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Lisbon Airport

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Lisbon Portela Airport

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File:Ana topo logo lisboa.jpg
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerVinci Group
OperatorANA Aeroportos de Portugal
ServesLisbon, Portugal
LocationPortela de Sacavém
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL114 m / 374 ft
Websiteana.pt
Map
LPPT is located in Portugal
LPPT
LPPT
Location within Portugal
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
03/21 3,805 12,484 Asphalt
17/35 2,304 7,559 Asphalt
Statistics (2015)
Passengers20,110,805

Lisbon Portela Airport, also known as Lisbon Airport (IATA: LIS, ICAO: LPPT), is an international airport located in the city of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. In Portuguese, it is called Aeroporto de Lisboa, Aeroporto da Portela, or Aeroporto da Portela de Sacavém. It takes its name from the neighbouring parish (freguesia) of Portela in Loures Municipality, formerly known as Portela de Sacavém.

The airport is the main international gateway to Portugal and a major European hub. It is the 22nd largest airport in Europe in terms of passenger numbers.[2] The airport handled over 18 million passengers in 2014,[3] and 94,300 tonnes of cargo in 2014.[4] It has been nominated as Europe's Leading Airport for five consecutive years in the World Travel Awards.[5]

The airport is the main hub of TAP Portugal and its subsidiary TAP Express, a focus city for easyJet, Ryanair and Azores Airlines and also the base for charter airlines euroAtlantic Airways, Hi Fly and White Airways. The airport is run by ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal which has been concessioned to the French group Vinci Airports in February 2013.[6]

History

Developments

The airport opened on 15 October 1942 during the Second World War, and initially worked in articulation with the Cabo Ruivo Seaplane Base: seaplanes performed transatlantic flights, and passengers were transferred onto continental flights operating from the new airport.[7] As a neutral airport it was open to both German and British airlines, it was a hub for smuggling people into, out of and all around Europe, as widely referenced in the classic film Casablanca, whose plot revolved around an escape attempt to Lisbon airport. As such, it was heavily monitored by both Axis and Allied spies. Although Portugal was neutral, the airport was used by allied flights en route to Gibraltar, North Africa and Cairo.[8]

At the end of the war the airport developed quickly and by 1946 was used by major airlines like Air France, British European Airways, Iberia, KLM, Sabena, Pan Am and Trans World Airlines and by 1954 the number of passengers had reached 100,000.[8]

A 1951–52 airport diagram[9] shows four runways at 45-deg angles: 1350-m runway 5, 1024-m rwy 9, 1203-m rwy 14, and 1170-m rwy 18. Runways 5 and 36 were each being extended northward to become 1999 m.

A major upgrade in 1959–62 included a new runway capable of taking the first generation jets, Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8.[8] The first jet aircraft movement was an Air France Caravelle in 1960.[8] In 1962 runway 03/21 came into use, it was 3,130 m (10,270 ft) and would allow direct transatlantic flights.[8] The first direct flight to New York was operated by a TWA Boeing 707 who also operated the first Boeing 747 service in 1970.[8] When TAP ordered the 747, five large parking bays were built in 1972 and the terminal was enlarged.[8] A major upgrade to the buildings and facilities was started in 1983 and the first air bridges were added in 1991.[8]

Along with the airports in Beja, Porto, Faro, Flores, Santa Maria, Ponta Delgada and Horta, the airport's concessions to provide support to civil aviation was conceded to ANA Aeroportos de Portugal on 18 December 1998, under provisions of decree 404/98.[10] With this concession, ANA was also provided to the planning, development and construction of future infrastructures.[10]

Relocation plans

The airport is now surrounded by urban development, being one of the few airports in Europe located inside a major city. This led to a national debate on whether to keep the present location or to build a new airport; the last option was chosen. Initially, Ota, a village 50 km (31 mi) north of Lisbon, was chosen as one of the sites for the new airport. In 2007 an independent study coordinated by the Portuguese Industry Confederation (CIP) suggested Alcochete as an alternative location (see Alcochete Airport). In Alcochete a military training facility currently occupies the site, but the military agreed to abandon the location provided it could transfer its facility to a different area. A second government-contracted study led by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC)[11] concluded in late 2007 that Alcochete was the best location.

