Template:LGBT rights table Europe
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Tables:
European Union
- Main article: LGBT rights in the European Union
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB allowed to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
European Union | Legal in all 28 member states.[1] | / Legal in 22/28 member states. |
/ Legal in 12/28 member states. |
/ Joint adoption legal in 13/28 member states. Step-child adoption legal in 17/28 member states. |
/ Legal in 27/28 member states. |
/ Membership requires a state to ban anti-gay discrimination in employment only. | Legal in all 28 member states.[2] |
Central Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB allowed to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | Legal since 1971[3] + UN decl. sign. |
Registered partnership since 2010[4] | (Pending)[5] | Step-child adoption since 2013. Joint adoption since 2016.[6][7] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[8] |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Gender change is legal.[10] | |
Czech Republic | Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia) + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership since 2006[11] | / Step-child adoption since 2016; (Joint adoption pending) | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Legal recognition is granted and birth certificate is amended after reassignment surgery (with mandatory sterilisation).[10] | ||
Germany | Legal in East Germany since 1968 Legal in West Berlin and West Germany since 1969 + UN decl. sign.[3][12] |
Registered life partnership since 2001[13] | (Pending)[14] | / Step-child adoption since 2005; (Joint adoption pending) | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[15][16] | Gender change is legal.[17] | |
Hungary | Legal since 1962 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership since 2009[18] | (Pending)[19][20] Constitutionally banned since 2012.[21][22] |
LGBT individuals may adopt; (Joint and step-child adoption pending)[20] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Full legal recognition granted, birth certificate replaced. No surgery or hormone therapy is required for legal gender change.[10] | |
Liechtenstein | Legal since 1989 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership since 2011[23] | LGBT individuals may adopt.[24] | Has no military | (Proposed)[citation needed] | Gender change is not legal.[10] | |
Poland | Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.[3] |
[25] | Constitutionally banned since 1997.[26] | LGBT individuals may adopt, joint adoption forbidden.[27] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[9] | ||
Romania | Legal since 1996 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
(Constitutional ban proposed)[28] | LGBT individuals may adopt.[29] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Legal recognition and birth certificates amended after reassignment surgery.[10] | ||
Slovakia | Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia) + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Constitutionally banned since 2014[30] | LGBT individuals may adopt.[31] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[32][33] | (Requires sterilisation for change[10]) | ||
Slovenia | Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership since 2006[34] | / Step-child adoption since 2011[35] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Gender change is legal.[36] | ||
Switzerland | Legal nationwide since 1942 Legal in the cantons of Geneva, Ticino, Valais and Vaud (as part of France) since 1798 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership in Geneva (2001),[37] Zurich (2003),[38] Neuchâtel (2004)[39] and Fribourg (2004)[39] Nationwide since 2007[40] |
(Pending)[41] | LGBT individuals may adopt; (Step-child adoption adopted by Parliament on 17 June 2016 - pending (eventual referendum)).[42] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination. (Banning all anti-gay discrimination pending)[43] | Legal documents can be issued based on a person's new gender identity. Sterilisation is technically required but has not been enforced since 2012. Registered Partnership can become Marriage between the new opposite-sex couple.[44] |
Eastern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB allowed to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Armenia | Legal since 2003 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Constitutionally banned since 2015[45][46] | / No explicit ban. However, LGBT persons have been reportedly discharged because of their sexual orientation.[47] | ||||
Azerbaijan | Legal since 2000[3] | [48] | (Requires sterilisation for change[10]) | ||||
Belarus | Legal since 1994[3] | / Banned from military service during peacetime, but during wartime homosexuals are permitted to enlist as partially able.[49] | LGBT activism/expression deemed terrorism[50] | ||||
Georgia | Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
(Constitutional ban proposed)[51][52] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[53] | (Requires sterilisation for change[10]) | |||
Kazakhstan | Legal since 1998[3] | ||||||
Moldova | Legal since 1995 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Constitutionally banned since 1994[54] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination [9] | (Requires sterilisation for change[10]) | |||
Russia | Male legal since 1993 Female always legal[55][3] |
(Constitutional ban proposed)[56] | (Requires sterilisation for change[10]) | ||||
Ukraine | Legal since 1991 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Constitutionally banned since 1996[57] | LGBT individuals may adopt.[58] | / Policies depend on the regional commissioners.[59] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[60] | (Requires sterilisation for change[10]) |
Northern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB allowed to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Denmark | Legal since 1933 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership from 1989 to 2012 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[61] | Legal since 2012[62][63] | Step-child adoption since 1999. Joint adoption since 2010.[64] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[65] |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy.[66] | |
Estonia | Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Cohabitation agreement since 2016[67] | / Step-child adoption since 2016. Couples where both partners are infertile may also jointly adopt non-biological children since 2016. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.[10] | ||
