Top Gun
| Top Gun | |
|---|---|
| File:Top Gun DVD cover.jpg DVD cover | |
| Directed by | Tony Scott |
| Written by | Ehud Yonay (article) Jim Cash (screenplay) Jack Epps Jr. (screenplay) |
| Produced by | Don Simpson Jerry Bruckheimer |
| Starring | Tom Cruise Kelly McGillis Val Kilmer Anthony Edwards |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
Release dates | May 16, 1986 |
Running time | 109 min. |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $15,000,000 (estimated) |
Top Gun is a 1986 American film directed by Tony Scott and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer in association with Paramount Pictures. The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps Jr., and was inspired by an article written by Ehud Yonay for California Magazine entitled "Top Guns." The film starred Tom Cruise, Kelly McGillis, Anthony Edwards, Val Kilmer, Tom Skerritt, Michael Ironside, Tim Robbins, and Meg Ryan.
The film follows LT Pete 'Maverick' Mitchell, a young naval aviator who aspires to be a top fighter pilot in a prestigious naval school which trains the top 1% of all Naval Aviators. Maverick gets his chance to attend the school after one pilot drops out, allowing for him and his RIO (Radar Intercept Officer, the "back seater" in the two-man F-14) LTJG Nick 'Goose' Bradshaw to train with the best.
The film opened on May 16, 1986 to good reviews, the aerial scenes being most notably praised. The film accumulated over $350 million world-wide, and broke home-video sales records.
Plot
Tom Cruise plays LT Pete Mitchell, call sign "Maverick," a cocky young United States Navy F-14 Tomcat pilot with the VF-1 "Wolfpack" flying off CVN-65 USS Enterprise. Maverick is the son of Duke Mitchell, a fighter pilot shot down during the Vietnam War and listed as missing in action with no details, a mystery which haunts Maverick.
The film begins "somewhere in the Indian Ocean" with Maverick and his RIO (Radar Intercept Officer, the back seater in the two-man F-14) "Goose" (Anthony Edwards), flying wing man to lead pilot "Cougar" and his RIO, "Merlin" (Robbins), en route to intercept an unknown inbound (a "bogey"). It turns out to be two hostile MiG-28 aircraft; the country is unnamed, though the adversary pilots (masked by flight helmets) are presumably Soviet advisors flying for some country which is presumably equipped with Soviet equipment and having Soviet military advisors such as South Yemen. Though restrained by rules of engagement against pre-emptive fire, and despite Cougar being outflown and trapped almost immediately, Maverick manages to intimidate both "bandits" into withdrawing. He scares the first one off by a missile lock and does an inverted flight over the second, ending in Maverick flipping off the pilot and Goose taking his picture. Alarmed and humiliated, the second enemy goes away. Despite this, Cougar is thoroughly rattled and does not obey return-to-base orders, despite his fighter's dwindling fuel supply. Maverick, just as low on fuel, heroically risks his own plane in order to talk Cougar back to their aircraft carrier.
Cougar is unnerved by the incident, risking his life when he has a family to think about. He realizes he has lost his edge and "turns in his wings" (resigns). That means Maverick and Goose are now the best pilot-RIO team in the squadron, and are sent to the Navy's elite "TOPGUN" fighter pilot school (US Navy Fighter Weapons School) at Miramar, in San Diego, California.
While testing his instructors' patience with his reckless flying (on day one, he breaks two major flight safety rules) and establishing a rivalry with top student Tom 'Iceman' Kazanski (Val Kilmer), Maverick falls in love with his beautiful female civilian instructor, astrophysicist Charlotte 'Charlie' Blackwood (Kelly McGillis). Though an extremely talented pilot, Maverick lives up to his name when called upon to be a team player. At one point, flying a mock combat mission with the pilot-RIO team of "Hollywood" and "Wolfman," he breaks off to chase after TOPGUN's chief instructor, Commander Mike "Viper" Metcalf (the first TOPGUN winner), giving the older pilot a run for his money. But this allows Viper's wingman, "Jester" (Michael Ironside) to defeat first Hollywood, then Maverick himself, underscoring the message that you never leave your wingman.
During the next engagement, Maverick and Iceman, ever competitive, chase the same target, with Maverick tailgating while Iceman attempts to gain a missile lock. When Iceman gives up and pulls out, Maverick gets caught in his jet wash, and enters a flat spin from which he cannot recover. He and Goose are forced to eject; echoing a real-life accident, Goose hits the cockpit canopy and is killed. Although Maverick is officially exonerated of being at fault, he has lost his self-confidence. During a subsequent training exercise, Jester deliberately makes himself an easy target and literally begs him to attack; despite this, Maverick disengages and retreats.
