Meland
Meland Municipality
Meland kommune | |
|---|---|
 View of the mountain Eldsfjellet in northern Meland | |
 Flag | |
 Hordaland within Norway | |
 Meland within Hordaland | |
| Coordinates: 60°33′51″N 05°07′07″E / 60.56417°N 5.11861°E | |
| Country | Norway |
| County | Hordaland |
| District | Nordhordland |
| Administrative centre | Frekhaug |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2007) | Nils Marton Aadland (H) |
| Area | |
• Total | 92.59 km2 (35.75 sq mi) |
| • Land | 87.54 km2 (33.80 sq mi) |
| • Water | 5.05 km2 (1.95 sq mi) |
| • Rank | #391 in Norway |
| Population (2014) | |
• Total | 7,544 |
| • Rank | #142 in Norway |
| • Density | 86.2/km2 (223/sq mi) |
| • Change (10 years) |  +29% |
| Demonym | Melandsbu[1] |
| Official language | |
| • Norwegian form | Nynorsk |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | NO-1256[3] |
| Website | Official website |
Meland is a municipality in the Nordhordland district of Hordaland county, Norway. The municipality lies about 30 minutes north of the city of Bergen in Western Norway. The island municipality sits mostly on the island of Holsnøy, where the administrative centre of Frekhaug is located. Other villages in Meland include Hjartås, Holme, Io, Krossneset, Meland, and Rossland.
General information
On 15 October 1923, the western part of the municipality of Alversund was separated to create the new municipality of Meland. Meland was one of many municipalities in Norway that were created for geographical reasons: Meland was separated from the rest of Alversund by the Radfjorden, and transportation between the different parts of the municipality was unreliable and time-consuming. The creation of the municipality was approved in 1922, and the first election for the municipal council was held 23 August 1923, with the municipality becoming official on 15 October 1923. Meland encompassed the southern two-thirds of the island of Holsnøy (the northern third belonged to Herdla municipality), a small area on the northeast coast of the island of Askøy, as well as some very small surrounding islands.[4]
In 1962, the Schei Committee concluded its survey of the organization of Norway's municipalities. The committee recommended enlarging Meland municipality by transferring the northern part of Holsnøy and the minor island of Øpsøy (population: 811) from Herdla municipality to Meland, and the island of Flatøy (population: 166) was transferred from Hamre municipality to Meland. Simultaneously, Meland would lose the parts of the municipality located on the island of Askøy and that area would go to Askøy municipality. Hordaland county approved the move, and the border changes came into effect on 1 January 1964.[5] A proposal to change the name of Meland municipality to "Holsenøy" was rejected.[6] Hamre and Herdla municipalities ceased to exist, and their territory was divided between the municipalities of Lindås, Osterøy, and Meland, and Askøy, Øygarden, and Meland, respectively.[7][8]
Name
The municipality is named after the old Meland farm in the south-central part of the island of Holsnøy. The Old Norse name of the farm was "Meðalland". "Meðal" means "middle" while "land" means "farm" or "land",[9] so that the name as a whole roughly means "the farm that is located in the middle (of the island)".[10]
Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times; they were granted on 15 May 1987. The arms show a local type of auger which is used in carpentry. In the 1850s, auger manufacturing started in the municipality, and the local drills were considered to be high quality. The auger is gray and it is on a red background.[11]
Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Meland. It is part of the Nordhordland deanery in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.
