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Shimon Schuldiner

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  • Comment: Many of the references listed are self-published. Wikipedia relies on secondary sources, meaning articles or books about Schuldiner, not by Schuldiner. Is there anything else available? Bradv 14:16, 31 July 2016 (UTC)

Shimon Schuldiner (born August 10, 1946) is an Israeli biochemist who has made important contributions to the understanding of proteins that couple the movement of ions and other molecules across membranes. Schuldiner is Mathilda Marks-Kennedy Professor Emeritus at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem [1]. He received a B.Sc. in 1967 and an M.Sc. in 1968 from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and a Ph.D. from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot in 1973.

Biography

Schuldiner was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. In 1964 he emigrated to Israel and has been living there since. He earned his BSc. in 1967 and his MSc. in 1968 at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the latter working with Itzhak Ohad. in 1973, he received his PhD for work performed in the laboratory of Mordhay Avron (z"l) at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot. From 1973-1976 he did post-doctoral research in the laboratory of H. Ronald Kaback at the Roche Institute for Molecular Biology in Nutley, New Jersey. In 1976 he returned to Israel and joined the Department of Molecular Biology at Hadassah Medical School, and in 1990 he moved to the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, both at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Between 1999-2002 he served as Chairman of the Silberman Institute. Schuldiner is married to Monica Schuldiner, has two children and six grandchildren. He and his wife have been long time supporters of civil rights in Israel and of the advancement of peace.

Career

During his PhD studies, Schuldiner entered the nascent field of bioenergetics, applying the insights of Peter Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory to the synthesis of ATP by chloroplasts [1] [2]. Arriving in Kaback’s lab for his post-doctorate training, he contributed to converting that group to the understanding that transmembrane ion gradients were the driving forces for solute transport. There, he developed methods for measuring pH and the membrane potential in bacterial membrane vesicles, and used these methods to demonstrate that a proton motive force drove active transport of lactose in E. coli [3][4][5]. In his independent research at the Hebrew University, Schuldiner focused on structure-function relationships and the molecular mechanism of several transport proteins. Along with his colleague Etana Padan, he cloned and characterized the bacterial sodium/proton antiporters NhaA and NhaB, [6][7][8][9]. Collaborating initially with Baruch Kanner, Schuldiner studied Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT) from neurosecretory vesicles such as chromaffin granules [10], characterizing the mechanism of transport and the interaction of inhibitors [11][12][13] and leading to the purification and reconstitution of bovine VMAT [14] and the cloning of VMAT in collaboration with Robert Edwards [15]. The observation that VMAT could confer resistance to a neurotoxin [16][17] led Schuldiner to study other transporters that bestow resistance, most notably the small multidrug resistance transporter EmrE [18]. His group cloned, purified and reconstituted EmrE, and identified a glutamate residue in each subunit that is essential to function [19][20]. Their investigation of its subunit structure led them to propose a dimer of topologically parallel subunits [21]. This led to a long-running controversy over EmrE topology that eventually led to Schuldiner to demonstrate that both parallel and antiparallel dimers are functional [22]. The investigation of VMAT and EmrE led to an interest in the physiological role of multidrug transporters in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [23]. Although Schuldiner is now an emeritus professor, he continues to conduct research and to attract funding from local sources.