The selection of Alcochete was announced on 10 January 2008, more than 35 years after the first capacity increase studies were initiated. Portuguese government announced that Alcochete was the preliminary choice, to be finalised after public consultation.[12][13] The location of Alcochete as the construction site of the future Lisbon Airport was confirmed by the government on 8 May 2008,[14] but the contract was shelved as part of Portugal's cost-cutting measures, and completely dismissed from Portugal's transportation strategy plans in July 2013, with investment being concentrated on expanding and further improving the existing Lisbon Airport infrastructure.[15]

In November 2006, the company operating the airport, ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal, announced an expansion plan for some airport structures, in order to respond to current passenger traffic growth trends and full capacity use of the airport, which had been intended to respond to growth until the new airport was to be finished in 2017. This plan involved the construction of Terminal 2 (concluded and operational since August 2007) and expansion of Terminal 1, with new boarding gates (concluded in 2011), a large new shopping and restaurant area, new airbridges and new parking positions and a more efficient use of currently existing structures and a new underground Metro de Lisboa station, inaugurated in July 2012.

Terminal 2 is used by 4 scheduled low-cost flight airlines for departures to European, North Atlantic islands and North African destinations, while Terminal 1 handles all arrivals and regular scheduled and chartered flights. In October 2010, the European low cost airline easyJet officially opened a new base at Lisbon Airport, exclusively using Terminal 2 for departures to 20 destinations.[16] A free shuttle bus connects Terminal 1 Departures area and Terminal 2 every 10 minutes.[17]

Between 2007 and 2013 several improvements and expansions have been performed upon Lisbon Airport. These included the construction of Terminal 2 and lighting along with baggage claim refurbishment, new cargo facilities, fuel storage, north pier and boarding lounge, north bus gate and baggage claim, enlargement of express cargo facilities, electrical refurbishments, departure lounge refurbishments and underground station and other terminal improvements all of which have been completed.[18] As part of the definite solution for Lisbon Airport, in July 2013 a new commercial area was inaugurated in the Terminal 1 air side area, with 20 new stores and spacious naturally lighted internal circulation areas.[19] In July 2015, a much bigger food court was introduced catering for most people's tastes and delicacies.[20]

With the long-term concession of ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal to the French group Vinci Airports[6] the project for a new airport was postponed in July 2013, and it was decided that the existing Lisbon Airport would be further upgraded to surpass 22 million passengers annually[21] and would remain the present solution for this major European gateway.[22] Ryanair has predicted that it will double the amount of passengers it carries from the airport in the coming years[23]

Name change

Lisbon city council, in February 2015, unanimously agreed to propose that the name of Lisbon International Airport, currently known as Portela due to its geographical location, be changed to Humberto Delgado Airport. The proposal, tabled by the Socialist leadership under former Mayor António Costa, was agreed to by councillors from across party lines.[24][25]

The Portuguese government, under current Prime Minister António Costa, announced on February 2016, that the Lisbon Portela Airport, will be renamed on the 15th of May, 2016, after Humberto Delgado in memory of the late Portuguese air force general and famous politician. "He was an opposition figure to the dictatorship regime...and had a very important role in the field of civil aviation," Minister of Planning and Infrastructure Pedro Marques said at a press conference after the meeting of Council of Ministers, stressing that it was Humberto Delgado, who presided over the foundation of Portugal's flagship airline TAP and "so it is very fair this assignment name to the airport". 2016 marks the 110 anniversary of the birth of Humberto Delgado who was also known as "General without Fear" due to his staunch opposition to Salazar's rule. He ran for Portuguese president in 1958.[26]

Terminals

Main check-in area at Terminal 1

Lisbon Portela Airport features two passenger terminal buildings:[27]

