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Demographics of Tajikistan

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Tajikistan's population and rural population 1958-2005 (millions).
A Tajik man in traditional headgear (2005).
A Tajik woman and her son.

The Demographics of Tajikistan is about the demographic features of the population of Tajikistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

Tajikistan's main ethnic group are the Tajiks Persians, with minorities such as the Uzbeks and Kyrgyz, and a small Russian minority. Because not everyone in Tajikistan is an ethnic Tajik, the non-Tajik citizens of the country are referred to as Tajikistani. The official nationality of any person from Tajikistan is a Tajikistani, while the ethnic Tajik majority simply call themselves Tajik.

Contemporary Tajiks are an Iranian people and ethnic Persians. In particular, they are descended from ancient Eastern Iranian peoples of Central Asia, such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians as well as non-Iranian peoples.[1]

Until the 20th century, people in the region used two types of distinction to identify themselves: way of life - either nomadic or sedentary - and place of residence. By the late nineteenth century, the Tajik and Uzbek peoples, who had lived in proximity for centuries and often used each other's languages, did not perceive themselves as two distinct nationalities. The modern labels were imposed artificially when Central Asia was divided into five Soviet republics in the 1920s.[1]

Historically, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were also home to Bukharan Jews, who trace their ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel taken captive by the Babylonians in the 7th century BC, but almost no Bukharian Jews are left in Tajikistan.[2]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook,[3] unless otherwise indicated.

Ethnic groups

Two young Tajik women

Ethnic makeup according to the population censuses from 1926 to 2000 (in thousands)[4][5][6]
Note: The category Tajiks also includes approximately 135,000 ethnic Pamiris, of which 65% are Shughni speakers, 13% are Rushani speakers, 12% speak Wakhi, 5% are Bartangi speakers, 3% are Yazgulyami speakers, 1.5% speak Khufi, and 0.8% are Ishkashimi speakers. In addition there are 5,000 speakers of Yagnobi. According to the 2000 census, excluding the people whose native languages are Pamiri or Yagnobi, Tajiks account for 77.6% of the population.

Population of Tajikistan according to ethnic group 1926–2000
Ethnic
group
census 19261 census 19392 census 19593 census 19704 census 19795 census 19896 census 2000 census 20108
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Tajiks 617,125 74.6 883,966 59.5 1,051,164 53.1 1,629,920 56.2 2,237,048 58.8 3,172,420 62.3 4,898,400 79.9 6,373,834 84.3
Yagnobi 1,829 0.2
Uzbeks 175,627 21.2 353,478 23.8 454,433 23.0 665,662 23.0 873,199 22.9 1,197,841 23.5 1,012,5007 16.5 1,046,6479 13.8
Kyrgyz 11,410 1.4 27,968 1.9 25,635 1.3 35,485 1.2 48,376 1.3 63,832 1.3 65,500 1.1 60,715 0.8
Russians 5,638 0.7 134,916 9.1 262,610 13.3 344,109 11.9 395,089 10.4 388,481 7.6 68,200 1.1 34,838 0.5
Turkmen 4,148 0.5 4,040 0.3 7,115 0.4 11,043 0.4 13,991 0.4 20,487 0.4 20,300 0.3 15,171 0.2
Tatars 950 0.1 18,296 1.2 56,893 2.9 70,803 2.4 79,529 2.1 79,442 1.6 19,000 0.3 6,495 0.1
Arabs 3,260 0.4 2,290 0.2 1,297 0.1 248 0.0 176 0.0 276 0.0 14,500 0.2 4,184 0.1
Others 7,180 0.9 60,137 4.0 120,750 6.1 142,332 4.9 158,812 4.2 169,824 3.3 29,100 0.5 22,618 0.3
Total 827,167 1,485,091 1,979,897 2,899,602 3,806,220 5,092,603 6,127,500 7,564,502
1 Source: [1]. 2 Source: [2]. 3 Source: [3]. 4 Source: [4]. 5 Source: [5]. 6 Source: [6] 7 including 51,000 Lakai, 15,100 Kongrat, 4,900 Katagan, 3,700 Barlos and 1,100 Yuz. 8 Source: [7], p. 7. 9 including 65,555 Lakai, 38,078 Kongrat, 7,601 Katagan, 5,271 Barlos and 3,798 Yuz .

