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Ion Lapedatu

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Ion I. Lapedatu
Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy
MinisterFinance, 1926-1927
GovernorRomanian National Bank, 1944-1945
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Diedthumb
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Ion I. Lapedatu (b. September 14, 1876, Cernatul Săcelelor, Austria-Hungary - d. March 24,  1951, Bucharest, Romania) was finance minister of Romania (1926-1927),[1] Governor of the National Bank of Romania (1944-1945),[2] and honorary member of the Romanian Academy (since 1936).[3] He was the twin brother of Alexandru I. Lapedatu, historian, politician and President of the Romanian Academy.[4]

Family

Ion I. Lapedatu was the son of Ioan Alexandru Lapedatu, Ph.D. of the University of Brussels, professor for classical languages at the Higher Greek-Orthodox Romanian College in Brasov (today, National College “Andrei Şaguna”),[5] Romanian poet, writer and journalist.[6] He had a twin brother, Alexandru I. Lapedatu.

The twins became orphans when they were one and a half year old.[7]

Ion I. Lapedatu married Veturia Papp in March 1907; she was the daughter of the orthodox proto-pope from Beiuș. They had two children, a son (Ion) and a daughter (Veturia).[8]

Education

Ion I. Lapedatu attended the primary school between 1883-1888, first in the village in which he was born, then in Brașov [9].

He started high school in Iași, where his mother re-married after the death of his father. Two years later, he returns to Brașov, is admitted in the Higher Greek-Orthodox Romanian College, then continues his studies in the Real School followed by the Higher Commercial School in Brașov, obtaining his bachelor degree “with distinction” in June 1888.

Same year, he obtains a scholarship from the “Gojdu Foundation” and is admitted to the Oriental Commercial Academy and the Law and Political Sciences School of the Budapest University[10]; he attends in parallel the Seminar for Higher Commercial School Professors. In 1900 – 1901 he is drafted and must interrupt his studies. After his military service he returns to Budapest, passes the fundamental examination in 1902, and obtains in 1904 the Diploma of professor for higher commercial schools.

Professional occupations

At the end of his studies at the Budapest University, Ion I. Lapedatu turns down a professor position in Buda preferring to return to Transylvania, where he accepts the position of secretary at the “Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian People” (in Romanian, Asociația Transilvană pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român - ASTRA) in Sibiu (1904 - 1905), then he becomes secretary at the “Ardeleana” bank in Orăștie. In 1906, after going through successive internships at banks in Sibiu, Cluj, Budapesta and Viena, he was elected director of the Ardeleana bank.

1911 Ion I. Lapedatu becomes director of the newly established “General Assurance Bank” (Banca Generală de Asigurare) in Sibiu, and 1914 - 1916 is a member of the Council of the “Albina” bank in Sibiu.

After the refuge in the last years of the World War I (1916 -1917) and after the time he spent in politics, in January 1922 he is appointed Professor at the Chair for Public and Private Finances of the Academy for High Commercial Studies and Industry in Cluj, where he is active till 1938.

1925 he was elected in the Administration Council of the „SONAMETAN” Society established to exploit the methane gas discovered in Transylvania.

From 1928 to 1944 he was director, then Vice-Governor and finally Governor of the Romanian National Bank (Banca Națională a României, BNR).

Political Activity

Ion I. Lapedatu showed his political talent already as a student: 1902, he was elected President of the Academic Society „Petru Maior”, the society of the Romanian students in Budapest sustaining the Romanian language and culture through conferences, celebrations, debates, evocations of personalities, publications like the review “The Rose with Thurns” printed between 1876-1894, the “Society Almanac” issued in 1885 and 1901; it also entertained a choir and a library.

Ion I. Lapedatu participated in the National Assembly in Alba Iulia that decided on December 1, 1918, that Transylvania shall become part of Romania, receiving on this occasion his first political appointment as general secretary of the finance department in the Director Council of Transylvania, Banat and the Romanian Counties in Hungary (Consiliul Dirigent al Transilvaniei, Banatului și ţinuturilor românești din Ungaria).

Between 1909 and 1920 was repeatedly elected in the synod of the Sibiu archdiocese.

