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2016 Aceh earthquake

Coordinates: 5°16′52″N 96°06′29″E / 5.281°N 96.108°E / 5.281; 96.108
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2016 Aceh earthquake
UTC time??
Duration10–15 seconds
Magnitude6.5 Mw
Depth8.2 km
Epicenter5°16′52″N 96°06′29″E / 5.281°N 96.108°E / 5.281; 96.108
FaultUnknown (possibly Samalanga – Sipopok fault)
TypeStrike-slip
Areas affectedIndonesia
Max. intensityIX (Violent)
Aftershocks100 confirmed[1]
Casualties100 dead
1,273 injured
12,300 displaced[2][3][4]

The 2016 Aceh earthquake struck the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a Mw of 6.5 in Aceh province on December 7, 2016, at 05:03 local Western Indonesian Time (22:3 December 6 UTC). The shock was reported to be at a depth of 8.2 km, categorized as a strong, shallow earthquake. The epicentre was located near the village of Reuleut in Pidie Jaya Regency, 100 km (62 mi) east of the province's capital, Banda Aceh.[5] At least 100 people died in the quake, with at least 1,000 people injured.[6]

Earthquake

The earthquake struck on 05:03 a.m while many people were still sleeping or preparing for morning prayer.[7] Hundreds of people panicked and ran through the streets as the earthquake struck, with eyewitnesses stating that most were crying and screaming as their memory of the massive earthquake in 2004 was still vivid. Many stated that the shaking was similar to the 2004 quake. Hundreds of people evacuated to higher ground, fearing that a tsunami would occur.[8]

Even though the earthquake was categorized as a shallow earthquake, the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics stated that there was no potential for a tsunami to occur. The shaking was strongly felt in Pidie and Pidie Jaya Regency and lasted for 10 – 15 seconds. The quake could be felt within the entire Aceh region.[9][10]

The Deputy of Prevention and Alertness of the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management, Wisnu Widjaja, stated that the energy that had been released by the quake was equivalent to that released in the 1945 nuclear bombing of Hiroshima.[11] The Head of the Geology Office, Ego Syahrial, stated that Pidie Jaya Regency was included as one of the most earthquake-prone cities in Aceh and was in the red zone.[12]

Impact

In the initial hours after the earthquake, structures across Aceh were reported to have been severely damaged. The dome of the Samalanga Mosque, Pidie's central mosque, had collapsed. Massive power outages occurred throughout Pidie and Pidie Jaya as telephone poles and electrical poles tumbled. Several houses collapsed during the quake. Roads were also damaged. Preliminary data suggest that 14 structures had collapsed during the quake, including a minimarket in Pidie. Photos of destroyed houses and buildings were circulated on social media.[13][14] Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management later [stated that] "many structures" were damaged, of which 25 suffered heavy damage.[15][16] Detailed information revealed that 72 stores had collapsed, 15 houses had been destroyed, 1 mall had collapsed, 5 mosques appeared destroyed and an Islamic school also had collapsed.[17] It was reported that dozens of Islamic students were trapped under an Islamic School in Bireun Regency.[18] Later reports revealed that 249 structures had been damaged in the quake, including 14 mosques and a hospital.[19] The Indonesian National Disaster Management Board later confirmed that 686 structures were either destroyed or damaged.[4]

At least 100 aftershocks followed the main shock in Aceh, with the largest measuring 5.0 Mw on the late hours of 7 December 2016 with a depth of 10 km.[1] The power of the earthquake was also revised by the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics from 6.4 Mw to 6.5 Mw.[20]

The regent of Pidie, Jaya Aiyub Ben Abbas, stated that approximately 30% of the area of Pidie Jaya was severely affected by the quake and also stated that he will travel back to Pidie Jaya after his duty visit to Istana Negara.[21]

Search and rescue efforts

Masjid Jami' Quba Pangwa in Kuta Pangwa village, Trienggadeng subdistrict, Pidië Jaya Regency collapsed in the earthquake

Emergency services were overwhelmed in the aftermath of the quake. At least 30 people, including some children, were admitted to the nearest hospital for bone fractures. Search and rescue teams were immediately assembled and deployed to the scene, including the Disaster Victims Identification team (DVI).[22] Coordination centres were set up in the hardest-hit area. The Indonesian Volcanology and Geology Disaster Mitigation were sent to the area affected by the quake. The Ministry of Energy and Human Resources were also sent to the disaster area. One person was reportedly killed due to falling debris. Further search and rescue operation discovered more deaths in Pidie Jaya. Vice Regent of Pidie Jaya Regency, Said Mulyadi, stated that at least 18 people were killed in the quake, with dozens trapped under rubble.[23] The number reportedly injured was increased to 500 with their treatment limited to the streets as treating patients indoors was prohibited for fear of aftershocks. As local hospitals were overwhelmed, more survivors were transported to other main hospitals, including Pidie Jaya Hospital (outdoor, as the indoor section were heavily damaged) and Chik Di Tiro Hospital.[24] Severely injured people were transported by helicopters to Banda Aceh, the province's capital.[25]

