Big Brother (franchise)
Big Brother is a popular reality television format, where for around three months, a number of contestants (normally fewer than fifteen at any one time) try to avoid periodic publicly-voted evictions from a communal house and hence win a cash prize. The show, a kind of 'real life soap', was invented by the Dutchman John de Mol and developed by his production company, Endemol. It has been a prime-time hit in almost 70 different countries, earning Endemol large sums of money. The show's name comes from George Orwell's 1949 novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, in which Big Brother is the all-seeing leader of the dystopian Oceania.
Format
The first series of Big Brother was aired in the Netherlands in September 1999, and the show was subsequently adapted to virtually every other part of the world. Though each country has made its own adaptations and changes to the format, the general concept has stayed the same: "housemates" are confined to a specially designed house where their every action is recorded by cameras and microphones at all times; and these housemates are not permitted any contact with the outside world. The housemates are allowed no television or radio, means of contacting the outside world, or other media; not even writing material. Private chats with a psychologist are a special exception, and are always allowed at any time, often by means of a telephone in the Diary Room. At regular intervals, normally once weekly, the public is invited to vote to have a housemate of their choice evicted from the House. In some cases, two housemates may be evicted simultaneously (a "double eviction"), or rarely, no housemates will be removed for that week. At the end of the game, the last remaining housemate is declared winner of that particular series, and receives prizes; often including a large amount of money, a car, a holiday, and in some editions, a house.
Besides the same living together, which is the principal axis and major attraction of the contest, this one turns concerning 4 basic props: the stripped-bare back to basics environment in which they live, the evictions system, the weekly tasks set by Big Brother, and the "diary room", in which the housemates individually convey their thoughts, feelings, frustrations and their eviction nominees.
In the first of most Big Brother seasons, the House that the housemates had to live in for the duration of the competition was very basic. Although essential amenities such as running water, furniture and a limited ration of food were provided, luxury items were often forbidden. This added an element of survival into the show, thus increasing the potential for tensions within the house. Now almost every country has a modern house for the contest, with a jacuzzi, a sauna, a VIP suite, a loft, and other luxuries.
The housemates are required to do any housework as they see fit, and are set tasks by the producers of the show, who communicate with the housemates via the omnipresent authority figure known only to them as "Big Brother". The tasks set are designed to test their team-working abilities and community spirit, and in some countries the housemates' shopping budget or weekly allowance often depends on the outcome of any set tasks. The housemates have a weekly allowance with which they can buy food and other essentials.
At regular intervals, the housemates each privately nominate a number of fellow housemates that they wish to see evicted from the house. The housemates with the most nomination points are then named announced, and viewers are given the opportunity to vote for whom they wish to see evicted.
After the votes are tallied, the "evictee" leaves the house and is interviewed live by the host of the show, usually in front of a live studio audience.
The series is notable for involving the Internet. Although the show typically broadcasts daily updates in the evening, sometimes criticised for its heavy editing, viewers can also watch a continuous, 24-hour feed from multiple cameras on the web. These websites were highly successful, even after some national series started charging for access to the video stream. In some countries, the Internet broadcasting was supplemented by updates via email, WAP and SMS. The House is even shown live on satellite television (with a 10-15 minute delay to permit muting of unacceptable content in the UK).
Despite derision from many intellectuals and other critics, the show has been a commercial success around the world. Criticisms typically are based on the ironic aspects of George Orwell's dystopic vision of Nineteen Eighty-Four being consciously aped by producers for public entertainment. More generally, the voyeuristic nature of the show, where contestants volunteer to surrender their privacy in return for minor celebrity status and a comparatively small cash prize, has attracted much scorn.
While any pretences to be a cultural experiment are dubious, reports of the different results of the show around the world have been mildly interesting from a pop-anthropology standpoint. Some versions have been filled with sex-crazed housemates, whereas others decided to base the conflict within their programs around difficult or romantic personalities, as in Brazil, Mexico, Thailand, Philippines or Spain. With the passing of time, it has been demonstrated that the most successful versions were the ones that emulated a soap opera, whereas the versions where the principal attraction was sex have been eliminated, as in Hungary or Poland. The amount of sex shown on the televised versions around the world depends on local and national television censorship rules, with some countries editing out all sex and nudity, while others broadcast what is considered to be borderline pornography.