Languages

Several dialects of Persian (Central Asian dialects of Persian) are spoken in Tajikistan and it is its official language (officially referred to as Tajik).[7] Russian is widely used in both government and business. The different ethnic minorities speak different languages, for instance Uzbek Turkmen, Kyrgyz and Khowar.[8] In the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Shughni as well as other Pamir languages are spoken. In the northern Yaghnob valley, the Yaghnobi language is still spoken.

Religion

A religious scholar from Tajikistan (2005)

Population

7,349,145 (2009 est.)

8,610,000 (2015) [9]

Age structure

0–14 years: 34.3% (male 1,282,681/female 1,238,607)
15–64 years: 62.1% (male 2,260,552/female 2,303,034)
65 years and over: 3.6% (male 112,334/female 151,937) (2009 est.)

Population growth rate

1.88% (2009 est.)

2.21% (2013-2014 est.) (source:www.stat.tj)

Net migration rate

-1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 65.33 years
male: 62.29 years
female: 68.52 years (2009 est.)

Education

Education is required through high school (12 years of schooling) but completion rate is under 90%;

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.5%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.2% (2000 census)

Vital statistics

UN estimates[10]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
1950-1955 74 000 20 000 54 000 44.7 12.2 32.5 6.00 160.0
1955-1960 89 000 26 000 63 000 46.1 13.4 32.7 6.20 151.1
1960-1965 111 000 30 000 81 000 48.5 13.1 35.3 6.30 142.3
1965-1970 110 000 30 000 80 000 40.5 11.1 29.4 6.72 133.4
1970-1975 127 000 30 000 97 000 39.7 9.4 30.3 6.83 124.6
1975-1980 138 000 33 000 105 000 37.2 8.9 28.4 5.90 115.7
1980-1985 164 000 34 000 130 000 38.6 8.0 30.6 5.54 106.9
1985-1990 198 000 34 000 164 000 40.2 7.0 33.2 5.41 98.0
1990-1995 206 000 52 000 154 000 37.2 9.4 27.7 4.88 88.2
1995-2000 195 000 49 000 146 000 32.7 8.2 24.5 4.29 79.6
2000-2005 185 000 45 000 140 000 29.4 7.1 22.2 3.81 63.0
2005-2010 187 000 43 000 144 000 28.1 6.4 21.6 3.45 56.0
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Births and deaths[11][12]