Finally, unsure of his future, he begins to wonder whether he should remain in the Navy. When he goes to Viper for advice, Viper tells him that he served with Maverick's father in Vietnam, with the VF-51 "Screaming Eagles" off the CVA-34 USS Oriskany. During a fierce dogfight, Duke Mitchell's F-4 was hit, but he refused to disengage, saving three allied pilots before going down. Unfortunately, the engagement took place "over the wrong line on some map," and the State Department, hoping to avoid an international incident, covered up the details. Newly motivated by this conversation, Maverick elects to graduate Top Gun and remain a pilot.
During the post-graduation party, Iceman, Slider (his RIO), Hollywood, Wolfman and Maverick are ordered to report to Enterprise. (Viper says, "Maverick, you'll get your RIO when you get to your ship. And if you don't... give me a call, I'll fly with ya.") An intelligence gathering ship has 'broken down' inside hostile waters and the pilots are to fly cover for it until repairs are completed. ("Ice, Hollywood, sector two. And Maverick, you back 'em up with Merlin on Ready Five.")
While Hollywood and Iceman are on patrol, six MiGs ambush them, shooting Hollywood's Tomcat down and damaging Iceman's. After Maverick takes off, both of the Enterprise's catapults jam, preventing further reinforcement. When Maverick reaches the dogfight, he inadvertently flies his airplane through a MiG-28's jet wash and starts spinning out of control—circumstances identical to those which caused Goose's death. He manages to recover, but loses his nerve and flees. Clutching Goose's Dog Tags and begging his friend to speak to him one last time, Maverick finds his courage. He re-engages the enemy, his cockiness tempered by experience, and downs three MiGs while covering Iceman (who scores a single kill of his own), showing that he has absorbed the lesson to not leave his wingman. Returning to Enterprise a hero, Maverick is given his choice of any posting, and he decides to return to Top Gun as an instructor, much to his squadron commander's amusement. On Maverick's return to Fightertown USA, Miramar, he goes for a drink in the local bar when You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling starts playing on the jukebox. Charlie then appears - she has decided to remain at Miramar - and they fall for each other again.
Production
Writing
The primary inspiration for the film was discovered by producer Don Simpson when he found an article in the May 1983 issue of California magazine which would form the basis of the film. The article, Top Guns, was about the TOPGUN fighter pilots at the Miramar Naval Air Station, located in San Diego, self-nicknamed as "Fightertown USA". Numerous screenwriters allegedly turned down the project. Bruckheimer and Simpson went on to hire Jim Cash and Jack Epps, Jr., to write the first draft. The research methods, by Epps, included an attendance at several declassified Top Gun classes at Miramar and gaining experience by being flown in an F-14. The first draft failed to capture the imagination of Bruckheimer and Simpson, and the first draft is considered to be very different from the final product in numerous ways.
The film needed the assistance of the United States Navy. The Navy was willing to aid the film on certain conditions; the film must benefit the service; the script must be authentic; and it must be in good taste. It would be a beneficial deal to both parties, the Navy would be able to oversee the production of the film to avoid any possible degradation to its reputation, and the Top Gun producers would save money by being allowed to access Navy personnel, installations and equipment. The US Navy held a powerful position in relation to script approval with immediate changes being made. The opening dogfight was moved to international waters as opposed to Cuba, bad language was trimmed down and a scene that involved a crash on the deck of an aircraft carrier was also scrapped. Also, Maverick's love interest in the film was originally intended to be a female member of the Navy, but due to the US Navy's discouragement of colleagues dating, her position was changed to be that of an outside contractor.
Tom Cruise was the first choice for the lead in the film. Cruise, however, was not totally convinced by the script offered to him and did not sign a contract, but rather agreed to develop the script with the producers and go from there. Cruise was to influence the direction of the script in a major way, he wanted a more competitive edge to the film, so the semi-fictional Top Gun trophy was introduced (there had been an inter-service air-to-air gunnery competition in the 1940s and 50s, but it is defunct as the Navy discourages competitive flying). There were also concerns that the lead female was not appropriate and was an insulting stereotype, subsequently, changes were made to the lead female character.