Faroe Islands (Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark) |
Legal since 1933 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
From December 2016[68] | From December 2016 | From December 2016 | (Denmark responsible for defence) | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[69][70] | [71] |
Finland | Legal since 1971 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership since 2002[72] | From March 2017[73] | Step-child adoption since 2009. Joint adoption from March 2017. |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Legal change and recognition is possible only with sterilisation.[74] | |
Iceland | Legal since 1940 (As part of Denmark) + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered cohabitation since 2006[75]; Registered partnership from 1996 to 2010 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[76] |
Legal since 2010[77][78] | Legal since 2006[79] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[80] |
Has no military | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Documents can be amended to the recognised gender.[81][10] |
Latvia | Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Constitutionally banned since 2006[82] |
LGBT individuals may adopt.[83] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[9] | Documents are amended accordingly, no medical intervention required.[84] | ||
Lithuania | Legal since 1993 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
(Pending)[85] | Only married couples can adopt.[86] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Gender change is legal since 2003.[87] | ||
Norway | Legal since 1972 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership from 1993 to 2009 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[88] | Legal since 2009[89][90] | Legal since 2009[91] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[92] |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | All documents can be amended to the recognised gender.[10] | |
Sweden | Legal since 1944 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership from 1995 to 2009 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[93] | Legal since 2009[94] | Legal since 2003[95] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[96] |
[97] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | [98] |
Southern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB allowed to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.[3][99][100] |
UK responsible for defence | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[101] | ||||
Albania | Legal since 1995 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.[102]
Gender change is not legal.[10] | ||||
Andorra | Legal since 1990 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Stable union since 2005[103]; Civil union since 2014.[104] | Legal since 2014[105][104][106] | Has no military | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Gender change is not legal.[10] | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Legal since 1998 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska since 2000 and Brcko District since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Bans some anti-gay discrimination[9] | |||||
Bulgaria | Legal since 1968 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Constitutionally banned since 1991[107] | LGBT individuals may adopt.[108] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Forbids discrimination based on gender identity, but requires sterilisation for change[109][110] | ||
Croatia | Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Life partnership since 2014[111] | Constitutionally banned since the 2013 referendum.[112] | / Partner-guardianship since 2014 (parental responsibility and a permanent next-of-kins relationship between a life partner and their partner's child which is registered in the child's birth certificate) | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9][113] | Act on the elimination of discrimination bans all types discrimination based on both gender identity and gender expression. Gender change is regulated by special policy issued by Ministry of Health.[114] | |
Cyprus | Legal since 1998 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Civil cohabitation since 2015 [115] | (The only EU country to ban LGBT people in the military, not enforced)[116] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.[117] | ||
Gibraltar (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1993 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Civil partnership since 2014[118] | (Proposed)[119][120] | Legal since 2014 | UK responsible for defence | Bans some anti-gay discrimination (Banning all anti-gay discrimination pending)[121] | (Pending)[122] |
Greece | Legal since 1951 + UN decl. sign.[3] | Cohabitation agreement since 2015[123] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | (Requires sterilisation for change[10]) | |||
Italy | Legal since 1890 |
Civil union since 2016[124][125] | (Pending)[126][127][128] | / Stepchild adoption admitted by the Court of Cassation [129][130] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[9] | Since 1982 legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender.[131] The Court of Cassation decided in 2015 that sterilisation is not required.[132] | |
Macedonia | Legal since 1996 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
(Constitutional ban pending)[133] | |||||
Malta | Legal since 1973 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Civil union since 2014[134] | / Marriage performed abroad recognised since 2014[134][135] (Pending) | Legal since 2014 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Since 2015.[136] | |
Montenegro | Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Constitutionally banned since 2007[137][138] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Forbids discrimination based on gender identity, but requires sterilisation for change[10] | |||
Portugal | Legal since 1983 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
De facto union since 2001[139][140] | Legal since 2010[141] | Legal since 2016 (+automatic co-parent recognition)[142][143][144] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[9] | Since 2011. All documents can be amended to the recognised gender.[145] | |
San Marino | Legal since 1865 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
/ Unregistered cohabitation since 2012 (Only for one entitlement); civil unions proposed[146][147] | Stepchild adoption proposed[148] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | Gender change is not legal.[10] | ||