| Parish (Sokn) | Church Name | Location of the Church | Year Built |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meland | Meland Church | Meland | 1866 |
Geography
Meland consists of a number of islands. The largest is Holsnøy, which has an area of 89 square kilometres (34 sq mi), out of a total area of 93 square kilometres (36 sq mi) for the entire municipality. Holsnøy is located between the island of Radøy and the Lindås peninsula to its north, the Åsane peninsula in Bergen to its east, the island of Askøy to its south, and the archipelago of Øygarden to its west. It is surrounded by fjords, namely (clockwise from north) Mangerfjorden, Radfjorden, Salhusfjorden, Herdlefjorden, and Hjeltefjorden. The second largest island in the municipality is Flatøy, located west of Holsnøy. The municipality also encompasses a number of minor islands.[10]
The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Frekhaug, which is its largest settlement. Frekhaug is located in the south-eastern part of Holsnøy, and its urban area had a population of 1649 as of 2012. An additional two urban areas are located in the municipality: Krossneset on Flatøy (population 468) and Holme (population 663).[12]
Transport
As an island municipality, the road network of Meland depends upon bridges to connect it to the mainland. The Nordhordland Bridge, which spans the Salhusfjorden between Flatøy and Klauvaneset in Bergen, connects Meland to the mainland. The bridge is the main road northwards from Bergen, and is part of European route E39. The Krossnessundet Bridge, which is part of Fv 564, connects Flatøy to Holsnøy, the largest island of the municipality. The Krossnessundet Bridge opened in 1977,[13] while the Nordhordland Bridge dates from 1994.[14] The Hagelsund Bridge connects the island of Flatøy to Knarvik on the Lindås peninsula to the east.
History
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1951 | 1,930 | — |
| 1960 | 1,721 | −10.8% |
| 1970 | 2,694 | +56.5% |
| 1980 | 3,508 | +30.2% |
| 1990 | 4,534 | +29.2% |
| 2000 | 5,353 | +18.1% |
| 2010 | 6,613 | +23.5% |
| 2014 | 7,544 | +14.1% |
| Source: Statistics Norway. | ||
Meland has several traces of early settlement, including remnants of stone houses, terraced walls, and farms. Holmeknappen (from the 18th century) was restored in 1992, and it includes equipment for barrel production and salting herring. Meland has been a church site since the mid-13th century. The stave church on this site was in use until 1616 when a new wooden church was built on the same site. That church was demolished in 1816 and the new (present) Meland Church was erected in 1816.[15]
Government
All municipalities in Norway, including Meland, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor.
Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Meland is made up of 27 representatives that are elected to every four years. For 2011–2015, the party breakdown is as follows:[16]
| Party name (in Nynorsk) | Number of representatives | |
|---|---|---|
| Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) | 5 | |
| Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) | 4 | |
| Green Party (Miljøpartiet Dei Grøne) | 1 | |
| Conservative Party (Høgre) | 6 | |
| Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) | 3 | |
| Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 4 | |
| Liberal Party (Venstre) | 2 | |
| Local List(s) (Lokale lister) | 2 | |
| Total number of members: | 27 | |
References
- ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
- ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
- ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (2023-01-26). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
- ^ Flatøy, Olav (1973). Meland kommune gjennom 50 år : 1923-1973 (in Norwegian). Meland: Meland kommune. pp. 23–26. ISBN 82-990268-0-6.
- ^ Juvkam, Dag (May 1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
- ^ Flatøy, Olav (1973). Meland kommune gjennom 50 år : 1923-1973 (in Norwegian). Meland: Meland kommune. pp. 60–61. ISBN 82-990268-0-6.
- ^ Flatøy, Olav (1973). Meland kommune gjennom 50 år : 1923-1973 (in Norwegian). Meland: Meland kommune. pp. 15–17. ISBN 82-990268-0-6.
- ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå.
- ^ Stemshaug, Ola; Sandnes, Jørn; Aune, Kolbjørn (1990). Norsk stadnamnleksikon (in Norwegian) (3 ed.). Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget. p. 218. ISBN 82-521-3477-7.
- ^ a b Hartvedt, Gunnar Hagen (1994). "Meland". Bergen Byleksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. p. 35. ISBN 82-573-0485-9.
- ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
- ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå (1 January 2012). "Urban settlements. Population and area, by municipality".
- ^ Kortner, Olaf; Munthe, Preben; Tveterås, Egil (1994). Aschehoug og Gyldendals store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Vol. K–Lat. Aschehoug, Gyldendal. p. 529. ISBN 82-573-0583-9.
- ^ "Structurae [en]: Nordhordland Bridge (1994)". Structurae. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
- ^ Store norske leksikon. "Meland" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2014-04-20.
- ^ "Members of the local councils, by party/electoral lists and municipality" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway. 2011.
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