was the image of the Most Holy Rosary of the Virgin of Manaoag, which at that time was already the patron saint of Pangasinan.

When the forces of Maramba from the east and Prado from the west converged in Dagupan on July 18, 1898, the siege began. The arrival of General Makabulos strengthened the rebel forces until the Spaniards, holed up inside the Catholic Church, waved the flag of surrender five days later. Armed poorly, the Filipinos were no match at the very start with Spanish soldiers holed inside the Church. They just became mere sitting ducks to Spanish soldiers shooting with their rifles from a distance. But the tempo of battle changed when the attackers, under Don Vicente Prado, devised a crude means of protection to shield them from Spanish fire while advancing. This happened when they rolled trunks of bananas, bundled up in sawali, that enabled them to inch their way to the Church.

American colonization and the Philippine Commonwealth regime

Pangasinan and other parts of the Spanish East Indies were ceded to the Americans after the Treaty of Paris that closed the Spanish–American War. During the Philippine–American War, Lieutenant Col. Jose Torres Bugallon from the town of Salasa fought together with Gen. Antonio Luna to defend the First Philippine Republic against American colonization of Northern Luzon. Bugallon was killed in battle on February 5, 1899. The First Philippine Republic was abolished in 1901. In 1907, the Philippine Assembly was established and for the first time, five residents of Pangasinan were elected as its district representatives. In 1921, Mauro Navarro, representing Pangasinan in the Philippine Assembly, sponsored a law to rename the town of Salasa to Bugallon in order to honor General Bugallon.

During the Philippine Commonwealth regime, Manuel L. Quezon was inaugurated as the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under the collaboration from the United States of America on November 15, 1935.

The 21st Infantry Division, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFFE was found military establishment and built of the general headquarters was active on July 26, 1941 to June 30, 1946 and they stationed in Pangasinan during the pre-World War II era. From the conflict engagements of the Anti-Japanese Imperial military operations included the fall of Bataan and Corregidor and aiding the USAFFE ground force from January to May 1942 and the Japanese Insurgencies and Allied Liberation in Pangasinan from 1942 to 1945 and some parts in North-Central Luzon and helps local guerrillas and American forces against the Japanese.

Philippine Republic

National

1946–1986

After the declaration of Independence in Manila on July 4, 1946, Eugenio Perez, a Liberal Party congressman representing the fourth district of Pangasinan, was elected Speaker of the lower Legislative House. He led the House until 1953, when the Nacionalista Party became the dominant party.

Pangasinan, which was historically part of the Central Luzon region, was made part of the Ilocos Region (or Region I) in the gerrymandering of the Philippines by Ferdinand Marcos, despite the fact that Pangasinan has a distinct primary language, which is Pangasinan. The political classification of Pangasinan as part of the Ilocos Region has generated confusion among some Filipinos that the residents of Pangasinan are Ilocanos. Pangasinan has a distinct primary language and culture, its economy is bigger than the predominantly Ilocano provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and La Union, and its population is more than 50 percent of the population of Region 1. Many people of Pangasinan prefer to have their own Pangasinan Region.

1986–present

In February 1986, Vice Chief of Staff General Fidel V. Ramos, head of the Philippine Integrated National Police and a native of Lingayen and Asingan, Pangasinan, became one of the instrumental figures of the EDSA people power revolution that led to the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos.

After the downfall of Marcos, all local government unit executives in the Philippines were ordered by President Corazon Aquino to vacate their posts. Some local executives were ordered to return to their seats as in the case of Mayor Ludovico Espinosa of Dasol, where he claims he joined the UNIDO, Mrs. Aquino's party during the height of the EDSA Revolution. Fidel Ramos was appointed as AFP Chief of Staff and later as Defense Secretary replacing Juan Ponce Enrile. Oscar Orbos, a congressman from Bani, Pangasinan, was appointed by Aquino as head of the Department of Transportation and Communications and later as Executive Secretary.

On May 11, 1992, Fidel V. Ramos ran for the position of President. He was elected and became the first Pangasinan President of the Philippines. Through his leadership, the Philippines recovered from a severe economy after the oil and power crisis of 1991. His influence also sparked the economic growth of Pangasinan when it hosted the 1995 Palarong Pambansa (Philippine National Games).