References

  1. ^ Schuldiner, S., Rottenberg, H., and Avron, M. (1972) Membrane potential as a driving force for ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 28, 173-176
  2. ^ Schuldiner, S., Rottenberg, H., and Avron, M. (1973) Stimulation of ATP Synthesis by a Membrane Potential in Chloroplasts. Eur. J. Biochem. 39, 455-462
  3. ^ Ramos, S., Schuldiner, S., and Kaback, H. R. (1976) The electrochemical gradient of protons and its relationship to active transport in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 1892-1896
  4. ^ Schuldiner, S., and Kaback, H. R. (1975) Membrane Potential and Active Transport in Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli. Biochem 14, 5451-5461
  5. ^ Schuldiner, S., Kerwar, G. K., Kaback, H. R., and Weil, R. (1975) Energy-dependent Binding of Dansylgalactosides to the b-galactoside Carrier Protein. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1361-1370
  6. ^ Padan, E., and Schuldiner, S. (1994) Molecular physiology of the Na+/H+ antiporter in Escherichia coli. J. Exp. Biol. 196, 443-456
  7. ^ othman, A., Padan, E., and Schuldiner, S. (1996) Topological Analysis of NhaA, a Na+/H+ antiporter from Escherichia coli. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 32288-32292
  8. ^ Schuldiner, S., and Fishkes, H. (1978) Sodium-Proton Antiport in Isolated Membrane Vesicles of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 17, 706-711
  9. ^ Taglicht, D., Padan, E., and Schuldiner, S. (1993) Proton-sodium stoichiometry of NhaA, an electrogenic antiporter from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 5382-5387
  10. ^ Schuldiner, S., Shirvan, A., Stern-Bach, Y., Steiner-Mordoch, S., Yelin, R., and Laskar, O. (1994) From bacterial antibiotic resistance to neurotransmitter uptake. A common theme of cell survival. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 733, 174-184
  11. ^ Rudnick, G., Steiner-Mordoch, S. S., Fishkes, H., Stern-Bach, Y., and Schuldiner, S. (1990) Energetics of Reserpine Binding and Occlusion by the Chromaffin Granule Biogenic Amine Transporter. Biochemistry 29, 603-608
  12. ^ Yaffe, D., Radestock, S., Shuster, Y., Forrest, L. R., and Schuldiner, S. (2013) Identification of Molecular Hinge Points Mediating Alternating Access in the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter VMAT2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, E1332-E1341
  13. ^ Yelin, R., and Schuldiner, S. (1995) The Pharmacological Profile of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Resembles that of Multidrug Transporters. FEBS Lett. 377, 201-207
  14. ^ Stern-Bach, Y., Greenberg-Ofrath, N., Flechner, I., and Schuldiner, S. (1990) Identification and Purification of a Functional Amine Transporter from Bovine Chromaffin Granules. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3961-3966
  15. ^ Liu, Y., Peter, D., Roghani, A., Schuldiner, S., Prive, G., Eisenberg, D., Brecha, N., and Edwards, R. (1992) A cDNA that supresses MPP+ toxicity encodes a vesicular amine transporter. Cell 70, 539-551
  16. ^ Yelin, R., and Schuldiner, S. (1995) The Pharmacological Profile of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Resembles that of Multidrug Transporters. FEBS Lett. 377, 201-207
  17. ^ Liu, Y., Peter, D., Roghani, A., Schuldiner, S., Prive, G., Eisenberg, D., Brecha, N., and Edwards, R. (1992) A cDNA that supresses MPP+ toxicity encodes a vesicular amine transporter. Cell 70, 539-551
  18. ^ Yerushalmi, H., Lebendiker, M., and Schuldiner, S. (1995) EmrE, an Escherichia coli 12-kDa multidrug transporter, exchanges toxic cations and H+ and is soluble in organic solvents. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6856-6863
  19. ^ Muth, T. R., and Schuldiner, S. (2000) A membrane-embedded glutamate is required for ligand binding to the multidrug transporter EmrE. EMBO J. 19, 234-240
  20. ^ Soskine, M., Adam, Y., and Schuldiner, S. (2004) Direct evidence for substrate-induced proton release in detergent-solubilized EmrE, a multidrug transporter. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 9951-9955
  21. ^ Steiner-Mordoch, S., Soskine, M., Solomon, D., Rotem, D., Gold, A., Yechieli, M., Adam, Y., and Schuldiner, S. (2008) Parallel topology of genetically fused EmrE homodimers. EMBO J. 27, 17-26
  22. ^ Nasie, I., Steiner-Mordoch, S., Gold, A., and Schuldiner, S. (2010) Topologically Random Insertion of Emre Supports a Pathway for Evolution of Inverted Repeats in Ion-Coupled Transporters. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 15234-15244
  23. ^ Shuster, Y., Steiner-Mordoch, S., Alon Cudkowicz, N., and Schuldiner, S. (2016) A Transporter Interactome Is Essential for the Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistance to Antibiotics. PLoS One 11, e0152917
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