Indonesian President Joko Widodo ordered the Presidential Head Staff Teten Masduki to travel to Aceh in response to the quake.[26][27] He later added that every authorities were ordered similarly.[28] The Indonesian Government will set up tents, shelters, and camps for the survivors of the quake. The State Electricity Company (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) deployed 20 personnel to the disaster zone to check the electrical conditions in the area.[29][30] National Search and Rescue Agency deployed 'special forces' in response to the quake, consisting of 2 teams, each team consisted of 20 people.[31] The Indonesian Red Cross sent 500 family kit, 500 hygiene kit, 1.000 blankets, 1.000 mats & 200 body bags. 2 ambulances were also sent by the Indonesian Red Cross.[32] Search and Rescue Team in Medan, North Sumatra, had also sent 2 teams to Aceh to assist rescuers.[33]

The acting governor of Aceh Soedarmo ordered all agencies to work in the hardest hit area and stated that heavy equipments and medicines were the first priority.[34] The Ministry of Public Work were also sent several personnel to Aceh, including its General Director.[35] Social Minister Khofifah Indar Parawansa will travel to Aceh in order to help the survivors[36] The ministry had deployed Taruna Siaga Bencana in response to the quake.[37] Khofifah then stated that evacuation centre and refugee centre had been set up in the areas affected by the quake and that the ministry will deploy 33,000 volunteers.[38] The Indonesian Navy sent a ship to Aceh for logistic deployment.[39]

The Aceh Government later declared a state of emergency for 14 days in response to the quake, as the government needed immediate help from the central government in Jakarta.[40] Chief of the Aceh Regional Police Rio S Djambak stated that the hardest hit area in Pidie Jaya were in Ulee Glee and Meureudu, with 23 fatalities confirmed in the area.[41] Volunteers in Aceh stated that Pidie Jaya medical instances were overwhelmed due to lack of medical forces in the city, which caused the injured to be ignored.[42]

On the noon of 7 December 2016, the death toll were revised by Indonesian authorities to 45, according to the Head of Health Instance of Pidie Jaya,[43] later rose to 49.[44] The Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management sent around 740 personnel to Pidie Jaya from Pidie, consisting of the Indonesian National Army and Pidie Regency's Tagana.[45] It was then revised again to 52, as rescuers retrieved more bodies under the rubble. Most of the dead were residents in Pidie Jaya Regency.[46] The death toll increased to 54 when 2 additional fatalities were reported in Bireuën Regency. On the afternoon of December 7, the death toll jumped to 92, while army official had told Metro TV that 97 people were killed in the quake.[47] On the evening, the death toll was revised to 97.[2]

Indonesian authorities confirmed that 73 people were seriously injured in the incident. At least 80 people on critical condition were transported to Bireun Hospital as hospitals in Pidie and Pidie Jaya were overwhelmed. 38 doctors were put on stand - by. The hospital didn't have an intensive care unit, thus treatment could only be done outdoor with tents. Hospital officials later stated that they only accept serious injury, while people with cut injuries were denied for treatments by the hospital.[48] On 8 December 2016 the hospital stated that they will treat the injured for free, including the slightly injured people.[49]

Social Minister Khofifah Indar Parawanasa had sent several donations and assistance from Central and Regional Storage of Sumatra to the victims. Based on official statements from the ministry, it had sent 40 units of family tents, 3.000 units of mats, 1.200 tents, 15 multi-functional tents, 2 psycho-social tents and 2.000 units of blankets. The ministry had also sent 250 family kit, 150 kids ware and 121.000 boxes of instant noodles. All of them worth a total of Rp 1.707.879.560 and was scheduled to be arrive in Pidie Jaya on 9 December. The aids that had been received by the survivors on December 7 came from the Social Office in Pidie Jaya, with a worth of Rp 389.010.696.[6]

The Yogyakarta Regional Disaster Management Board sent several search and rescue team to assist the evacuation process in Pidie Jaya, consisting of 7 people.[50] The North Sumatra Regional Police had also sent several of its team to the disaster site.[51] The Indonesian army deployed 1.000 personnel to Aceh. They planned to sent 80 medical personnel to Aceh.[52]