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is the main building and features large landside and airside areas containing several shops and service facilities. It consists of two check-in halls, the older one containing 13 desks (1–13) with the newer one housing 68 desks (37–89 and 90–106). The joint departures area features 29 gates most of which are equipped with jet-bridges with 7 of them designated to non-Schengen destinations.[27] As the airport features several more apron stands, bus boarding is also frequently used here. Most airlines use Terminal 1, including TAP Portugal and its Star Alliance partners.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 is the much smaller and newer of the two, mainly used by low-cost carriers. It is located away from Terminal 1 on the southern border of the airport. It features 21 check-in desks (201–222) and 15 departure gates (201–215) using bus and walk boarding. There are only basic facilities and no shops or service counters in Terminal 2 as it can only be reached with a free shuttle service from Terminal 1.[27] The main users of Terminal 2 are easyJet and Ryanair.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsTerminal
Aegean Airlines Seasonal: Athens (begins 13 June 2016)[28] 1
Aer Lingus Dublin 1
Aigle Azur Paris-Orly 1
Air Algérie Algiers 1
Air Canada Rouge Seasonal: Toronto-Pearson 1
Air Europa Madrid
Seasonal charter: Menorca (begins 17 June 2016), Palma de Mallorca 		1
Air France Paris-Charles de Gaulle 1
Air Moldova Chişinău 1
Air Transat Toronto-Pearson
Seasonal: Montréal-Trudeau 		1
American Airlines Seasonal: Philadelphia 1
Arkia Israel Airlines Seasonal: Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion 1
Azul Brazilian Airlines Campinas (begins 23 June 2016)[29] 1
Binter Canarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 1
Blue Air Bucharest (begins 2 June 2016)[30] 2
British Airways London-Heathrow 1
Brussels Airlines Brussels 1
Bulgaria Air Seasonal: Sofia 1
Croatia Airlines
operated by Trade Air 		Zagreb (begins 20 May 2016)[31] 1
easyJet Amsterdam, Basel/Mulhouse, Berlin-Schönefeld, Bordeaux, Bristol, Edinburgh, Funchal, Geneva, Lille, Liverpool, London-Gatwick, London-Luton, Luxembourg, Lyon, Madrid, Milan-Malpensa, Nantes, Nice, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Ponta Delgada 2
easyJet Switzerland Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva 2
Emirates Dubai-International 1
euroAtlantic Airways Bissau 1
Eurowings Düsseldorf 1
Eurowings
operated by Germanwings 		Cologne/Bonn, Stuttgart 1
Everjets Funchal
Seasonal charter: Porto Santo 		1
Iberia Madrid 1
Iberia
operated by Air Nostrum 		Seasonal: Santander 1
Israir Seasonal: Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion[32] 1
KLM Amsterdam 1
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich 1
Luxair Seasonal: Luxembourg 1
Monarch Airlines Birmingham (begins 17 June 2016), London-Gatwick, Manchester 1
Norwegian Air Shuttle Seasonal: Copenhagen, Oslo-Gardermoen 2
Orbest Cancún, Punta Cana 1
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca 1
Ryanair Beauvais, Bergamo, Berlin-Schönefeld (begins 30 October 2016),[33] Bremen, Brussels, Dublin, Eindhoven, Hahn, Hamburg, London-Stansted, Manchester, Marseille, Pisa, Ponta Delgada, Porto, Rome-Ciampino, Warsaw-Modlin 2
SATA International Boston, Horta, Pico Island, Ponta Delgada, Santa Maria, Terceira, Toronto-Pearson
Seasonal: Oakland (begins 15 June 2016)[34]
Charter: Oujda 		1
STP Airways
operated by euroAtlantic Airways 		São Tomé 1
Sun D'Or
operated by El Al 		Seasonal: Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion 1
Swiss International Air Lines Geneva, Zürich 1
TAAG Angola Airlines Luanda 1
TACV Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Praia, Sal, São Vicente 1
TAP Portugal Accra, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Belém, Belo Horizonte, Berlin-Schönefeld, Boa Vista, Bologna, Boston (begins 11 June 2016),[35] Brasília, Brussels, Campinas (ends 31 May 2016),[36] Caracas, Copenhagen, Dakar, Düsseldorf, Faro, Fortaleza, Frankfurt, Funchal, Geneva, Hamburg, Helsinki, London-Gatwick, London-Heathrow, Luanda, Luxembourg, Madrid, Manchester, Maputo, Miami, Milan-Malpensa, Moscow-Domodedovo, Munich, Natal, Newark, New York–JFK (begins 1 July 2016),[37] Oslo-Gardermoen, Paris-Orly, Ponta Delgada, Porto, Porto Alegre, Porto Santo, Prague, Praia, Recife, Rio de Janeiro-Galeão, Rome-Fiumicino, Sal, Salvador da Bahia, São Paulo-Guarulhos, São Tomé, São Vicente, Stockholm-Arlanda, Terceira, Venice, Vienna, Warsaw-Chopin, Zürich
Seasonal charter: Agadir (begins 19 June 2016) 		1
TAP Portugal
operated by TAP Express 		A Coruña, Algiers, Barcelona, Bilbao, Bordeaux, Casablanca, Lyon, Madrid, Málaga, Marrakech, Marseille, Nantes, Nice, Oviedo, Porto, Seville, Tangier, Toulouse, Valencia, Vigo (begins 1 July 2016) 1
Transavia Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Munich (begins 31 May 2016) 2
Transavia France Lyon (begins 12 May 2016),[38] Nantes, Paris-Orly 2
Tunisair Tunis 1
Turkish Airlines Istanbul-Atatürk 1
United Airlines Newark
Seasonal: Washington-Dulles (begins 26 May 2016)[39] 		1
Ural Airlines Moscow-Domodedovo 1
Vueling Amsterdam, Barcelona, Brussels, Paris-Orly, Zürich (begins 12 June 2016)
Seasonal: Ibiza 		1
Wizz Air Bucharest (begins 22 May 2016),[40] Budapest, Warsaw-Chopin 2