Average population (x 1000) Live births in thousands Deaths in thousands Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) TFR
1950 1531,7 46,571 12,543 34,028 30.4 8.2 22.2
1951 1586,8 48,407 12,384 36,023 30.5 7.8 22.7
1952 1642,5 54,931 12,562 42,369 33.4 7.6 25.8
1953 1685,8 54,697 14,530 40,167 32.4 8.6 23.8
1954 1731,7 56,946 13,045 43,901 32.9 7.5 25.4
1955 1782,8 60,335 15,812 44,523 33.8 8.9 25.0
1956 1838,4 62,960 10,894 52,066 34.2 5.9 28.3
1957 1900,4 62,966 10,838 52,128 33.1 5.7 27.4
1958 1955,0 56,826 11,548 45,278 29.1 5.9 23.2
1959 2011,4 60,978 11,024 49,954 30.3 5.5 24.8
1960 2082,5 69,715 10,670 59,045 33.5 5.1 28.4
1961 2165,9 73,653 11,035 62,618 34.0 5.1 28.9
1962 2255,9 75,909 13,001 62,908 33.6 5.8 27.8
1963 2341,8 80,733 13,042 67,691 34.5 5.6 28.9
1964 2426,1 84,300 13,132 71,168 34.7 5.4 29.3
1965 2512,4 92,448 16,474 75,974 36.8 6.6 30.2
1966 2594,2 91,825 15,491 76,334 35.4 6.0 29.4
1967 2673,8 93,988 17,546 76,442 35.2 6.6 28.6
1968 2761,0 101,462 16,577 84,885 36.7 6.0 30.7
1969 2851,5 98,831 17,390 81,441 34.7 6.1 28.6
1970 2942,1 102,201 18,686 83,515 34.8 6.4 28.4
1971 3044,4 111,839 17,173 94,666 36.8 5.7 31.1
1972 3148,2 111,069 19,895 91,174 35.3 6.3 29.0
1973 3244,4 115,157 23,343 91,814 35.5 7.2 28.3
1974 3344,8 123,338 24,923 98,415 36.9 7.5 29.4
1975 3446,6 127,464 27,965 99,499 37.0 8.1 28.9
1976 3549,3 135,243 30,101 105,142 38.2 8.5 29.7
1977 3652,9 132,875 32,110 100,765 36.4 8.8 27.6
1978 3752,7 140,622 31,048 109,574 37.5 8.3 29.2
1979 3852,2 145,431 29,822 115,609 37.8 7.7 30.1
1980 3954,5 146,422 31,830 114,592 37.0 8.0 29.0
1981 4060,4 155,508 31,637 123,871 38.3 7.8 30.5
1982 4173,2 159,571 32,053 127,518 38.2 7.7 30.5
1983 4293,1 164,710 32,553 132,157 38.3 7.6 30.7
1984 4419,9 176,197 32,872 143,325 39.8 7.4 32.4
1985 4558,1 182,716 32,014 150,702 40.0 7.0 33.0
1986 4707,9 198,647 31,993 166,654 42.1 6.8 35.3
1987 4861,6 204,450 33,543 170,907 41.9 6.9 35.0
1988 5013,0 201,864 35,334 166,530 40.2 7.0 33.2
1989 5165,9 200,430 33,395 167,035 38.7 6.5 32.3
1990 5302,4 205,813 33,020 172,793 38.8 6.2 32.6
1991 5433,3 212,598 33,067 179,531 39.1 6.1 33.0
1992 5536,4 179,534 36,718 142,816 32.4 6.6 25.8
1993 5573,4 186,504 49,326 137,178 33.5 8.9 24.6
1994 5606,8 191,596 39,943 151,653 34.2 7.1 27.0
1995 5667,7 193,182 34,274 158,908 34.1 6.0 28.0
1996 5735,3 172,341 31,792 140,549 30.0 5.5 24.5
1997 5822,5 178,127 28,710 149,417 30.6 4.9 25.7
1998 5938,6 185,733 27,397 158,336 31.3 4.6 26.7
1999 6064,1 180,888 25,495 155,393 29.8 4.2 25.6
2000 6196,5 167,246 29,387 137,859 27.0 4.7 22.3
2001 6317,9 171,623 32,015 139,608 27.2 5.1 22.1
2002 6429,2 175,599 31,142 144,457 27.3 4.8 22.4
2003 6543,0 177,938 33,185 144,753 27.1 5.1 22.0
2004 6658,9 179,563 29,741 149,822 26.8 4.4 22.3
2005 6780,6 180,790 31,520 149,270 26.4 4.6 21.8
2006 6903,9 186,463 31,990 154,473 26.7 4.6 22.1
2007 7031,2 200,010 33,686 166,324 28.1 4.7 23.3
2008 7173,8 203,332 31,996 171,336 27.9 4.4 23.5
2009 7334,1 199,826 32,332 167,504 26.8 4.3 22.5
2010 7519,3 239,805 33,343 206,462 31.7 4.4 27.3
2011 7714,2 224,178 33,855 190,323 29.1 4.4 24.7
2012 7897,3 219,281 33,972 185,309 27.8 4.3 23.5
2013 8074,3 209,417 31,706 177,711 25.9 3.9 22.0
2014 8246.0 229 460 32 879 196 581 27.8 4.0 23.8 2.98

Fertility Rate (The Demographic Health Survey) [13]

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
2012 33,9 3,8 (3,3) 28,9 3,3 (2,9) 35,6 3,9 (3,4)