Casting
From the early stages during the production of the Top Gun script, it was always known that Tom Cruise was the actor wanted to portray Maverick. As Cruise did originally turn down both Bruckheimer and Simpson, yet worked with the pair to develop the material, both producers knew that Cruise needed more persuading to sign on to the project. Cruise, who was considerably popular after starring in All the Right Moves, was taken for a joy ride with the Blue Angels, and after the flight changed his mind.
At the time of casting, Val Kilmer had the same agent as Tom Cruise, so Kilmer had heard about the project some time previously. Kilmer went to a casting in New York City, where he apparently left rather uninterested. Director Tony Scott, however, persuaded Kilmer to reconsider. Inspirations which gave Scott a clear vision for what he was searching for within characters came from none other than Bruce Weber, a gay photographer who came to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s. It was one of his photographs which actually pictured three men with uncanny resemblance to Tom Cruise, Val Kilmer, and Rick Rossovich, who would later be cast as 'Slider' to partner Kilmer in the skies. Kelly McGillis, riding off the success of Witness, was cast as Cruise's love interest. Meg Ryan who was originally second choice for her role, was also cast alongside Anthony Edwards who was cast as 'Goose'.
Main cast:
- Tom Cruise as Lt. Pete 'Maverick' Mitchell. Prior to Top Gun Cruise had earned acclaim for his popular role as Joel Goodsen in Risky Business, Legend (film) and Taps as well as a handful of teen comedies had Cruise in a favourable position coming into the film. Although he had maintained a lead role in previous affairs, Top Gun would be the first big-budget film where he would have considerable pressure on himself.
- Kelly McGillis as Charlotte 'Charlie' Blackwood. McGillis had made a name for herself a year earlier, co-starring with Harrison Ford in Witness, although apart from that role her experience was limited to a few television films and small roles. More so than Cruise, McGillis would see Top Gun as a massive opportunity to further her career.
- Val Kilmer as Lt. Tom 'Iceman' Kazanski. Kilmer, started his career on stage but made his acting debut three years prior to the release of Top Gun, appearing alongside Michelle Pfeiffer in a short/television film titled One Too Many. Kilmer would receive top-billing in comedy Top Secret! (1984) and Real Genius (1985), both being fairly popular with a wide distribution.
- Anthony Edwards as Lt. (j.g.) Nick 'Goose' Bradshaw. Edwards was famous for his role in cult film Revenge of the Nerds. As well as having small roles and appearing in television productions, he had played the lead role in the 1985 comedy Gotcha!.
- Tom Skerritt as Cmdr. Mike 'Viper' Metcalf. Star of Alien, The Dead Zone and MASH, he had appeared in over 30 productions prior to Top Gun.
- Michael Ironside as Lt. Cmdr. Rick 'Jester' Heatherly. Ironside landed his first major role in the 1981 horror film Scanners. Ironside appeared in numerous roles between Top Gun and Scanners but Top Gun is considered to have launched his career.
Secondary cast:
- Rick Rossovich as Lt. (j.g.) Ron 'Slider' Kerner
- Barry Tubb as Wolfman.
- Clarence Gilyard Jr. as Sundown
- Whip Hubley as Lt. Rick 'Hollywood' Neven
- Meg Ryan as Carole Bradshaw
- Tim Robbins as Lt. (j.g.) Sam 'Merlin' Wells
Aircraft:
- The major US aircraft featured is the F-14 Tomcat, which was the Navy's primary Air superiority fighter.
- A-4 Skyhawk Also called "Scooter", this small attack aircraft is used to simulate subsonic Russian aircraft such as the MiG-17.
- F-5E Tiger This aircraft was intended as a low cost supersonic fighter for allies which could not afford the best US fighters. The F-5 was used by the Navy to simulate the supersonic MiG-21 in dissimilar training because of its similar flight characteristics, and difficult to spot small size in comparison with the much larger Tomcat. In the movie F-5s are painted black to depict the fictional MiG-28.
- Recently the Navy has moved away from using the Skyhawk and Tiger as more modern Russian fighters are far closer to US aircraft in performance.
Music
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The Top Gun soundtrack is one of the most popular soundtracks to date, and some say that it captured the heart of the 1980s with its music. Harold Faltermeyer, who previously worked with both Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson on the films Flashdance and Beverly Hills Cop was sent the script of Top Gun by Bruckheimer before filming even had even started.