Jose de Venecia, who represented the same district as Eugenio Perez, was the second Pangasinan to be Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1992. He was reelected for the same position in 1995. De Venecia was selected by the Ramos' administration party Lakas NUCD to be its presidential candidate in 1998. De Venecia ran but lost to Vice President Joseph Estrada. Oscar Orbos, who served as Pangasinan governor from 1995, ran for Vice President, but lost to Senator Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, whose mother, former First Lady Evangelina Macaraeg-Macapagal, hails from Binalonan, Pangasinan.

Arroyo later ascended to the presidency after the second EDSA Revolution when President Joseph Estrada was overthrown.

On May 2004, actor-turned-politician Fernando Poe, Jr., whose family is from San Carlos City, Pangasinan, ran for President against incumbent Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo during the Philippine general election in 2004. The Pangasinan vote was almost evenly split by the two presidential candidates who both have Pangasinan roots. Arroyo was elected President, but her victory was tainted by charges of electoral fraud and vote-buying.

The state of crisis of the national government in Manila, corruption in Malacañang, widespread poverty, and the slow pace of economic development is forcing many Pangasinenses to seek opportunities in Metro Manila, work in other countries or emigrate to wealthier countries, like the United States.

Geography

Physical

Pangasinan is located on the west central area of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is bordered by La Union and Benguet to the north, Nueva Vizcaya and Nueva Ecija to the east, and Zambales and Tarlac to the south. To the west of Pangasinan is the South China Sea. The province also encloses the Lingayen Gulf.

The province has a land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi).^[1] It is 170 kilometers (105.633 mi) north of Manila, 50 kilometers (31.0685 mi.) south of Baguio City, 115 kilometers (71.4576 mi.) north of Subic International Airport and Seaport, and 80 kilometers (49.7096 mi.) north of Clark International Airport. At the coast of Alaminos, the Hundred islands have become a famous tourist spot.

The terrain of the province is typically flat, with a few being mountainous. The northeastern municipalities of San Manuel, San Nicolas, Natividad, San Quintin and Umingan have hilly to mountainous areas, situated at the tip of the Cordillera mountains. The Zambales mountains extend to the province's western towns of Labrador, Mabini, Bugallon, Aguilar, Mangatarem, Dasol, and Infanta forming the mountainous portions of those towns.

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported several inactive volcanoes in the province: Amorong, Balungao, Cabaluyan, Cahelietan, Candong, and Malabobo. PHIVOLCS reported no active or potentially active volcanoes in Pangasinan. A caldera-like landform is located between the towns of Malasiqui and Villasis with a center at about 15° 55′ N and 120° 30′ E near the Cabaruan Hills.

Several rivers traverse the province. The longest is the Agno River, which originates from the Cordillera mountains of Benguet, eventually emptying its waters into the Lingayen Gulf. Other major rivers include the Bued River, Angalacan River, Sinocalan River, Patalan River, and the Cayanga River.

Administrative divisions

The province of Pangasinan is subdivided into 44 municipalities, 4 cities, and 1,364 barangay (which means "village" or "community"). There are six congressional districts in the province.

The capital of the province is Lingayen. In ancient times, the capital of Pangasinan was Binalatongan, now San Carlos City.

Barangays

Pangasinan has 1,364 barangays comprising its 44 municipalities and 4 cities, ranking the province at 3rd with the most number of barangays in a Philippine province, only behind Leyte and Iloilo.

The most populous barangay in the province is Bonuan Gueset in Dagupan City, with a population of 22,042 in 2010. If cities are excluded, Poblacion in the municipality of Lingayen has the highest population at 12,642. Iton in Bayambang has the lowest with only 99 in the census of 2010.^[14]

Demographics

Population census of
Pangasinan
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1990	2,020,273	—
1995	2,178,412	+1.42%
2000	2,434,086	+2.41%
2007	2,645,395	+1.15%
2010	2,779,862	+1.82%
Source: National Statistics Office^[2]

Population

The Pangasinan people (Totoon Pangasinan) are called Pangasinan or the hispanicized name Pangasinanse, or simply taga-Pangasinan, which means "from Pangasinan". Pangasinan is the third most populated province in the Philippines. The estimated population of the indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language in the province of Pangasinan is 1.5 million and is projected to double in about 30 years. According to the 2000 census, 47 percent of the population are Totoon Pangasinan and 44 percent are Ilocanos. Sambal settlers from Zambales also predominate in the westernmost municipalities of Bolinao and Anda. The Pangasinan people are closely related to the Austronesian-speaking peoples of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

Languages

Languages Spoken (2000)^[15]
Language			Speakers in '000
Pangasinan			1,158
Ilokano			1,076
Tagalog			92
Bolinao			48

The Pangasinan language or Pangasinense is an agglutinative language. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family and is the primary language of the province of Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is similar to the other Malayo-Polynesian languages of the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Madagascar. It is closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet, located north of Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The Pangasinic languages are:

Pangasinan or Pangasinense
Ibaloi
Karao
I-wak
Kalanguya
Keley-I
Kallahan
Kayapa
Tinoc

Other languages are spoken in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Benguet, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and Ifugao.