Between 1919 and 1931 he was elected twice as a member of the Romanian Parliament, and twice as a member of the Romanian Senate.

1926-1927 he was Romanian Finance Minister in the Government of the Marshal Alexandru Averescu.

1944-1945 he was appointed Governor of the Romanian National Bank.

Development of loan and assurance institutions in Transylvania

Ion I. Lapedatu played the central role in the institutionalisation of the “Conference of the Directors of the Romanian Loan Institutions” (Conferința directorilor institutelor românești de credit) initiated by Dr. Cornel Diaconovici in 1988, a model that has then been adopted by the Saxon institutions in 1903 and by the Austrian and Czech ones in 1905. He was elected secretary of the “Romanian Banks Delegation” (Delegațiunea băncilor române)[11] that assured continuity in activities in between conferences, and in this position he drove the development of the initiative from a consultative to an executive role.[12] He elaborated the Statutes of the future “Solidaritatea” Association in compliance with the Hungarian financial law in power at that time, enrolled the support required for having it registered and approved in 1907, and became its secretary. Under his influence, “Solidaritatea” functioned like a de facto “economic council” of the Romanian population in Transylvania, imposing advanced management concepts to the Romanian loan institutions, but also providing financial support to the Romanian schools, churches, cultural initiatives in general, to the Romanian National Party, facilitating stronger relationships with the Romanian Kingdom. In particular, it was successful in imposing mandatory external controls through experts approved by “Solidaritatea”; this made redundant the control through Government experts, avoiding thereby potential tensions between the policy of consolidation of a centralized Hungarian national State and the aspirations for self-determination of the ethnic minorities[12]: 473 [13].

Ion I. Lapedatu is credited to be the founder of the assurance system for the Romanians in Transylvania. He authored the “Theory of the life assurance” published in 1902 in the “Economic Review” (Revista Economică) in Brașov, the first work on this topic in the area. In his quality as secretary of “Solidaritatea”, he embraced the idea of a Romanian assurance bank launched at the Conference of the Directors of the Romanian Loan Institutions; elaborated the feasibility study[14]; advocated the initiative both with potential participants and with the authorities; published “clarifications” in the “Economic Review”, motivating it by the fact that the institutions already existent in Transylvania and in particular in Sibiu, both those founded locally by the Saxons or the Hungarians and those established as branches of assurance companies from Austria, Germany, Italy or France, were hardly accessible to the Romanian population. Ion I. Lapedatu prepared the foundation documents, run the subscription campaign and obtained all necessary approvals for launching of the “General Assurance Bank” in 1911. He was appointed general director. This became one of the most important assurance institutions in the united Romania, changing its name first in “Romania”, then in “Prima Ardeleană”.

International missions

Ion I. Lapedatu has been appointed president of the “Liquidation Commission in Budapest” (Comisiunii de Lichidare la Budapesta) in March 1920. He was entitled to select the Commission members according to the needed competencies in order to close open public and private issues between Hungary and Romania, as well as between citizens of these countries, arising from the integration of Transylvania into Romania. In March 1921, the commission was transformed into the “Romanian Financial and Economic Mission to Budapest” (Misiunea Financiară și Economică la Budapesta) that closed its work in May 1922. The issues addressed in Budapest have been then solved at the “Bucharest Romanian-Hungarian Conference” (Conferința româno­ungară de la București) in 1923-1924.

Upon a request from the Ministry of External Affairs, he interrupted for a few weeks his mission to Budapest in order to join the Romanian delegation in the “Paris Reparation Commission” addressing the repartition of the Austrian-Hungarian public debt. 

1922 he was a member of the Romanian delegation in the “Conference of the Successor States of the Former Habsburg Monarchy” (Conferința Statelor succesorale ale fostei monarhii habsburgice) in Rome, missioned to solve together with the Austrian and Hungarian representatives different issues arising from the peace treaties. 1925 he also participated in the second “Conference of the Successor States” (Conferință a statelor succesorale) that took place in Prague.

In the summer of 1928 he participated in the commission that addressed in Berlin the contentious issues with Germany.

