Erythrose

Erythrose^[1]
	; D-Erythrose
	; L-Erythrose
Names
	IUPAC names (2R,3R)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanal (D); (2S,3S)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanal (L)
Identifiers
CAS Number	583-50-6 (D) ; 533-49-3 (L) ;
3D model (JSmol)	(D): Interactive image; (L): Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:27904 ;
ChemSpider	84990 (D) ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.643
PubChem CID	94176 (D);
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID601318240 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H8O4/c5-1-3(7)4(8)2-6/h1,3-4,6-8H,2H2/t3-,4+/m0/s1 Key: YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-IUYQGCFVSA-N ; InChI=1/C4H8O4/c5-1-3(7)4(8)2-6/h1,3-4,6-8H,2H2/t3-,4+/m0/s1 Key: YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-IUYQGCFVBI;
	SMILES (D): OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O; (L): OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H8O4
Molar mass	120.104 g·mol−1
Appearance	Light yellow syrup
Solubility in water	Very soluble
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 1 0
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Erythrose is a tetrose carbohydrate with the chemical formula C₄H₈O₄. It has one aldehyde group, and so is part of the aldose family. The natural isomer is D-erythrose.

Erythrose was first isolated in 1849 from rhubarb by the French pharmacist Louis Feux Joseph Garot (1798-1869),^[2] and was named as such because of its red hue in the presence of alkali metals (ἐρυθρός, "red").^[3]^[4]

Erythrose 4-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway^[5] and the Calvin cycle.^[6]

Oxidative bacteria can be made to use erythrose as its sole energy source.^[7]

Erythrose is anti-cancer agent without pathology damage to mice. ^[8]

Erythrose is an anti-cancer agent. In vitro, 3-4mM erythrose effectively kills cancer cells for tested cell lines such as: lung cancers, breast cancers, colorectal cancers, etc. ^[9]

References

^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 3637
^ Obituary of Garot (1869) Journal de pharmacie et de chimie, 4th series, 9 : 472-473.
^ Garot (1850) "De la matière colorante rouge des rhubarbes exotiques et indigènes et de son application (comme matière colorante) aux arts et à la pharmacie" (On the red coloring material of exotic and indigenous rhubarb and on its application (as a coloring material) in the arts and in pharmacy), Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 3rd series, 17 : 5-19. Erythrose is named on p. 10: "Celui que je propose, sans y attacher toutefois la moindre importance, est celui d'érythrose, du verbe grec 'ερυθραινω, rougir (1)." (The one [i.e., name] that I propose, without attaching any importance to it, is that of erythrose, from the Greek verb ερυθραινω, to redden (1).)
^ Wells, David Ames; Cross, Charles Robert; Bliss, George; Trowbridge, John; Nichols, William Ripley; Kneeland, Samuel (1851). Annual of Scientific Discovery. Boston: Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln. p. 211. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
^ Kruger, Nicholas J; von Schaewen, Antje (June 2003). "The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway: structure and organisation". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 6 (3): 236–246. doi:10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00039-6. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
^ Schwender, Jörg; Goffman, Fernando; Ohlrogge, John B.; Shachar-Hill, Yair (9 December 2004). "Rubisco without the Calvin cycle improves the carbon efficiency of developing green seeds". Nature. 432 (7018): 779–782. doi:10.1038/nature03145. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
^ Hiatt, Howard H; Horecker, B L (13 October 1955). "D-erythrose metabolism in a strain of Alcaligenes faecalis". Journal of Bacteriology. 71 (6): 649–654. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
^ Lili Liu, Tao Yi and Xia Zhao 2015. Antitumor effect of D-Erythrose in an abdominal metastatic model of colon carcinoma ONCOLOGY LETTERS 9: 769-773, 2015.
^ Wang X and Wei Y 2010 “Erythrose kill cancer cell in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo” American Association for Cancer Research 101st Conference.

[1] Merck Index, 11th Edition, 3637

[2] Obituary of Garot (1869) Journal de pharmacie et de chimie, 4th series, 9 : 472-473.

[3] Garot (1850) "De la matière colorante rouge des rhubarbes exotiques et indigènes et de son application (comme matière colorante) aux arts et à la pharmacie" (On the red coloring material of exotic and indigenous rhubarb and on its application (as a coloring material) in the arts and in pharmacy), Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 3rd series, 17 : 5-19. Erythrose is named on p. 10: "Celui que je propose, sans y attacher toutefois la moindre importance, est celui d'érythrose, du verbe grec 'ερυθραινω, rougir (1)." (The one [i.e., name] that I propose, without attaching any importance to it, is that of erythrose, from the Greek verb ερυθραινω, to redden (1).)

[4] Wells, David Ames; Cross, Charles Robert; Bliss, George; Trowbridge, John; Nichols, William Ripley; Kneeland, Samuel (1851). Annual of Scientific Discovery. Boston: Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln. p. 211. Retrieved 11 December 2014.

[5] Kruger, Nicholas J; von Schaewen, Antje (June 2003). "The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway: structure and organisation". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 6 (3): 236–246. doi:10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00039-6. Retrieved 11 December 2014.

[6] Schwender, Jörg; Goffman, Fernando; Ohlrogge, John B.; Shachar-Hill, Yair (9 December 2004). "Rubisco without the Calvin cycle improves the carbon efficiency of developing green seeds". Nature. 432 (7018): 779–782. doi:10.1038/nature03145. Retrieved 11 December 2014.

[7] Hiatt, Howard H; Horecker, B L (13 October 1955). "D-erythrose metabolism in a strain of Alcaligenes faecalis". Journal of Bacteriology. 71 (6): 649–654. Retrieved 11 December 2014.

[8] Lili Liu, Tao Yi and Xia Zhao 2015. Antitumor effect of D-Erythrose in an abdominal metastatic model of colon carcinoma ONCOLOGY LETTERS 9: 769-773, 2015.

[9] Wang X and Wei Y 2010 “Erythrose kill cancer cell in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo” American Association for Cancer Research 101st Conference.

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See also

References