Kenny Loggins was present at one of the screenings for composers and singers. He picked a smaller scene, one that might not be too popular, thinking he would have a better chance of getting his material in the film. He chose the volleyball scene. Together with producer Peter Wolf, the two attempted to capture the playful spirit of the scene, which they saw as a release from the pressure of naval aviating; the pair produced the song Playing with the Boys. Loggins would soon learn that Toto (who was intended to sing one song for the film) had dropped out and that they needed an artist to fill the empty space. Loggins inquired if it was "up tempo", as he needed a song that was up tempo for an upcoming concert. He subsequently agreed to fill the song. Loggins, already having Playing with the Boys under his belt, would now be completing Danger Zone as well.
Giorgio Moroder, the music producer for Top Gun, who had written Danger Zone was impressed with the complete Loggins product. Moroder, who originally had two pieces turned away by the producers, then went away to write a piece for the beginning sequence. After learning that his Ferrari mechanic, Tom Whitlock, had an interest in song-writing, the pair collaborated on the Top Gun album, together, writing Danger Zone and Take My Breath Away. Moroder, who at the time was producing a single song for band Berlin, happened to mention the song Take My Breath Away, to which Terri Nunn of Berlin enthusiastically agreed to record, despite some band members not being fond of recording work which was not their own. The song would later win numerous awards, sending Berlin to international acclaim. After the release of Loggins' Danger Zone, sales of the album exploded, selling 7 million in the United States alone. It has been one soundtrack that has held a strong position in sales, and it will continue to do so as the soundtrack has become a very recognizable collection of music. On the re-release of the soundtrack in 2000 two songs omitted from the original album, Great Balls of Fire by Jerry Lee Lewis and You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling by The Righteous Brothers were added.
It is also interesting to note that plenty of other artists were considered for the soundtrack project, but did not participate. Bryan Adams was considered as a potential candidate, but refused to participate because he felt the film glorified war. Likewise, R.E.O. Speedwagon was considered, but backed down because they would not be allowed to record their own composition.
Reception
The film opened in the United States in 1,028 theatres on May 16, 1986. On its first weekend it came in at number one with a $8,193,052 gross, and went on to a total domestic figure of $176,786,701. Internationally it was embraced, taking in $177,030,000 for a worldwide box office total of $353,816,701.[1] The film was praised for the action sequences but its dramatic side was criticized, as by Roger Ebert who makes light of the situation by saying that "The dogfights are absolutely the best since Clint Eastwood's electrifying aerial scenes in Firefox. But look out for the scenes where the people talk to one another".[2] New York Times critic Walter Goodman hailed its action ability saying that it "fires off as spectacular a show of state-of-the-art jet battle" but later writes that "The excitement is switched off on landing",[3] echoing the thoughts of reviews such as Ebert's. It was also derided by real Navy fighter pilots, who reportedly laughed out loud at screenings over inaccuracies, such as the scene when Maverick reports to his commanding officer after refusing to land and helping a fellow pilot who'd lost his nerve safely land his plane. He receives a simple dressing down, but in real life any pilot who'd done such a thing would have been court-martialed. In the same scene, Maverick's superior gives a rundown of his lengthy record of rule breaking. In reality, anyone with such a record wouldn't have been allowed to remain in the Navy, let alone fly a $30,000,000 fighter plane.
The film would later be hailed as a film that defined modern action, BBC writer Almar Haflidason comments that "'Top Gun' is the type of movie that turns the screen into an altar. Kneeling before its slick façade of 1980s magnificence, you are in the shadow of a film that has defined the modern day action blockbuster".[4] Criticisms of the films over-the-top characters and somewhat cliche storyline would be hailed as reasons as to why the film was so successful. BBC critic, Almar Haflidason would comment on its appeal to both sexes; "The guys get incredible action sequences and simple buddy-bonding emotional moments. And the ladies get an amazing Tom Cruise playing the romantic lead while retaining an impetuous, unpredictable and exciting nature that adds depth to this on-the-surface shallow movie".[4]
Top Gun went on to break further records in the then still-developing home video market. Backed by a massive $8 million marketing campaign including a Top Gun-themed Pepsi commercial, the advanced demand was such that the film became the best-selling videocassette in the industry's history on pre-orders alone. Top Gun's home video success was again reflected by strong DVD sales, which was furthered by a special edition release in 2004 which sold a massive number of copies. Sales of Ray Ban 'Aviator' sunglasses jumped 40%, due to their ongoing appearance in the film, predominantly by Maverick and Iceman.[5] People wanted to capture the personalities of the Top Gun characters by wearing the same sunglasses, which became highly fashionable and continue to do so today. Unsurprisingly, it boosted Air Force recruitment and increased Navy recruitment 500 percent[6]. This was evident in the fact that the Navy used its success by having recruitment booths in some theaters to lure enthusiastic patrons.
