4324 Bickel
| Discovery [1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | L. G. Taff |
| Discovery site | Lincoln Laboratory ETS |
| Discovery date | 24 December 1981 |
| Designations | |
| 4324 Bickel | |
Named after | Wolf Bickel (amateur astronomer)[2] |
| 1981 YA1 · 1932 UD 1932 WE · 1948 SD 1948 TK2 · 1964 PE 1966 DC · 1972 NF 1973 YR3 · 1985 XX A924 YC | |
| main-belt · (inner) [3] | |
| Orbital characteristics [1] | |
| Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 91.22 yr (33,317 days) |
| Aphelion | 3.0529 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.0370 AU |
| 2.5450 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.1996 |
| 4.06 yr (1,483 days) | |
| 223.33° | |
| 0° 14m 34.08s / day | |
| Inclination | 7.7768° |
| 292.79° | |
| 108.77° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 11.65±0.56 km[4] 12.39 km (calculated)[3] |
| 16 h[5] 26.5 h[6] 26.592±0.003 h[5] | |
| 0.20 (assumed)[3] 0.248±0.020[4] | |
| S [3] | |
| 11.80[4] 11.9[1][3] 12.37±0.29[7] | |
4324 Bickel, provisional designation 1981 YA1, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 December 1981, by American astronomer Laurence Taff at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site, Socorro, in the U.S. state of New Mexico.[2]
The S-type asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.0–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,483 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The first precovery was taken at Heidelberg Observatory in 1924, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 57 years prior to its discovery.[2]
In September 2001, the first ever conducted photometric observation of this asteroid at the Rozhen Observatory, Bulgaria, rendered a rotational light-curve with a longer-than-average period of 26.5 hours and a brightness variation of 0.63 in magnitude (U=2).[6] A more refined light-curve was obtained in October 2005, by astronomers Raymond Poncy, Laurent Bernasconi and Rui Goncalves, which gave a period of 26.592±0.003 hours with an amplitude of 0.72 in magnitude (U=3).[5]
According to observations by NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures 11.7 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.248,[4] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a slightly larger diameter of 12.4 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 11.9.[3]
The minor planet is named in honor of German amateur astronomer Wolf Bickel (b. 1942) who began observing minor planets at his private Bergisch Gladbach Observatory in 1995. At the time this minor planet was named, he had discovered more than 540 numbered minor planets.[2] Naming citation was published on 22 July 2013 (M.P.C. 84378).[8] Bickel has become Germany's most prolific discoverer of asteroids, ahead of (professional) astronomer Freimut Börngen, the first time in 150 years, that an amateur astronomer is ranking first among the German top discoverers.[9] His total number of discoveries has since increased to more than 600.[10]
References
- ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4324 Bickel (1981 YA1)" (2016-03-11 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved April 2016.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ a b c d "4324 Bickel (1981 YA1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved April 2016.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (4324) Bickel". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved May 2016.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ a b c d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved May 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ a b c Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (4324) Bickel". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved May 2016.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ a b Ivanova, V. G.; Apostolovska, G.; Borisov, G. B.; Bilkina, B. I. (November 2002). "Results from photometric studies of asteroids at Rozhen National Observatory, Bulgaria". In: Proceedings of Asteroids: 505–508. Bibcode:2002ESASP.500..505I. Retrieved May 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved May 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved May 2016.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ "Bickel überholt Börngen – die erfolgreichsten deutschen Kleinplanetenentdecker" [Bickel overtakes Börgen – Most prolific German discoverers of minor planets] (PDF). VdS-Journal – Vereinigung der Sternfreunde. April 2013. pp. 80–83. Retrieved April 2016.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 23 March 2016. Retrieved April 2016.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help)
External links
- VdS-Journal – Vereinigung der Sternfreunde
- Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
- Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
- Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
- 4324 Bickel at the JPL Small-Body Database