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S Persei

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S Persei
Location of S Persei (circled) near the Double Cluster (north is left)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Perseus
Right ascension 2h 22m 51.70928s[1]
Declination 58° 31′ 11.4476″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.23[2] (7.9 - 12.0[3])
Characteristics
Spectral type M4.5I[2] (M3Iae - M7[3])
B−V color index 2.65[2]
Variable type SRc[3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)-39.71[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −0.49 ± 0.23[5] mas/yr
Dec.: −1.19 ± 0.20[5] mas/yr
Parallax (π)0.413 ± 0.017 mas[5]
Distance7,900 ± 300 ly
(2,420 ± 100 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−6.36[2]
Details
Mass20[6] M☉
Radius780-1,230[2] R☉
Luminosity81,000 - 221,000[2][7][8] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)0.0[9] cgs
Temperature3,000[10]–3,600[7] K
Other designations
S Per, HD 14528, HIP 11093, BD+57 552, SAO 23261, WDS J02229+5835, AAVSO 0215+58
Database references
SIMBADdata

S Persei is a red supergiant located near the Double Cluster in Perseus, north of the cluster NGC 869. It is a member of the Perseus OB1 association and is a semiregular variable, stars whose periods of variation are subject to more irregularities than those of Mira variables.

Many of the visually bright variable stars belong to this class of semiregulars, as these stars are extremely large and luminous, and hence visible across long distances. S Persei could be as large as 1,230 times the sun's radius (R☉), but is most likely to be "only" 780 R☉.[2] It has been described as a hypergiant.[11]

S Persei is surrounded by clouds containing water molecules which produce maser emission. This allows the distance to be measured very accurately using very long baseline interferometry, giving an annual parallax of 0.413 ± 0.017 milliarcseconds. For comparison the Hipparcos parallax is 1.88 mas, but the margin of error is larger than the parallax value itself.[1] It lies somewhat further away than the centres of the Double Cluster open clusters, but definitely within the Per OB1 association and the Perseus Arm of the galaxy.[5]

S Persei is a double star. The red supergiant has an A0 11th magnitude companion at 69".[12] There are also several other 8th to 10th magnitude stars within half a degree of S Persei.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Emily M. Levesque; Philip Massey; K. A. G. Olsen; Bertrand Plez; et al. (August 2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not As Cool As We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973–985. arXiv:astro-ph/0504337. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. doi:10.1086/430901. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c Samus', N. N.; Goranskii, V. P.; Durlevich, O. V.; Zharova, A. V.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N.; Williams, D. B.; Hazen, M. L. (2003). "An Electronic Version of the Second Volume of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars with Improved Coordinates". Astronomy Letters. 29 (7): 468. Bibcode:2003AstL...29..468S. doi:10.1134/1.1589864.
  4. ^ Famaey, B.; Jorissen, A.; Luri, X.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S.; Dejonghe, H.; Turon, C. (2005). "Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 430 (1): 165–186. arXiv:astro-ph/0409579. Bibcode:2005A&A...430..165F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041272. ISSN 0004-6361.
  5. ^ a b c d Asaki, Y.; Deguchi, S.; Imai, H.; Hachisuka, K.; Miyoshi, M.; Honma, M. (2010). "DISTANCE AND PROPER MOTION MEASUREMENT OF THE RED SUPERGIANT, S PERSEI, WITH VLBI H2O MASER ASTROMETRY". The Astrophysical Journal. 721 (1): 267–277. arXiv:1007.4874. Bibcode:2010ApJ...721..267A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/721/1/267. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ Yates, J. A.; Cohen, R. J. (1994). "Circumstellar Envelope Structure of Late Type Stars as Revealed by MERLIN Observations of 22-GHZ Water Masers". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 270 (4): 958. Bibcode:1994MNRAS.270..958Y. doi:10.1093/mnras/270.4.958.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ a b Fok, Thomas K. T.; Nakashima, Jun-Ichi; Yung, Bosco H. K.; Hsia, Chih-Hao; Deguchi, Shuji (2012). "Maser Observations of Westerlund 1 and Comprehensive Considerations on Maser Properties of Red Supergiants Associated with Massive Clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 760: 65. arXiv:1209.6427. Bibcode:2012ApJ...760...65F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/65.
  8. ^ Mauron, N.; Josselin, E. (2011). "The mass-loss rates of red supergiants and the de Jager prescription". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 526: A156. arXiv:1010.5369. Bibcode:2011A&A...526A.156M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201013993.
  9. ^ Gonzalez, Guillermo; Wallerstein, George (2000). "Elemental Abundances in Evolved Supergiants. II. The Young Clusters H and χ Persei". The Astronomical Journal. 119 (4): 1839. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.1839G. doi:10.1086/301319.
  10. ^ García-Hernández, D. A.; García-Lario, P.; Plez, B.; Manchado, A.; d'Antona, F.; Lub, J.; Habing, H. (2007). "Lithium and zirconium abundances in massive Galactic O-rich AGB stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 462 (2): 711. Bibcode:2007A&A...462..711G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065785.
  11. ^ Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W.; Brunthaler, A. (2012). "The distance and size of the red hypergiant NML Cygni from VLBA and VLA astrometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: A42. arXiv:1207.1850. Bibcode:2012A&A...544A..42Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219587. ISSN 0004-6361.
  12. ^ Dommanget, J.; Nys, O. (1994). "Catalogue des composantes d'etoiles doubles et multiples (CCDM) premiere edition - Catalogue of the components of double and multiple stars (CCDM) first edition". Com. de l'Observ. Royal de Belgique. 115: 1. Bibcode:1994CoORB.115....1D.
  13. ^ Skiff, B. A. (1994). "Photometry of Stars in the Field of S Persei". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 4054: 1. Bibcode:1994IBVS.4054....1S.
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