Home counties

The home counties are the counties of England that surround London. The counties generally included in the list are Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex (although several counties do not border London). Other counties more distant from London—including Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Hampshire and Oxfordshire—are also sometimes included in the list because of their proximity to London and their connection to its regional economy. Many towns and villages within the home counties form part of the London commuter belt, from which it is practical to commute to work in the capital.

No exact definition of the term exists, but it may have arisen from the counties of the Home Circuit of the courts of Assize. The Home Circuit contained Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Surrey. The composition of the 'home counties' remains a matter of debate.^{[citation needed]}

Definitions

The earliest use of the term cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is from 1695. Charles Davenant, in An essay upon ways and means of supplying the war, wrote, "The Eleven Home Counties, which are thought in Land Taxes to pay more than their proportion, viz. Surry [sic] with Southwark, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgshire, Kent, Essex, Norfolk, and Suffolk, Berks, Bucks, and Oxfordshire."^[1]

Later definitions have tended to be more narrow and Bacon's Large Scale Atlas of London and Suburbs (revised edition c. 1912) includes Berkshire, Buckingham, Essex, Hertford, Kent, Middlesex and Surrey in the "maps of the home counties".^[2]

The term is sometimes understood to mean those counties which, on their borders closest to London, have been partly subsumed into London. Indeed, the former county of Middlesex has been almost wholly within London since 1965 as have parts of Hertfordshire and Surrey,^[3] although the name Middlesex still exists in various incarnations.

The third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (2010) defines the term as "the English counties surrounding London, into which London has extended. They comprise chiefly Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Hertfordshire."^[4] Parts of all of those historic counties are, since 1965, officially within London, although no part of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire or Sussex is. The county of Sussex is also wholly outside, and Berkshire almost wholly outside, the route of the M25 motorway which is often treated as an unofficial perimeter of Greater London and some definitions of the home counties mention that those counties are not always included amongst the home counties,^[5] or that the term has been extended to include them.^[6]

Theories sometimes mentioned for the origin of the term include the idea that the home counties were where the wealthy of London had second homes, the counties that Members of Parliament returned to after the end of business, or the counties in which regular commuters into London lived.^{[citation needed]}

Character

The Home counties were described by one 1987 reference book as being "inhabited on the whole by 'nice', comfortable, and conformist middle-class people".^[7] The county of Surrey has been described as possessing quintessential home counties characteristics of "a comfortable plasticized commuterland with respectable villas and neatly mown lawns interspersed with patches of mild scenery".^[8] In fiction, Margo and Jerry Leadbetter of the television sitcom The Good Life, set in Surbiton, represent a typical home counties suburban couple.

Economy

The home counties as a whole are significantly more prosperous than other parts of the United Kingdom. The towns of Amersham, Gerrards Cross and Beaconsfield, all in Buckinghamshire, were ranked as the top three most expensive in the country in one 2008 survey of average house prices.^[9] The area is so large, however, that it also includes a number of areas of deprivation such as Margate, Hastings and parts of Slough.^{[citation needed]}

In official use

Multiple definitions of the term have been used in legislation and by official bodies. In the twentieth century, for instance as follows: (the table includes all the areas mentioned above):

1908: The Home Counties Division of the Territorial Force comprised units recruiting in Middlesex, Kent, Surrey and Sussex.
1920: The London and Home Counties Electricity District consisted of the counties of London and Middlesex; and parts of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent and Surrey.
1924: The London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee, covering the London Traffic Area: London, Middlesex, and parts of Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent and Surrey.
1926: The Home Counties (Music and Dancing) Licensing Act regulated activities in all parts of Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent and Surrey within 20 miles of the City of London or City of Westminster.
1938: Green Belt (London and Home Counties) Act limited development in parts of Middlesex, Kent, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Essex, Berkshire and Hertfordshire.
1948: The Home Counties Brigade was formed to administer the infantry regiments of the City and County of London, Kent, Middlesex, Surrey and Sussex.

County	1920 London and Home Counties Electricity District	1924 London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee	1995 Valuation Office Rating Manual
Bedfordshire
Berkshire	(part)
Buckinghamshire	(part)	(part)
Cambridgeshire			(part)
Dorset			(part)
Essex	(part)	(part)
Hampshire
Hertfordshire	(part)	(part)
Kent	(part)	(part)
Middlesex			Abolished from official use in 1965
Oxfordshire			(part)
Surrey	(part)	(part)
Sussex (East & West)

References

^ Quoted in Oxford English Dictionary.
^ Stanford, William. (1912) (Ed.) Bacon's Large Scale Atlas of London and Suburbs. London: George Washington Bacon. In Ann Sunders (Ed.) (2007) The A to Z of Edwardian London. London: London Topographical Society. ISBN 0902087533
^ Brewers Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. 16th edition. London: Cassell, 1999, p. 769. ISBN 0304350966
^ "Home Counties" in Oxford Dictionary of English, Oxford University Press, 2010. www.oxfordreference.com Retrieved 4 December 2013.
^ The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981, p. 180. ISBN 0192129708
^ Brewer’s, p. 583.
^ Urdang, Laurence. (1987) Names & nicknames of places and things. London: Grafton, p. 146. ISBN 0246132469
^ Urdang, 1987, p. 278.
^ Britain's richest towns: 10 - 1 The Telegraph, 19 April 2008.
^ 1851 Post Office Directory of the Six Home Counties covered Essex, Herts, Kent, Middlesex, Surrey and Sussex.

External links

The Association of British Counties

[1] Quoted in Oxford English Dictionary.

[2] Stanford, William. (1912) (Ed.) Bacon's Large Scale Atlas of London and Suburbs. London: George Washington Bacon. In Ann Sunders (Ed.) (2007) The A to Z of Edwardian London. London: London Topographical Society. ISBN 0902087533

[brew-3] Brewers Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. 16th edition. London: Cassell, 1999, p. 769. ISBN 0304350966

[4] "Home Counties" in Oxford Dictionary of English, Oxford University Press, 2010. www.oxfordreference.com Retrieved 4 December 2013.

[5] The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981, p. 180. ISBN 0192129708

[6] Brewer’s, p. 583.

[Urdang-7] Urdang, Laurence. (1987) Names & nicknames of places and things. London: Grafton, p. 146. ISBN 0246132469

[8] Urdang, 1987, p. 278.

[9] Britain's richest towns: 10 - 1 The Telegraph, 19 April 2008.

[10] 1851 Post Office Directory of the Six Home Counties covered Essex, Herts, Kent, Middlesex, Surrey and Sussex.

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