1930 Ion I. Lapedatu has been elected as President of the Romanian delegation to address the question of the Gojdu Foundation, following the agreement signed between the Ministries of External Affairs of Romania and Hungary by which the two countries committed to solve the issue. He succeeded to reach an amiable conclusion in 1936; it was ratified by the Romanian Parliament, but unfortunately not by Hungarian Parliament.

In November 1936 he participated as the representative of the Romanian National Bank in the third “Conference of the Emission Banks of the Small Entente” (Conferință a Băncilor de Emisiune din Mica Înțelegere) in Prague. Same year and in the same quality he participated in the first “Conference of the Emission Banks of the Balkan Entente” (Conferință a Băncilor de Emisiune ale statelor din „Antanta Balcanică”) in Athens.

Publishing, Cultural and Social Activities

Ion I. Lapedatu had an intensive publishing activity in his specialty. He started his long lasting collaboration with the “Economic Review” (Revista Economică) in 1902 as he was a student in Budapest, and became its director in 1906. Ion I. Lapedatu published 18 books; 2 monographies; 298 studies, notes, general economic analyses and reports; 20 papers; 13 speeches on economic, social and political subjects[15]

He also published on general interest subjects, contributing already in his college years to “Transylvania Journal” (Gazeta Transilvaniei) and “Romanian Telegraph” (Telegraful Român) in Sibiu. As a student he was among the founders of the “Morning Star” (Luceafărul) review in Budapest in 1902, was a member of the redaction committee since inception together with Octavian Goga, Ioan Lupaș, Octavian C. Tăslăuanu etc., continuing in this capacity in the years 1906 – 1920 when the publishing took place bi-monthly in Sibiu.

Ion I. Lapedatu has been elected Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy on May 25, 1936; the membership has been withdrawn in August 1948 and reinstated in July 1990.

Ion I. Lapedatu had a passion for hiking. He was for more than 20 years an active member of the „Siebenbürgischer Karpathen Verein”, the hiking association of the Saxons in Brașov; he was also a member in the „Turing Clubul of Romania”, in „Admir”, in the Hungarian „Brașov Touring Association” and in the „Enczian” society of the young Hungarian hand workers in Brașov. Ion I. Lapedatu was for a long time the President of the Cultural and Sportive Association of the Romanian National Bank Employees; he described his ideas and his experience in the inaugural speech delivered at the opening of the National Bank Chalet at Diham in 1945.

Charities

In all his functions. Ion I. Lapedatu provided significant financial means to support artists; educational institutions like the Administration of the Central Romanian Orthodox Schools (Eforia Școalelor Centrale Ortodoxe Române)[16] in Brașov; the construction of monuments like the Unknown soldier monument in Săcele or the orthodox cathedral in Orăștie; and the restauration of the patrimony items including the Curtea de Argeș monastery and the Golești architectural complex.

Ion I. Lapedatu was elected together with Valeriu Braniște, Ioan Lupaș, Octavian Goga and Ioan Agârbiceanu in the administration council of the Foundation for the support of Romanian journalists established by Dr. Ioan Mihu in 1911. He assumed the task to collect funds, and complemented contributions from significant donors with a “greetings fond” in which small contribution could be made instead of sending cards or gifts: the Foundation published the donation to inform the addressees of the greetings. 1918, as Ion I. Lapedatu had to stop his activity dedicating his time and energy to the integration of Transylvania in the united Romania, the Foundation and its patrimony have been transferred to the “Union of Transylvanian Journalists” (Sindicatului Ziariștilor Ardeleni).

On September 14, 1939, Ion Al. Lapedatu registered the “Establishment Veturia I. Lapedatu” (Așezământul Veturia I. Lapedatu), charitable institution for retired intellectuals with limited financial means and for deserving students. It was established at his initiative and essentially with his financial contributions, but also with contributions from former beneficiaries of the “Students’ Table” (Masa Studenților) in Sibiu that was funded by the Albina bank and has been directed for several years by Veturia I. Lapedatu[17]. The Establishment was later transferred to the Orthodox Church; its patrimony has been nationalized and its financial means lost their value following the monetary stabilization.