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
DHL Aviation Leipzig/Halle, London-Heathrow, Vitoria
Med Airlines Maroc Casablanca, Tangier[41]
Swiftair Funchal, Madrid
UPS Airlines
operated by Star Air (Maersk) 		Cologne/Bonn, Porto
TNT Airways Liège

Destinations map

Statistics

Terminal 1
Control tower
Apron of Terminal 1
Busiest routes from Lisbon Airport (2013)[42]
Rank City-Airport Passengers %
Change
 Top carriers
Continental
1  Spain, Madrid 975,849 Decrease 12.2% Air Europa, easyJet, Iberia, Portugália, TAP Portugal
2  France, Paris-Orly 884,063 Increase 19.9% Aigle Azur, TAP Portugal, Transavia France, Vueling
3  United Kingdom, London-Heathrow 753,173 Increase 2.8% British Airways, TAP Portugal
4  Netherlands, Amsterdam 663,778 Increase 13.2% easyJet, KLM, TAP Portugal, Transavia
5  Germany, Frankfurt 558,519 Increase 1.1% Lufthansa, TAP Portugal
6  France, Paris-Charles de Gaulle 542,947 Decrease 0.4% Air France, Air Méditerranée, easyJet
7  Spain, Barcelona 514,813 Decrease 14.5% Portugália, TAP Portugal, Vueling
8   Switzerland, Geneva 468,017 Increase 10.7% easyJet Switzerland, TAP Portugal
9  Belgium, Brussels 398,930 Increase 0.8% Brussels Airlines, TAP Portugal
10   Switzerland, Zürich 389,647 Increase 18.6% Swiss International Air Lines, TAP Portugal
11  Germany, Munich 388,027 Increase 5.2% Lufthansa, TAP Portugal
12  Italy, Rome-Fiumicino 382,934 Decrease 3.6% easyJet, TAP Portugal
13  Italy, Milan-Malpensa 304,811 Increase 5.7% easyJet, TAP Portugal
14  Denmark, Copenhagen 199,974 Increase 32.0% easyJet, Norwegian Air Shuttle, TAP Portugal
15  United Kingdom, London-Gatwick 189,336 Increase 1.2% easyJet, TAP Portugal
16  France, Lyon-Satolas 173,384 Increase 7.5% Air Méditerranée, easyJet, Portugália
17  United Kingdom, London-Luton 154,820 Increase 1.0% easyJet
18  Italy, Venice-Marco Polo 135,704 Increase 17.0% easyJet, TAP Portugal
19  Germany, Hamburg 134,063 Increase 13.0% TAP Portugal
20  Germany, Berlin-Schönefeld 122,806 Increase 55.8% easyJet, TAP Portugal
Intercontinental
1  Angola, Luanda 386,387 Increase 4.3% TAAG Angola Airlines, TAP Portugal
2  Brazil, São Paulo-Guarulhos 275,419 Increase 1.7% TAP Portugal
3  Brazil, Rio de Janeiro-Galeão 258,690 Decrease 1.2% TAP Portugal
4  United States, Newark 238,663 Increase 0.9% TAP Portugal, United Airlines
5  United Arab Emirates, Dubai 176,016 Increase 144.9% Emirates
6  Brazil, Fortaleza 157,217 Increase 1.2% TAP Portugal
7  Brazil, Brasília 151,427 Increase 0.8% TAP Portugal
8  Brazil, Recife 148,121 Increase 0.6% TAP Portugal
9  Brazil, Salvador 146,186 Increase 1.0% TAP Portugal
10  Brazil, Belo Horizonte-Confins 131,455 Decrease 3.2% TAP Portugal
Domestic
1  Portugal, Funchal 787.992 Increase 4.4% easyJet, Portugália Airlines, TAP Portugal
2  Portugal, Porto 411,799 Increase 2.5% Portugália, TAP Portugal
3  Portugal, Ponta Delgada 294,297 Decrease 3.0% SATA International, TAP Portugal
4  Portugal, Faro 186,475 Decrease 4.9% Portugália, TAP Portugal
5  Portugal, Terceira 144,529 Decrease 7.4% Sata International, TAP Portugal