Population pyramids[14]

Estimates (01/07/2012)

Estimates (01/07/2012) :

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 3 987 517 3 909 796 7 897 313 100
0-4 555 543 522 110 1 077 653 13.65
5-9 437 711 414 701 852 412 10.79
10-14 440 884 419 105 859 989 10.89
15-19 436 357 420 499 856 856 10.85
20-24 429 738 424 831 854 569 10.82
25-29 363 432 358 886 722 318 9.15
30-34 271 966 265 850 537 816 6.81
35-39 225 366 227 780 453 146 5.74
40-44 202 816 208 317 411 132 5.21
45-49 181 790 189 145 370 934 4.70
50-54 156 158 160 512 316 669 4.01
55-59 100 176 104 798 204 974 2.60
60-64 64 192 67 836 132 028 1.67
65-69 36 014 33 300 69 314 0.88
70-74 38 813 38 360 77 172 0.98
75-79 24 913 28 119 53 032 0.67
80-84 14 691 16 110 30 801 0.39
85-89 5 432 6 682 12 114 0.15
90-94 1 211 2 114 3 324 0.04
95-99 268 491 758 0.01
100+ 52 257 309 <0.01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 1 434 138 1 355 916 2 790 054 35.33
15-64 2 431 985 2 428 447 4 860 432 61.55
65+ 121 394 125 433 246 827 3.13
Estimates (01/07/2013)

Estimates (01/07/2013) :

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 4 078 857 3 995 409 8 074 266 100
0-4 564 736 528 451 1 093 187 13.54
5-9 453 224 428 754 881 978 10.92
10-14 437 293 415 432 852 725 10.56
15-19 440 389 422 520 862 909 10.69
20-24 428 230 422 055 850 284 10.53
25-29 382 376 379 040 761 416 9.43
30-34 286 675 279 681 566 356 7.01
35-39 230 478 231 505 461 983 5.72
40-44 206 328 211 812 418 139 5.18
45-49 184 234 191 988 376 222 4.66
50-54 163 910 168 577 332 487 4.12
55-59 108 532 113 347 221 879 2.75
60-64 69 788 74 346 144 133 1.79
65-69 37 799 36 790 74 589 0.92
70-74 37 495 36 388 73 883 0.92
75-79 25 173 28 084 53 256 0.66
80-84 14 482 16 838 31 319 0.39
85-89 6 091 7 046 13 136 0.16
90-94 1 301 2 108 3 408 0.04
95-99 262 434 696 0.01
100+ 69 218 287 <0.01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 1 455 253 1 372 637 2 827 890 35.02
15-64 2 500 932 2 494 866 4 995 798 61.87
65+ 122 672 127 906 250 578 3.10

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Library of Congress Country Studies - Tajikistan - Historical & Ethnic Background - 1996
  2. ^ http://www.scpr.org/blogs/newmedia/2012/07/31/9242/alaev-family-bringing-jewish-music-bukhara-skirbal/
  3. ^ "Central Asia  :: TAJIKISTAN". CIA The World Factbook.
  4. ^ Results of the 2000 population census in Tajikistan. Template:Webcite
  5. ^ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2013). "Fertility changes in Central Asia since 1980". Asian Population Studies. 9 (1): 50–77. doi:10.1080/17441730.2012.752238.
  6. ^ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2015). "Explaining recent fertility increase in Central Asia". Asian Population Studies. Routledge. doi:10.1080/17441730.2015.1027275.
  7. ^ Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, November 6, 1994, Article 2.
  8. ^ "Ethnologue report for Languages of Tajikistan". SIL International. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  9. ^ De Wulf, Martin. "Population Pyramid". http://populationpyramid.net/tajikistan/2015/. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  10. ^ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived 2011-05-06 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Official Tajikistan Government Statistic
  12. ^ Естественное движение населения республик СССР, 1935 [Natural population growth of the Republics of the USSR, 1935] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ http://www.dhsprogram.com/
  14. ^ "Demographic Yearbook". UN Data. United Nations. Retrieved 4 December 2015.