Distinctions

  • Comandor of the “Order of the Crown” (Coroana României), 1921
  • Cordon of the “Order of the Crown”, 1927
  • Big Cross of the “White Lion”, Czechoslovakian Government, 1936

End of life

In 1945 Ion I. Lapedatu was dismissed from the Romanian National Bank, his pensions as bank Governor and University professor were cut with the justification that he had revenues from his properties. Between 1945 and 1948 all his properties were nationalized. Without any means, he lived with his daughter’s family.

After a bus accident from 1947, he was immobilized in bed; for this reason he was not arrested in 1949 in the group of “dignitaries”, including his brother, although he was under investigation by the General Direction of State Security (Direcția Generala a Securității Statului)[18]. He passed away on March 24, 1951 in Bucharest, after long suffering. He is buried in the "Groaveri" cemetery in Brașov.

Notes

  1. ^ Publice, Ministerul Finantelor. "Romanian Finance Ministers". www.mfinante.gov.ro. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  2. ^ "Banca Naţională a României - Guvernatorii BNR". www.bnr.ro. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  3. ^ "Romanian Academy - Honorary Members".
  4. ^ "Academia Romana (membri)". www.acad.ro. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  5. ^ Braharu, D., 1936, page VIII-IX.
  6. ^ Lapedatu, Ioan A. / Vatamaniuc, D., Editura Dacia, 1976.
  7. ^ Lapedatu, Ion I. / Opriș Ioan (1998). Memoirs and Memories. Institutul European. p. 44.
  8. ^ Memoirs and Memories. p. 238.
  9. ^ Lapedatu, Ion I. (1998). Memorii si amintiri. Editing, preface and notes by Ioan Opris. European Institute (Internet version edited by the „Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2015). pp. 26 ff. ISBN 973-586-073-2.
  10. ^ Dobrescu, Vasile (23–24 November 2002). "Un bursier al „Fundației Gojdu" – Ion I. Lapedatu – în sistemul de credit românesc" (PDF). Al XII-lea Simpozion al Cercetătorilor Români din Ungaria. Giula: p. 36. {{cite journal}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  11. ^ Dobrescu, Vasile (2002). Universitatea "1 Decembrie 1918" (ed.). "Ion I. Lapedatu și reforma sistemului de credit românesc din Imperiul Austro-Ungar la începutul secolului XX" [Ion I. Lapedatu and the Reform of the Romanian Credit System in the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the Beginning of the 20th Century] (PDF). Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Historica, 6/I (in Romanian). Alba Iulia: p. 170. ISSN 1453-9306. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link)
  12. ^ a b Dronca, Lucian (2003). Băncile românești din Transilvania în perioada dualismului austro-ungar. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană. ISBN 9736101967.: 483 
  13. ^ Dobrescu, Vasile (2006). Funcții și funcționalități în sistemul de credit românesc din Transilvania până la primul război mondial: studiu de caz (PDF). Târgu-Mureș: Editura Universității „Petru Maior”. p. 25. ISBN 978-973-7794-46-8.
  14. ^ Dobrescu, Vasile (2005). Boldea, Iulian; Iatcu, Tatiana (eds.). "Pregătirea intelectuală a funcționarilor instituțiilor de credit românești din Transilvania până la 1918" (PDF). Proceedings of the EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY Congress. Volume 1. Târgu-Mureș: p. 633. ISBN 973-7794-36-2. ISSN 1844-2048. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); |volume= has extra text (help)
  15. ^ Nagy, Cornelia; Ionescu, Toader (2015). Ion I. Lapedatu, un economist prezent la glasul vremii. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia (Internet version edited by the „Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2015). p. 25. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  16. ^ Lapedatu, Ion I (1998). Memorii și amintiri. Editing, preface and notes by Ioan Opriș. Iași: European Institute (Internet version edited by the „Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2015). p. 14. ISBN 973-586-073-2.
  17. ^ Lupas, Ioan (1933). O binefăcătoare a tinerimii studioase: Veturia I. Lapedatu. Sibiu: Press of the Institute of Graphic Arts „Dacia Traiana” (Internet version edited by the „Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2015).
  18. ^ Lapedatu, Ion I. (2006). Ultimele insemnari. Editing, preface and notes by Ioan Opris. Brasov: Brașov County History Museum (Internet version edited by the „Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2015). pp. 87–88.