Awards and nominations
The film won the following awards:
| Year | Award | Category - Recipient(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1987 | ASCAP Film and Television Music Award | Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures - Giorgio Moroder and Tom Whitlock for the song "Take My Breath Away". |
| 1987 | Academy Award | Best Music, Original Song - Giorgio Moroder (music) and Tom Whitlock (lyrics) for the song "Take My Breath Away". |
| 1986 | Apex Scroll Award | Achievement in Sound Effects |
| 1987 | Brit Award | Best Soundtrack |
| 1987 | Golden Globe | Best Original Song - Motion Picture - Giorgio Moroder (music) and Tom Whitlock (lyrics)for the song "Take My Breath Away". |
| 1987 | Golden Screen | |
| 1987 | Grammy Awards | Best Pop Instrumental Performance (Orchestra, Group or Soloist) - Harold Faltermeyer and Steve Stevens for "Top Gun Anthem". |
| 1987 | Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award | Best Sound Editing |
| Best Sound Editing - Sound Effects | ||
| 1987 | People's Choice Award | Favorite Motion Picture |
| 1988 | Award of the Japanese Academy | Best Foreign Language Film |
The film was nominated for the following awards:
- Academy Award (1987)
- Best Effects, Sound Effects Editing - Cecelia Hall and George Watters II
- Best Film Editing - Billy Weber and Chris Lebenzon
- Best Sound - Donald O. Mitchell, Kevin O'Connell, Rick Kline and William B. Kaplan
- Apex Scroll Awards(1986)
- Actress in a Supporting Role- Meg Ryan
- Film Editing - Billy Weber and Chris Lebanzon
- Best Original Song - Motion Picture - Giorgio Moroder (music) and Tom Whitlock (lyrics)for the song "Take My Breath Away".
- Achievement in Compilation Soundtrack
- Achievement in Sound
- Golden Globe (1988)
- Best Original Score - Motion Picture - Harold Faltermeyer
- Award of the Japanese Academy (1988)
- Best Foreign Language Film
- Fennecus Awards (1986)
- Achievement in Compilation Soundtrack
- Best Original Song - Motion Picture - Giorgio Moroder (music) and Tom Whitlock (lyrics)for the song "Take My Breath Away".
- Film Editing - Billy Weber and Chris Lebanzon
- Achievement in Sound
- Achievement in Sound Effects
Video games
Top Gun also spawned a number of video games for various platforms. The original game was released in 1987 under the same title as the film. It was released on four platforms in total; PC, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum and Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) (with an equivalent version for Nintendo's "VS." arcade cabinets). In the game the player pilots an F-14 Tomcat fighter and has to complete four missions. A sequel, Top Gun: The Second Mission, was released for the NES system three years later.
Another game, Top Gun: Fire at Will, was released in 1996 for the PC and later for the Sony PlayStation platform. Top Gun: Combat Zones was released for PlayStation 2 in 2001. Combat Zones was considerably longer and more complex than its predecessors. In late 2005 a fifth game simply titled Top Gun was released for the Nintendo DS.
Mobile Game Publisher Hands-On Mobile (formerly knows as Mforma) have published three mobile games based around Top Gun. The first two were top-down scrolling arcade shooters and received excellent reviews (see http://uk.wireless.ign.com/) . The third game takes a different approach as a third-person perspective game, similar to Sega's famous 'Afterburner' games. For more info on the mobile games visit http://www.handson.com
References in popular culture
The success of Top Gun has seen it have a cultural influence in society which has spawned many references, some of which lampoon the film:
- The most notorious of these was the 1991 film Hot Shots!. The spoof film primarily makes fun of Top Gun, following the protagonist Topper Harley played by Charlie Sheen, who is an American fighter pilot that must overcome the ghosts of his father and return to duty for a special assignment.
- Top Gun has often been lightheartedly referred to as a homoerotic film. The romantic comedy Sleep with Me (1994) includes a sequence in which a character, played by Quentin Tarantino, describes in detail his theory that Top Gun has a gay subtext. The sequence was written by Roger Avary.