On 8 December 2016, the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management deployed a team of "collapse building" experts to region. The Board will send aids of medicines and foods to the region via air. The aid will be transported by the Indonesian Air Force.[53] The commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Gatot Nurmantyo stated that it will send 218 personnel to the affected region.[54] It was confirmed that he, Gatot Nurmantyo, will travel by himself to the disaster area.[55] Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management later stated that 99 bodies had been evacuated with 1 person listed as missing.[4]

Aftermath

Immediately after the quake, the #PrayForAceh went viral on Twitter, with most people offering condolences and prayers to the victims of the quake.[56][57][58] Rumah Lembang, a campaign house for Basuki Tjahaja Purnama and Djarot Saiful Hidayat that were competing for the 2017 Jakarta Governor election, held a minute of silence to honor the victims.[59] The President of Indonesia Joko Widodo and Vice President Jusuf Kalla conducted an emergency meeting in the aftermath of the quake.[60] Joko Widodo, alongside Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, the Head of Regional People's Representatives Council Mohammad Saleh, and the Head of the People's Consultative Assembly, Zulkifli Hasan, sent condolences to the victims of the quake.[61] Anies Baswedan, competing for the 2017 gubernatorial election, also sent his sincere condolences to the victims and asked Indonesian people to unite and help the victims in Pidie.[62]

Many Islamic agencies and political parties opened charity programs and solidarity programs for the victims of the earthquake. The Central Administrator Council agreed to open a crisis centre for the people affected by the quake in Pidie Jaya. Ambulances, medicines and medics were sent to aid the victims.[63] The Prosperous Justice Party (Bahasa Indonesia: Partai Keadilan Sejahtera) sent their sincere condolences and issued a solidarity program to the victims. The party also set up a crisis centre in the disaster area.[64] The Head of the People's Representative Council, Setya Novanto, sent condolences to the victims and asked his fellow co-workers and representatives to help the victims.[65]

Former Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono sent his deepest sympathy to the victims and also asked his fellow politicians in the Democratic Party to help Aceh. The party has coordinated with the local Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management and the Indonesian telecommunication giant Indosat Ooredoo. Officials have also stated that they are coordinating with Indonesian Students Legislative Council Forum.[66] The Indonesian telecommunication company Telkomsel offered free calling services and phone facility services in Meurudu and Ulee Glee, and state that they are coordinating with local government to assist the victims.[67] National Mandate Party (Bahasa Indonesia: Partai Amanat Nasional) had also offered its help to the victims. The Party's Secretary General Eddy Suparno stated that the party are willing to help the people of Aceh, and will build a crisis centre in Aceh. Head Staff of the Party immediately ordered his staff in Aceh to visit the hardest hit area.[68]

The Islamic Defenders Front opened a crisis centre in Aceh and sent its volunteers to help.[69] Muhammadiyah, alongside with several local Islamic organisations in Aceh also joined the solidarity program.[70] The Navy Base in Belawan had one ship on standby for helping the victims of the quake. The ship, KRI Sibolga, is on standby to assist the volunteers and social workers in dealing with the aftermath of the quake.[71]

Multiple Indonesian artists and journalists conducted solidarity moves for the victims. Indonesian singer Tompi, who was born in Aceh, opened a charity line for the victims.[72] Raisa, a famous Indonesian singer, sent her condolences to the victims, alongside Haruka Nakagawa, from JKT48. A message of condolence was also sent from Vidi Aldiano.[73][74]

The mayor of Surabaya Tri Rismaharini offered medical assistance to help the evacuation process in Pidie Jaya. She immediately delegated her assistant to coordinate between her government and the Aceh government. She will also send Aceh some funds and cash to the National Disaster Mitigation Centre in Aceh.[75] During a press conference, Jusuf Kalla confirmed that President Joko Widodo will visit the disaster zone after a state visit in Bali. Jusuf Kalla also sent condolences to the victims.[76]

Social Minister Khofifah Indar Parawansa stated that relatives of the victims of the disaster will be given payments of money from the ministry. If a person was killed the relatives will be given Rp. 15.000.000 per person, and Rp. 5.000.000 each if a person was seriously injured. She later sent her deepest sympathy to the victims and offered "her best performance" to assist the victims affected by the quake.[77][78] The ministry then sent trauma healing team to the region to deal with traumatized people, particularly children.[79] Social Minister Khofifah stated that in emergency situation, the local government could send emergency foods and supplies of up to 100 - 200 tonnes to the survivors and refugees.[80]

Russian President Vladimir Putin, Singaporean President Tony Tan Keng Yam and Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong offered condolences to Indonesia.[81] Malaysia had also sent a condolence letter and stated that they are ready to help Aceh if needed.[82][83]

Before the start of the semifinal match of the 2016 AFF Suzuki Cup Championship between Indonesia and Vietnam on 7 December, a minute of silence was observed.[84][85][86]

See also

References

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