The educated Pangasinans are mostly proficient in Ilocano, English, and Tagalog, as well as their native language. Pangasinan is mostly spoken in the central part of the province in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and is the second language in other parts of Pangasinan. Ilocano is widely spoken in the western and eastern part of Pangasinan in the 1st, 5th and 6th districts, and Bolinao is widely spoken in the western tip of the province in the Municipality of Bolinao and Anda.

Religion

The religion of the people of Pangasinan is predominantly Christianity with Roman Catholicism as the overwhelming majority at 80% affiliation in the population. The second major denomination in the province is the Aglipayan Church with atleast 15% of the population. Other religious denominations are divided with other Christian groups such as Members Church of God International, Iglesia Ni Cristo, Baptist, Methodist, Church of Christs of Latter Day Saints (Mormon),Jehovah's Witnesses and Seventh-day Adventist. Few are strict believers and continue to practice their indigenous anito beliefs and rituals, like most of the people of the Philippines. Spanish and American missionaries introduced Christianity to Pangasinan. Prior to the Spanish conquest in 1571, the predominant religion of the people of Pangasinan was similar to the indigenous religion of the highland Igorot or the inhabitants of the Cordillera Administrative Region on the island of Luzon, who mostly retained their indigenous culture and religion. A translation of the New Testament (excluding Revelation) in the Pangasinan language by Fr. Nicolas Manrique Alonzo Lallave, a Spanish Dominican friar assigned in Urdaneta, was the first ever translation of a complete portion of the Bible in a Philippine language. Pangasinan was also influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism before the introduction of Christianity.

Economy

Pangasinan has export earnings of around $5.5 million.

Energy

The 1200 megawatt Sual Coal-Fired Power Plant, and 345 megawatt San Roque Multi-Purpose Dam, located in the municipalities of Sual and San Manuel respectively, are the primary sources of energy of the province.

Marine

Pangasinan is a major fish supplier in Luzon, and a major producer of salt in the Philippines. It has extensive fishponds, mostly for raising bangus, or "milkfish", along the coasts of the Lingayen Gulf and the South China Sea. Pangasinan's aquaculture includes oyster and sea urchin farms.

Salt is also a major industry here, they sun dry seawater mixed with Sodium-Bicarbonate until it evaporates the product remains that is why salt from here are a bit bigger. This is their old-ancient tradition inspired from Egypt.

Agriculture

The major crops in Pangasinan are rice, mangoes, corn, and sugar cane. Pangasinan has a land area of 536,819 hectares, and 44 percent of the total land area of Pangasinan is devoted to agricultural production.

Financial

Pangasinan has 593 banking and financing institutions.

Labor

Pangasinan has a labor force of about 1.52 million, and 87 percent of the labor force are gainfully employed.

Investment

The Department of Trade and Industry in the Philippines has identified the following potential investment areas in Pangasinan:

Maguey production and handicraft center
Santiago Island Marine Park
Oyster processing facility
Bagoong technology and processing center
Tannery and leather production center
Oyster and aquaculture farming
Seaweed farming
Bamboo production
Handicraft and furniture making
Manufacture of construction bricks
Tourism development

Health and education

There are thousands of public schools and hundreds of private schools across the province for primary and secondary education. Many Pangasineneses go to Metro Manila and the United States for tertiary and higher education. The state and private colleges and universities in Pangasinan include the following:

AMA Computer College
Asian Institute Of E-Commerce
Calasiao Comprehensive National High School (CCNHS)
Cipriano P. Primicias National High School (CPPNHS)
Colegio de Dagupan
Colegio de San Juan de Letran (Manaoag)
Colegio San Jose De Alaminos
Dagupan Colleges Foundation
Daniel Maramba National High School (DMNHS)
Golden West Colleges
Gospel of Christ Montessori School (GCMS
Kingfisher School of Business and Finance
Luzon Colleges of Science and Technology
Lyceum Northern Luzon
Lyceum Northwestern University
Northern Luzon Adventist College (NLAC)
Oakridge International School of Young Leaders
Palaris College
Pangasinan Merchant Marine Academy
Pangasinan National High School (PNHS)
Pangasinan State University
Panpacific University Northern Philippines
PASS College ( Philippine Accountancy and Science School)
Philippine College of Science and Technology
Pimsat Colleges
Precious Minds Montessori and High School (PMMHS)
Saint Columban's College
Saint Therese of the Child Jesus College Foundation
San Carlos College
St. Camillus College of Manaoag Foundation, Inc.
STI College
University of Eastern Pangasinan - Binalonan
University of Luzon
University of Pangasinan
University Of Perpetual Help – Jonelta Foundation (Pangasinan Campus)
Urdaneta City University
Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation
WCC Aeronautical and Technological College

Pangasinan has 51 hospitals and clinics and 68 rural health units (as of July 2002). Although some residents go to Manila and the United States for extensive medical tests and treatment, most Pangasinenses go to the medical centers in the cities of Dagupan, San Carlos City, and Urdaneta.

Culture

The culture of Pangasinan is a blend of the indigenous Malayo-Polynesian and western Hispanic and American cultures, with some Indian and Chinese influences. Today, Pangasinan is very much westernized. The main centers of Pangasinense culture are Lingayen, San Carlos City, Dagupan, and Manaoag.

Sports and entertainment

CSI STADIA (Jimmy Fernandez Complex)
Dagupan City People's Astrodome
East Gate Plaza, A.B Fernandez East, Dagupan City
Narciso Ramos Sports and Civic Center
Orient Pacific Center, Perez Blvd. Dagupan City
Robert B. Estrella, Sr. Memorial Stadium, Rosales
Urdaneta City Sports and Cultural Complex
Urdaneta Coliseum
Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Sports Complex

Places of interest

Religious

Nuestra Señora de Manaoag

The Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Manaoag is famous throughout the country for its supposed miraculous powers. Catholic devotees frequent the Basilica, especially on the feast days on the First Sunday of October and the Third Wednesday after Easter Sunday.

Epiphany of the Lord Parish in Lingayen
Salasa Church in Bugallon
Sanctuario de Senor Divino Tesoro, Calasiao
St. John Cathedral Garden, Dagupan City
Sts. Peter and Paul Parish, Calasiao, Pangasinan
St. James The Great Parish, Bolinao
Parish of Our lady of the Purification, Binmaley, Pangasinan

Natural attractions

Hundred Islands National Park

Sunny white beach at Rock Garden Resort, Bolinao, Pangasinan

The "Treasurers of Bolinao"

The "Treasurers of Bolinao", Pangasinan

Angel Cave, Brgy. Centro Toma, Bani
Antong Falls in Sison
Beach Walk in Lingayen
Binmaley Blue-Gray Beach
Binmaley Blue-Green, Museum Park (including Triangle "Estasyon" Park)
Bolinao Caves (Wonderful Cave, Cindy's Cave, Enchanted Cave)
Bonuan Blue Beach in Dagupan City
Cabongaoan Beach in Burgos
Cacupangan Cave in Mabini
Cape Bolinao Lighthouse in Bolinao
Cocos Beach Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
Garden Paradise Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
Gold Land Resort, Cayambanan, Urdaneta City
Hundred Islands National Park and Marine Sanctuary in Alaminos City
Ilog-Malino Beach Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
Ilog-Malino River, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
Lisland Rainforest Resort, San Vicente, Urdaneta City
Manleluag Spring Protected Landscape in Mangatarem
Mount Balungao in Balungao
Pantal River Boat ride in Dagupan City
Puerto Del Sol Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
Punta Riviera Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
Rock Garden Resort in Bolinao
San Juan River in San Carlos City
Suasalito Viewdeck in Sual
Tambobong White Beach in Dasol
Tondol Beach in Anda
Umbrella Rocks of Agno
Villa Carolina Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
White Beach of San Fabian

Educational

Bolinao Museum in Bolinao
Lingayen Gulf War Museum in Lingayen
Oceanographic Marine Laboratory in Alaminos City

Festivities

Bagoong Festival, Lingayen
Bangus Festival in Dagupan City
Corn Festival, Sto. Tomas
Dumayo Festival, Urdaneta City
Festival of the North all over Pangasinan
Galicayo Festival, Manaoag
Goat Festival, Balungao
Longganisa Festival in Alaminos City
Malangsi Fishtival, Bayambang
Mango-Bamboo Festival, San Carlos City
Mangunguna Festival, Bolinao
Pakwan Festival, Bani
Pandan Festival, Mapandan
Patupat Festival in Pozorrubio
Pindang Festival (Beef Festival), Mangaldan
Pistay Dayat (Feast of the Sea) all over Pangasinan
Puto Festival, Calasiao
Sigay Festival, Binmaley
Talong Festival, Villasis
Kankanen Festival, Asingan