Serbia | Legal from 1858, when nominally a vassal of Ottoman Empire to 1860[149] and again since 1994 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Constitutionally banned since 2006[150] | LGBT individuals may adopt | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Gender change is legal since 2007.[151][152] | ||
Spain | Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
De facto union in Catalonia (1998),[153] Aragon (1999),[153] Navarre (2000),[153] Castile-La Mancha (2000),[153] Valencia (2001),[154] the Balearic Islands (2001),[155] Madrid (2001),[153] Asturias (2002),[156] Castile and León (2002),[157] Andalusia (2002),[153] the Canary Islands (2003),[153] Extremadura (2003),[153] Basque Country (2003),[153] Cantabria (2005),[158] Galicia (2008)[159] and La Rioja (2010)[160] | Legal since 2005[161] | Legal since 2005[162] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[163] |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[164] | |
Turkey | Legal since 1858[3] | (Proposed)[165] | (Proposed)[165] | (Requires sterilisation for change[166]) | |||
Vatican City | Legal since 1890 (As part of Italy)[3] | Has no military |
Western Europe
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB allowed to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belgium | Legal nationwide since 1795 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Legal cohabitation since 2000[167] | Legal since 2003[168][169][170] | Legal since 2006[171] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[172] |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | The 2007 law concerning transsexuality[173] grants the right to a legal name and gender change, but it requires hormone treatment for name change and sterilisation for gender change. | |
France | Legal nationwide since 1791 Legal in Savoy since 1792 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Civil solidarity pact since 1999[174] | Legal since 2013[175] | Legal since 2013[176] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] | (Requires sterilisation for change[177]) | |
Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1983 + UN decl. sign.[178][179][3] |
/ Civil Partnership performed in UK abroad recognised for succession purposes in inheritance and other matters respecting interests in property since 2012. Civil unions performed abroad recognised from 2017[180][181][182] | / Marriages performed abroad recognised from 2017[183][184] (Proposed)[182] | (Pending)[185] | UK responsible for defence | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[186] | 2004 anti-discrimination law. Legal gender change since 2007: Case law only. Only allows a new birth certificate to be issued. Does not amend or remove records of existing birth certificates, extension to Alderney and Sark unclear, does extend to Herm.[186][187] |
Ireland | Male legal since 1993 Female always legal + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Civil partnership since 2011 to 2015 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[188] | Legal since 2015[189] | Joint adoption since 2016. Stepchild adoption is not legal for any couples, but a birth parent and their partner may be eligible to be joint adopters of the child.[190][191][192][193] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[194] |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[195][196][197] | Gender Recognition Act 2015 [198] | |
Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Civil partnership since 2011[199] | (Awaiting Royal Assent)[200][201] | Legal since 2011 | UK responsible for defence | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[202] | Transsexual persons are allowed to change their legal gender and to have their new gender recognised as a result of the Gender Recognition Act 2009 (c.11).[203][204] |
Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1990 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Civil partnership since 2012[205] | (Proposed)[206] | Legal since 2012 | UK responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[207] | Gender Recognition (Jersey) Law 2010[208] |
Luxembourg | Legal since 1795 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered Partnership since 2004[209] | Legal since 2015[210][211] | Legal since 2015[212] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[213] | (Requires sterilisation for change[10]) | |
Monaco | Legal since 1793 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
(Pending)[214] | France responsible for defence | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[3] | |||
Netherlands | Legal since 1811 + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Registered partnership since 1998[215] | Legal since 2001[216] | Legal since 2001[217] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[218] |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[219] | [220] | |
United Kingdom | Male legal in England and Wales since 1967, in Scotland since 1981, and in Northern Ireland since 1982 Female always legal + UN decl. sign.[3] |
Civil partnership since 2005[221] | Legal in England, Wales and Scotland since 2014.[222][223] Illegal in Northern Ireland |
Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009 and Northern Ireland since 2013[224][225] (+automatic co-parent recognition)[226] |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[227][3] | Gender Recognition Act 2004. |
Partially recognised or unrecognised states
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB allowed to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abkhazia | Legal after 1991[citation needed] | ||||||
Luhansk People's Republic | [228] | ||||||
Kosovo | Legal from 1858, when part of the Ottoman Empire, again in 1994 (As part of Yugoslavia)[3] | [229] | LGBT individuals may adopt.[230][231] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[232] | [10] | ||
Nagorno-Karabakh | Legal since 2000[citation needed] | ||||||
Northern Cyprus | Legal since 2014[233][234][3] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[233][234] | Discrimination or hate speech banned since 2014.[233][234] | ||||
Donetsk People's Republic | [235] | ||||||
South Ossetia | Legal after 1991[citation needed] | ||||||
Transnistria | Legal since 2002[236] | (Proposed)[237] |
References
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Marriage, being a union of a man and a woman, as well as the family, motherhood and parenthood, shall be placed under the protection and care of the Republic of Poland.
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- ^ Template:Fi icon Ihmisoikeudet kuuluvat myös transsukupuolisille
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