- In an episode of The Simpsons, the family goes to an air show and a geeky teenager tells them where to park. Bart yells, "Way to guard the parking lot, Top Gun!".
- In an episode of the Canadian comedy Corner Gas, one Snowbird pilot says to another, "Let it go, Iceman".
- In the computer game Wing Commander III, character Christopher Blair's call sign was originally intended to be "Falcon" but was later changed to "Maverick" as in homage to Top Gun. In addition, the character Maj. Michael Casey in the first Wing Commander game had the call sign of "Iceman".
- The satirical newspaper The Onion listed inaccuracies from the movie Pearl Harbor, one of which was, "Maverick, Goose and Iceman were not actually at Pearl Harbor". Jerry Bruckheimer was a producer for both films.
- In an episode of JAG, main character Harmon Rabb Jr. is being held at gunpoint by gang members, one of whom keeps addressing him as "Top Gun." Harm is a Navy F-14 pilot like Maverick.
- The film Meet the Parents references the call signs of Maverick, Iceman, and Goose when two of the characters are congratulating each other after scoring in a game of pool volleyball.
- The film Valiant, a 2005animation sampled the Kenny Loggins track "Danger Zone" in one of its trailers. The film is about a pigeon who overcomes his small size to become a hero in the air force.
- The band Bury Your Dead has also used the movie title as a name to one of their songs off their 2005 album Cover Your Tracks (all the songs off the album are named after Tom Cruise movies).
- Top Gun: The Jet Coaster is a roller coaster themed after the movie. It is located in Paramount's Carowinds, and is one of the park's most popular rides. Other Top Gun themed roller coasters are also located in Paramount's Kings Island, Paramount Canada's Wonderland and Paramount's Great America.
- In the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, the player can earn an aviation rank by logging many flight hours. Some of the various ranks are from the movie, such as "Goose" and "Maverick."
- In the video game World of Warcraft, there are six wind riders/gryphon riders (aerial soldiers) named "Guse", "Mulverick", "Jeztor", "Ichman", "Slidore" and "Vipore" inside of the Alterac Valley zone.
- Val Kilmer appeared on Saturday Night Live on 2000-12-09 and performed a spoof of his "Top Gun" character "Iceman", titled "Ice Man: The Later Years" in which he plays an airline captain after performing his duties as a Naval Aviator.
- British singer Will Young's Switch It On single CD cover spoofs Top Gun. The font the title is written in spoofs that of the film logo, and Young is dressed in flight gear standing right outside of a jet fighter. His helmet even has the VF-1 designation on it, just like Goose's from the movie.
- In Blizzard's PC game Starcraft, there is a hero Wraith pilot by the name of Tom Kazansky, obvious homage to Tom "Iceman" Kazanski.
- In the 2005 film, Waiting, Monty (Ryan Reynolds) tries to coax Dean (Justin Long) into telling him his thoughts by using the Top Gun quote "Talk to me, Goose".
- Following the movie, there was also an anime series created called Area 88 in Japan.
- In Area 88, there was former U.S. Navy pilot named Mickey Simon, a possible reference to Val Kilmer's character in the movie, who flies the F-14 Tomcat (in reference to Top Gun) throughout the whole series.
- In Marvel Comics' adaptation of the Television Series Captain Planet, (issue #3,) three pilots are seen chasing a large dragon formed from smog. Naturally, their callsigns are Iceman, Maverick, and Goose.
See also
Historical incidents similar to those in the film's climax:
- Gulf of Sidra incident (1981), US-Libyan air engagement over territorial claim, 2 Libyan jets shot down by F-14s
- Gulf of Sidra incident (1989), another US-Libyan air engagement over territorial claim, 2 Libyan jets shot down by F-14s
In Song of the Cuckoo Bird, written by Amulya Malladi, a young boy name Karthik idolizes the movie Top Gun to the point that it motivates him to become a pilot.
References
- ^ "boxofficemojo.com". Top Gun (box office). Retrieved 8 November.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "rogerebert.com". Sun Times:Top Gun review. Retrieved 15 January.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "nytimes.com". NY Times:Top Gun review. Retrieved 15 January.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "bbc.co.uk". BBC films:Top Gun review. Retrieved 15 January.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "time.com". Through A Glass Darkly. Retrieved 8 November.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "opendemocracy.net". Open Democracy Article. Retrieved 25 July.
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External links