References

  • ***, Members of the Romanian Academy since 1866 till now, http://www.acad.ro/bdar/armembriLit.php?vidT=L
  • ***, “Comemorarea lui Ion Al. Lapedatu şi sărbătorirea Dlor Alexandru şi Ion I. Lapedatu.”, Revista Economică Vol. 38, No. 48, November 28, 1936, page 315, http://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/periodice/revistaeconomica/1936/BCUCLUJ_FP_279771_1936_038_048.pdf
  • ***, National Bank of Romania, http://www.bnr.ro/Ion-Lapedatu-1205.aspx
  • Berényi, Maria: “Manifestări naţional-culturale româneşti de amploare în Budapesta secolului al XIX-lea / Major Romanian National/Cultural Events in XIX Century Budapest”, Proceedings of the XXth Simposion of the Romanian Researchers in Hungary, Giula, November 27–28, 2010, Editor: Institutul de Cercetări al Românilor din Ungaria, ISBN 978-963-86530-8-6, page 22, http://mariaberenyi.hu/Simpozion2011.pdf
  • Dobrescu, Vasile: “Un bursier al “Fundației Gojdu” – Ion I. Lapedatu – în sistemul de credit românesc / A Beneficiary of the ’Gojdu Foundation’ Scholarship in the Romanian Credit System”,  The XII Symposium of the Romanian Researchers in Hungary, Giula, November 23–24, 2002, Editor: Institutul de Cercetări al Românilor din Ungaria, ISBN 963-206-866-1, page 34, http://romanintezet.hu/files/Simpozion/Simpozion-2003_k.pdf
  • Dobrescu, Vasile: “Ion I. Lapedatu şi reforma sistemului de credit românesc din Imperiul  Austro-Ungar la începutul secolului XX / Ion I. Lapedatu and the Reform of the Romanian Credit System in the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the Beginning of the 20th Century”. In: Annales Universitatis Apulensis, Series Historica, 6/I, 2002, page169, Editor: Universitatea "1 Decembrie 1918", Alba Iulia, ISSN 1453-9306 http://diam.uab.ro/index.php?s=2&p=45
  • Dobrescu, Vasile: “Pregătirea intelectuală a funcționarilor instituțiilor de credit românești din Transilvania până la 1918 / The Intellectual Education of the Employees of the Romanian Credit Institutes in Transylvania till 1918”. In: The Proceedings of the “European Integration - between Tradition and Modernity” Congress, “Petru Maior” University Printing, Volume Number 1, 2005, ISSN 1844-2048 page 626. http://www.upm.ro/facultati_departamente/stiinte_litere/conferinte/situl_integrare_europeana/engllist.html
  • Dobrescu, Vasile: “Funcții și funcționalități în sistemul de credit românesc din Transilvania până la primul război mondial: studiu de caz / Functions and Functionalities in the Romanian Credit System in Transylvania before the First World War: a Case Study”, “Petru Maior” University Printing, Târgu-Mureș, 2006, ISBN (10) 973-7794-46-X; ISBN (13) 978-973-7794-46-8 336.71(498.4) http://www.bjmures.ro/bd/D/001/01/D00101.pdf
  • Dobrescu, Vasile: „Studenţi la Budapesta – profesori şi economişti la Academia de Înalte Studii Comerciale şi Industriale din Cluj / Students in Budapest – Professors and Economists at the High Academy for Commercial and Industrial Studies in Cluj”, Proceedings of the XXth Simposion of the Romanian Researchers in Hungary, Giula, November 27–28, 2010, Ed.: Institutul de Cercetări al Românilor din Ungaria, ISBN 978-963-86530-8-6, page 71  http://mariaberenyi.hu/Simpozion2011.pdf
  • Dronca, Lucian: “Băncile românești din Transilvania în perioada dualismului austro-ungar / Romanian Banks in Transylvania during the Austria-Hungary Dualism”, Cluj University Press, 2003, ISBN 9736101967 http://www.slideshare.net/LucianDronca/bancile-romanesti-din-transilvania-in-perioada-dualismului-austro-ungar-18671918
  • Fundatia Gojdu, “A Romanian Humanist, the Great Maecenas Emanuil Gojdu (1802-1870)” http://www.fundatiagojdu.ro/index_eng.html