Siblings Margaret F. Celeste, Cong. Jesus 'Boying' F. Celeste (Representative, Pangasinan, 1st District, House of Representatives, Quezon City), former Cong. Arthur F. Celeste, Pangasinan, 1st, Lakas-Kampi-CMD, 14th Congress of the Philippines), and Mayor Alfronso F. Celeste.

Structures

Narciso Ramos Sports and Civic Center in Lingayen
Plaza Pergola in Pozorrubio
Provincial Capitol, Lingayen
Red Arrow Marker of the WWII 32nd US Infantry Division in San Nicolas
San Carlos City Plaza
Urduja House in Lingayen

Government

The current governor of Pangasinan is Amado Espino, Jr. and the current vice governor is Jose Ferdinand Calimlim, Jr. Among those who served as Governor of Pangasinan include Tito Primicias, Vicente Millora and Daniel Maramba.

District Representatives (2013-2016)

1st District: Jesus D. Celeste
2nd District: Leopoldo N. Bataoil
3rd District: Rosemarie P. Arenas
4th District: Georgina "Manay Gina" P. De Venecia
5th District: Carmen "Kimi" S. Cojuangco
6th District: Marlyn L. Primicias- Agabas

Provincial Board Members (2013-2016)

1st District: Napoleon C. Fontelera Jr. and Anthony D. Sison
2nd District: Raul P. Sison and Nestor D. Reyes
3rd District: Generoso R. Tulagan, Jr. and Angel M. Baniqued, Jr.
4th District: Liberato Z. Villegas and Mojamito R. LIbunao, Jr.
5th District: Clemente Nino B. Arboleda, Jr. and Danilo C. Uy
6th District: Alfonso C. Bince, Jr. and Ranjit R. Shahani
Liga ng mga Barangay Provincial President: Amado "Pogi" I. Espino, III
PCL Pangasinan President: Shiela Perez

Media

There are at least 20 local newspapers and magazines published in Pangasinan. At least seventeen local newspapers and magazines are published weekly.

Balon Silew (Pangasinan)
Ilocano Observer (English and Ilocano)
Luzon Examiner (English)
Luzon Island Bulletin (English)
Luzon Standard Country Mail (English)
Media Eye Tiempo (English)
Northern Courier (English)
Northern Journal (English)
Northern Times (English)
PangalaTALK.com (English & Pangasinan)
Pangasinan News (English)
Pangasinan Post (English)
Pangasinan Star Online (English and Pangasinan)
Pangasinan Today (English)
Pangasinan Sentinel (English) (Mangaldan Publication)
People’s Digests (English)
Sun Star – Pangasinan (English)
Sunday Punch (English)
The Midweek Punch (English)
The Regional Examiner (English)
NORTHERN WATCH (English and Filipino)
The Weekly Forum (English)
The Weekly Guardian (English)

Other publications that circulate in Pangasinan include:

Classyfied Mag
News Time
Northwest Luzon Times
Pangasinan Pinoy Journal
The Pangasinan Post
Weekly Luzon Times

The only magazine published monthly is the Traveler Magazine.

Television and radio

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ABS-CBN: Channel 2, Channel 32
GMA Network: Channel 10
ABS-CBN Sports and Action: Channel 36
GMA News TV: Channel 38
TV5: Channel 28
CNN Philippines: Channel 13

Template:Multicol Per WP:PSEUDOHEADING fake headings should not be used in articles.

DWIZ - 89.3 DWIZ News Radio FM (formerly DWQT - 89dot3 Home Radio Dagupan)
DWYS - 104.1 YES FM! Urdaneta City
DWAI - 92.1 I FM Urdaneta City
DWKT - 90.3 Energy FM
DWTL - 93.5 Campus Radio
DWEC - 94.3 MOR For Life!
DWID - 98.3 Love Radio
DWTJ - 99.3 Spirit FM (from Alaminos City)
DWHY - 100.7 Star FM
DWON - 104.7 iFM Siguradong Enjoy Ka!
DWHR - 106.3 Hot FM
DWHT - 107.9 RMN Dagupan (operational)

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