Ground transportation

Metro

Metro de Lisboa station at Lisbon Portela Airport

Lisbon airport has an underground Metro de Lisboa station at the Southern edge of the Terminal 1 arrivals area. The metro red line connects the city centre and the other three subway lines with the airport every 6 to 9 minutes, from 06:30 to 01:00; the metro takes 16 minutes to reach the city centre and 5 minutes to Gare do Oriente train and bus station.

Preceding station   Lisbon Metro   Following station
Template:Lisbon Metro linesTerminus

Bus

Carris city buses stop just outside Terminal 1 arrivals, with bus route 783 connecting to Marquis of Pombal Square, and Amoreiras and night route 208 (00:30-05:35) to downtown Baixa and Cais do Sodré train station and to Gare do Oriente train station. Two Aerobus routes prepared for travel luggage connect the airport with the downtown area and Cascais train line. Aerobus 1 to Cais do Sodré every 20 minutes between 07:00 and 23:20 on working days and every 25 minutes between 07:00 and 22:50 on weekends and holidays.[43] Aerobus 2 connects to the financial district between 07:30 and 23:00. A bus stop on Av. de Berlim, 100 m East of Terminal 1 is served by three Carris bus routes to various parts of the city: 705, 722 and 744.

Bicycle

Two bicycle paths connect the airport roundabout, situated 300m South of Terminal 1 to the city's 70 km cycle infrastructure network.[44] One path heads West along Av. do Brasil to the Universidade de Lisboa main campus, passing through the central neighbourhoods of Alvalade, Campo Grande and Entrecampos and connecting with other paths to Telheiras, Colegio Militar, Benfica, and Monsanto Forest Park. Another bicycle path heads East from the roundabout towards Olivais, Gare do Oriente train station and Parque das Nações Expo 98 site, connecting with the riverside bicycle path Southwards along Lisbon harbour to Santa Apolónia train station, cruise ship and ferry terminals, and the historic centre, and North to the Caminho do Tejo pilgrimage trail to Fátima and Santiago de Compostela.

Other facilities

TAP Portugal has a complex at Lisbon Airport.[45] The complex is 22.45 hectares (55.5 acres) large. In 1989 TAP became the owner of the complex due to a governmental decree.[46] TAP's head office is in Building 25.[47] The TAP subsidiary Serviços Portugueses de Handling, S.A. (SPdH) has its head office on the 6th floor of Building 25.[48] Sociedade de Gestão e Serviços, S.A. (TAPGER), another TAP subsidiary, has its head office on the 8th floor of the same building.[49] The TAP Museum is also a part of the complex.[45] Building 19 has the head office of Sociedade de Serviços e Engenharia Informática, S.A. (Megasis), a TAP information services subsidiary.[50][51] The TAP documentation and archive is in the annex of Building 19.[52] Building 34, on the far north side of the complex, houses the company's new data processing centre.[53]

ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal has its head office in Building 120.[54] Portugália has its head office in Building 70.[55] The TAP catering subsidiary, Catering de Portugal, S.A. (CATERINGPOR), has its head office in Building 59.[56] Cuidados Integrados de Saúde, S.A. (UCS) is based out of Building 35.[57]

Accidents and incidents

See also

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

  1. ^ AIP Part 3 – AD 2 Aerodromes
  2. ^ "Lisbon airport 22nd largest in Europe". portugalglobal.pt. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
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  4. ^ cite web|url=http://www.therouteshop.com/profiles/lisbon-airport/%7Ctitle=Sobre a ANA > Imprensa > Notícias > Aeroporto de Lisboa atinge os 15 milhões de passageiros em 2012|publisher=|accessdate=6 June 2015
  5. ^ Lisbon Airport — World Travel Awards. Worldtravelawards.com.
  6. ^ a b acquires ANA, concession company for Portuguese airports. VINCI Airports.
  7. ^ http://www.anmpn.pt/eventos/2010/Images/Aerop_Marit_Cabo_Ruivo.pdf History of the Airport from the Associação Náutica da Marina do Parque das Nações (in Portuguese)
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  9. ^ Aviation Week 28 January 1952 p68
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  12. ^ Alcochete airport announcement, in Portuguese Archived 2008-02-15 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Portugal's new Lisbon airport to be built in Alcochete for 4.9 bln eur – PM from Forbes online, 10 January 2008
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  15. ^ "O novo aeroporto de Lisboa é na Portela", diz secretário de Estado dos Transportes – PÚBLICO. Publico.pt (17 July 2013).
  16. ^ Voos da TAP, Sata e AeroVip voltam ao Terminal 1 do Aeroporto de Lisboa. Economico.sapo.pt.
  17. ^ Lisboa > Departures > Terminal 2 > Terminal 2. Ana.pt.
  18. ^ Aeroportos de Portugal Archived 2012-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Lisbon Airport opens new commercial area. VINCI Airports.
  20. ^ [1].http://www.airport-world.com/news/general-news/5113-lisbon-airport-opens-new-f-b-outlets-impressive-food-court.html(13 July 2015).
  21. ^ [2]. http://www.schedule-coordination.jp (14 April 2015).
  22. ^ Aeroporto de Lisboa com novo terminal e área comercial. Fugas.publico.pt (17 July 2013).
  23. ^ http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/ryanair-adds-portugal-routes-predicts-doubling-of-passenger-numbers-in-three-years/32771 (17 September 2014).
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  26. ^ "Portugal's Lisbon Airport to be renamed in memory of General Humberto Delgado". Xinhuanet. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  27. ^ a b c "Lisboa > The Airport > Inside the Airport > Departures > Departures". Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  28. ^ https://www.amadeus.net/home/forms/flights
  29. ^ http://observador.pt/2016/01/21/companhia-aerea-brasileira-azul-anuncia-rota-direta-lisboa/
  30. ^ Blue Air launches flights to Lisbon
  31. ^ "Croatia Airlines Outlines Planned Fokker 100 Operation in S16". airlineroute. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  32. ^ http://www.israirairlines.com/?mode=searchit&dealtype=SCHEDULE&airline=6H&setlanguage=&triptype=3&searchCity=LIS&searchCityFrom=TLV&date1=04%2F07%2F2016&date2=04%2F07%2F2016&adults=1&childs=0&infants=0&x=30&y=20&airline=6H
  33. ^ http://corporate.ryanair.com/news/nachrichten/160210-ryanair-verdoppelt-berlin-betrieb/?market=de
  34. ^ http://airlineroute.net/2016/03/21/s4-330update3/
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  40. ^ https://wizzair.com/en-GB/FlightSearch
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  44. ^ [3]
  45. ^ a b "The TAP Museum." TAP Portugal. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. Portuguese version
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  58. ^ Accident description Pan Am Boeing 314. Aviation Safety Network
  59. ^ Accident description Air France Douglas C-47. Aviation Safety Network
  60. ^ Accident description Portuguese Air Force Douglas C-47. Aviation Safety Network

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