  • Isărescu, Mugur: “Alocuţiune în deschiderea simpozionului ‘Banca Naţională a României în istoria modernă a României’ / Introductory speech at the Symposium ‘The National Bank of Romania in the Romanian Modern History’”, Bucharest, April 30, 2004, page 9,
  • Isărescu, Mugur (coord.), “Viaţa şi opera lui Mitiţă Constantinescu / Life and Work of Mitiţă Constantinescu”, National Bank of Romania, Restitutio, No. 4, 2004, ISSN 1582-7550,
  • Lapedatu, Alexandru; Opriş, Ioan (editor, prefaţă şi note): „Amintiri / Memories”, Editura Albastră, Cluj-Napoca, 1998,  ISBN: 973-9215-75-0. . Internet version edited by the “Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2016
  • Lapedatu, Ion I., Opriș Ioan (editor, preface and notes): „Memorii şi amintiri / Memoirs and Memories”, Institutul European, Iaşi, 1998, ISBN: 973-586-073-2. Internet version edited by the “Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2016
  • Lapedatu, Ion I., Opriș Ioan (editor, preface and notes): “Ultimele însemnări / Last Notes”, Brașov County History Museum, 2006, ISBN-10 973-8424-43-7, ISBN-13 078-973-8424-43-2. Internet version edited by the “Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2016
  • Lupaș, Ioan: “O binefăcătoare a tinerimii studioase: Veturia I. Lapedatu / A Benefactor of the Studying Youth: Veturia I. Lapedati”, Press of the Institute of Graphic Arts “Dacia Traiana”, Sibiu, 1933. Internet version edited by the “Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2016
  • Lupu, Gratian: „Die rumänisch-deutschen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen in der deutschen Presse Hermannstadts von 1920 bis 1929 / Romanian-German Relationship in the Press in Sibiu from 1920 till 1929”, XIV International Economic History Congress, Session 44, Helsinki 2006, http://www.helsinki.fi/iehc2006/papers2/GLupu.pdf
  • Nagy, Cornelia; Ionescu, Toader: “Ion I. Lapedatu, un economist prezent la glasul vremii / Ion I. Lapedatu: an Economist Responding to the Call of the Time”, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 2000, ISBN 973-35-1020-3. Internet version edited by the “Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2015
  • Opriş, Ioan: „Alexandru Lapedatu şi contemporanii săi / Alexandru Lapedatu and His Contemporary”, Editura Albastra, Cluj-Napoca 1997, ISBN 973-9215-46-7
  • Opris, Ion, “Fundaţia Lapedatu / Lapedatu Foundation”, Revista Economică, Vol 47, No 48-50, December 15,1945, page 173, http://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/periodice/revistaeconomica/1945/BCUCLUJ_FP_279771_1945_047_048_050.pdf
  • POP, Marin, “Marele Sfat National - Parlamentul provizoriu al Transilvaniei dupa Marea Unire de la 1 Decembrie 1918 / Great National Council – the Temporary Parliament of Transylvania after the Great Union from December 1, 1918”, Caiete Silvane, November 2008,
  • http://www.caietesilvane.ro/indexcs.php?cmd=editie&an=2008&luna=11
  • Popp, Constantin, “Ion I. Lapedatu cu prilejul aniversării şi sărbătoririi de la Braşov / Ion I. Lapedatu on the Occasion of His Anniversary and the Celebration in Braşov”, Revista Economică Vol. 38, No. 47, November 20, 1936, page 307, http://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/periodice/revistaeconomica/1936/BCUCLUJ_FP_279771_1936_038_047.pdf
  • Vatamaniuc, D.: Preface to Ioan A. Lapedatu: „Încercări în literatură” Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1976, page10. Internet version edited by the “Academia Civică” Foundation, www.memorialsighet.ro, 2015

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