Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1
Template:PBB Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) is a member of the TET family of enzymes that in humans is encoded by the TET1 gene.[1][2]
TET1 catalyzes the conversion of the modified DNA base 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC).[3] TET1 produces 5-hmC by oxidation of 5-mC in an iron and alpha-ketoglutarate dependent manner.[4] The conversion of 5-mC to 5-hmC has been proposed as the initial step of active DNA demethylation in mammals.[4] Additionally, downgrading TET1 has decreased levels of 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC) in both cell cultures and mice. [5]
TET1 appears to facilitate nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells to iPS cells.[6] [7]
Colon tumors have significantly reduced levels of TET1 compared to the healthy colon cells and normal epithelial colon cells with downgraded TET1 levels have greater levels of proliferation. Additionally, increasing TET1 expression levels in colon cancer cells decreased cell proliferation in both cell cultures and mice through demethylation of promoters of the WNT signaling pathway. [8] Breast and liver tumors have also shown significantly reduced TET1 levels compared to healthy cells. [9]
References
- ^ "Entrez Gene: Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1". Retrieved 2012-07-26.
- ^ Coulter JB, O'Driscoll CM, Bressler JP (2013). "Hydroquinone Increases 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Formation through Ten Eleven Translocation 1 (TET1) 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (40): 28792–28800. doi:10.1074/jbc.M113.491365. PMC 3789975. PMID 23940045.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Tahiliani M, Koh KP, Shen Y, Pastor WA, Bandukwala H, Brudno Y, Agarwal S, Iyer LM, Liu DR, Aravind L, Rao A (2009). "Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mammalian DNA by MLL Partner TET1". Science. 324 (5929): 930–935. doi:10.1126/science.1170116. PMC 2715015. PMID 19372391.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Ito S, Shen L, Dai Q, Wu SC, Collins LB, Swenberg JA, He C, Zhang Y (2011). "Tet Proteins Can Convert 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Formylcytosine and 5-Carboxylcytosine". Science. 333 (6047): 1300–1303. doi:10.1126/science.1210597. PMC 3495246. PMID 21778364.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Ito, Shinsuke; Shen, Li; Dai, Qing; Wu, Susan C.; Collins, Leonard B.; Swenberg, James A.; He, Chuan; Zhang, Yi (2011-09-02). "Tet proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine". Science (New York, N.Y.). 333 (6047): 1300–1303. doi:10.1126/science.1210597. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3495246. PMID 21778364.
- ^ Pera, Martin F (25 November 2013). "Epigenetics, vitamin supplements and cellular reprogramming". Nature Genetics. 45 (12): 1412–1413. doi:10.1038/ng.2834.
- ^ Gao, S., Chen, J. (2015). "The Combination of Tet1 with Oct4 Generates High-Quality Mouse-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells". STEM CELLS. 33: 686–698. doi:10.1002/stem.1879.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Neri, F.; Dettori, D.; Incarnato, D.; Krepelova, A.; Rapelli, S.; Maldotti, M.; Parlato, C.; Paliogiannis, P.; Oliviero, S. (2015-08-06). "TET1 is a tumour suppressor that inhibits colon cancer growth by derepressing inhibitors of the WNT pathway". Oncogene. 34 (32): 4168–4176. doi:10.1038/onc.2014.356. ISSN 0950-9232.
- ^ Yang, H; Liu, Y; Bai, F; Zhang, J-Y; Ma, S-H; Liu, J; Xu, Z-D; Zhu, H-G; Ling, Z-Q (2013-01-31). "Tumor development is associated with decrease of TET gene expression and 5-methylcytosine hydroxylation". Oncogene. 32 (5): 663–669. doi:10.1038/onc.2012.67. ISSN 0950-9232. PMC 3897214. PMID 22391558.
Further reading
- Abdel-Wahab O, Mullally A, Hedvat C, Garcia-Manero G, Patel J, Wadleigh M, Malinge S, Yao J, Kilpivaara O, Bhat R, Huberman K, Thomas S, Dolgalev I, Heguy A, Paietta E, Le Beau MM, Beran M, Tallman MS, Ebert BL, Kantarjian HM, Stone RM, Gilliland DG, Crispino JD, Levine RL (2009). "Genetic characterization of TET1, TET2, and TET3 alterations in myeloid malignancies". Blood. 114 (1): 144–147. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-03-210039. PMC 2710942. PMID 19420352.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Lorsbach RB, Moore J, Mathew S, Raimondi SC, Mukatira ST, Downing JR (2003). "TET1, a member of a novel protein family, is fused to MLL in acute myeloid leukemia containing the t(10;11)(q22;q23)". Leukemia. 17 (3): 637–641. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402834. PMID 12646957.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Morgan AR, Hamilton G, Turic D, Jehu L, Harold D, Abraham R, Hollingworth P, Moskvina V, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Lynch A, Lawlor B, Gill M, O'Donovan M, Powell J, Lovestone S, Williams J, Owen MJ (2008). "Association analysis of 528 intra-genic SNPs in a region of chromosome 10 linked to late onset Alzheimer's disease". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 147B (6): 727–731. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30670. PMID 18163421.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Ono R, Taki T, Taketani T, Taniwaki M, Kobayashi H, Hayashi Y (2002). "LCX, leukemia-associated protein with a CXXC domain, is fused to MLL in acute myeloid leukemia with trilineage dysplasia having t(10;11)(q22;q23)". Cancer Research. 62 (14): 4075–4080. PMID 12124344.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Xu W, Yang H, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang P, Kim SH, Ito S, Yang C, Wang P, Xiao MT, Liu LX, Jiang WQ, Liu J, Zhang JY, Wang B, Frye S, Zhang Y, Xu YH, Lei QY, Guan KL, Zhao SM, Xiong Y (2011). "Oncometabolite 2-Hydroxyglutarate is a Competitive Inhibitor of α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases". Cancer Cell. 19 (1): 17–30. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.014. PMC 3229304. PMID 21251613.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Guo JU, Su Y, Zhong C, Ming GL, Song H (2011). "Hydroxylation of 5-Methylcytosine by TET1 Promotes Active DNA Demethylation in the Adult Brain". Cell. 145 (3): 423–434. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.022. PMC 3088758. PMID 21496894.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Frauer C, Rottach A, Meilinger D, Bultmann S, Fellinger K, Hasenöder S, Wang M, Qin W, Söding J, Spada F, Leonhardt H (2011). "Different Binding Properties and Function of CXXC Zinc Finger Domains in Dnmt1 and Tet1". PLoS ONE. 6 (2): e16627. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016627. PMC 3032784. PMID 21311766.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Langemeijer SM, Aslanyan MG, Jansen JH (2009). "TET proteins in malignant hematopoiesis". Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.). 8 (24): 4044–4048. doi:10.4161/cc.8.24.10239. PMID 19923888.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Mohr F, Döhner K, Buske C, Rawat VP (2011). "TET genes: New players in DNA demethylation and important determinants for stemness". Experimental Hematology. 39 (3): 272–81. doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2010.12.004. PMID 21168469.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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