Gibbon
For the historian, see Edward Gibbon.
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Gibbons are small apes that are traditionally grouped in the genus Hylobates, and they are further divided into four subgenera based on their diploid chromosome number: Hylobates (44), Bunopithecus (38), Nomascus (52), and Symphalangus (50). They make up the entirety of the family Hylobatidae.
The Gibbons are also called lesser apes, and differ from great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and humans) in being smaller, generally monogamous, in not making nests, and in certain anatomical details in which they more closely resemble monkeys than the great apes do. They occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests from northeast India to Indonesia and north to southern China. Gibbons are masters of their primary mode of locomotion, brachiation, allowing them to swing from branch to branch distances of up to 50 feet, at speeds as much as 35 mph. Strongly territorial, they defend their boundaries with vigorous visual and vocal displays. The vocal element, which can often be heard for long distances, consists of a duet between the mated pair, the young animals sometimes joining in. This eerie song can make them an easy find for poachers who engage in the illegal wildlife trade and sales of body parts for use in traditional medicine. Most species are threatened or endangered, and the most important reason is degradation or loss of their forest habitat.
The species include the Siamang, the Lar Gibbon or White-Handed Gibbon, and the Hoolock Gibbon. The Siamang, which is the largest, is distinguished by having two digits on each side stuck together, hence the subgenus and species names Synphalangus and syndactylus.
- Family Hylobatidae: gibbons
- Lar Gibbon or White-handed Gibbon, Hylobates (Hylobates) lar
- Hylobates (Hylobates) lar lar
- Hylobates (Hylobates) lar vestitus
- Hylobates (Hylobates) lar entelloides
- Hylobates (Hylobates) lar carpenteri
- Hylobates (Hylobates) lar yunnanensis
- Agile Gibbon, Hylobates (Hylobates) agilis
- Bornean White-bearded Gibbon, Hylobates (Hylobates) albibarbis
- Müller's Bornean Gibbon, Hylobates (Hylobates) muelleri
- Hylobates (Hylobates) muelleri muelleri
- Hylobates (Hylobates) muelleri funereus
- Hylobates (Hylobates) muelleri abbotti
- Silvery Gibbon, Hylobates (Hylobates) moloch
- Pileated Gibbon, Hylobates (Hylobates) pileatus
- Kloss Gibbon or Bilou, Hylobates (Hylobates) klossii
- Hoolock Gibbon, Hylobates (Bunopithecus) hoolock
- Hylobates (Bunopithecus) hoolock hoolock
- Hylobates (Bunopithecus) hoolock leuconedys
- Siamang, Hylobates (Symphalangus) syndactylus
- Concolor Gibbon or Black Crested Gibbon, Hylobates (Nomascus) concolor
- Hylobates (Nomascus) concolor concolor
- Hylobates (Nomascus) concolor nasutus
- Hylobates (Nomascus) concolor lu
- Hylobates (Nomascus) concolor jingdongensis
- Hylobates (Nomascus) concolor furvogaster
- Hainan Gibbon, Hylobates (Nomascus) hainanus
- Northern White-cheeked Gibbon, Hylobates (Nomascus) leucogenys
- Southern White-cheeked Gibbon, Hylobates (Nomascus) siki
- Red-cheeked Crested Gibbon, Hylobates (Nomascus) gabriellae
- Lar Gibbon or White-handed Gibbon, Hylobates (Hylobates) lar