Some peculiarities
- In France and Canada, the format has been developed using couples. Twelve single people stay in the same house until only the winning couple are left.
- Big Brother USA currently uses a different set of rules from the other countries' versions of the show, as it has starting with its second season (the first season followed the traditional format) In the US version, viewers do not vote for eviction; all voting is done by houseguests. Public voting is limited to periodic "America's Choice" votes, with the public deciding who gets typically minor prizes such as phone call from home, or a walk-on appearance in a television show. In season 6, however, the public was allowed to vote one of the evicted contestants back into the house. Also, the nominations are done by one houseguest, the HoH (Head of Household). The US Big Brother also introduced the Power of Veto, with a houseguest having power to save a housemate from the nominations. It's been adapted in Brazil and since then some countries modified their nominations rules.
- The third Dutch edition introduced the notion of "The Battle", in which the house is separated into a luxurious half and a poor half, with two teams of housemates constantly fighting for time in the luxurious half. Separated houses have also been used in Spain, Australia, Italy, Poland, Denmark, Slovakia, Greece, UK, Scandinavia, Sweden, Norway and Germany. Australia, Italy and Mexico added punishment zones to their houses.
- The fifth UK edition introduced the "Evil" touch, where the Big Brother voice became almost a villain. He was establishing punishments and was proposing hard tasks and secret tricks. This was also seen in Australia, Spain, Canada, Thailand, Italy, Scandinavia, Greece, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Pacific, Belgium and Mexico.
- The fifth German edition, running for a full year, separated the contestants into three teams (rich, regular, survivor) and equivalent living areas. The sixth season was running in a small artificial town denominated "Das Dorf" and was the first version which had no time limit.
- The fourth Greek season introduced a new element: the mother. In Big Mother nine houseguests take part in the game with their mothers, with whom they must coexist during the contest. The "mamas" were not able to win the prize but they would stay with their children until their eviction. However, this proved to be a failure with the show's audience and the show switched back to the traditional Big Brother format in mid-season.
- There are five special pan-regional versions of Big Brother. All these follow the normal Big Brother rules with the exception that contestants come from different countries in the region where it airs:
- Africa: Angola, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
- Balkans: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia.
- Middle East: Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria and Tunisia.
- Pacific: Chile, Ecuador and Peru.
- Scandinavia: Sweden and Norway.
- Also in different countries, there is a spin-off called Big Brother VIP (Belgium, Brazil -planned-, Bulgaria, Denmark, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain) / Celebrity Big Brother (Australia, India -planned-, Philippines, South Africa and UK). In this occasion, the housemates are local celebrities and sometimes the prize is destined to a charity project. The rest of the format rules use to be the same as the ones from the original version. In 2006 a new variant appeared in the Netherlands, Hotel Big Brother: A group of celebrity hoteliers and a Big Boss run a hotel, collecting money for charity without nominations, evictions or winner.
- Other special versions:
- Big Brother: Ty wybierasz (Big Brother: You Decide - Poland, 2001). A group of people living together and competing for a pair of spots in the next regular season.
- Big Brother, Tilbake I Huset (Big Brother, Back In The House - Norway, 2001). The BB1 Norway housemates living together again. They also welcome 4 new housemates, who are competing for a spot in the next regular season.
- Big Brother Stjärnveckan (Big Brother, Week Of Stars - Sweden, 2002); Big Brother, Reality All Star (Denmark, 2004). Season with contestants from several reality shows, including Big Brother.
- Teen Big Brother (United Kingdom, 2003; Philippines, 2006). Teenage houseguests competing in a BB house.
- Big Brother, All Star (Belgium, 2003; United States, 2006). Big Brother where all the housemates come from previous seasons of the contest.
- Big Brother Proba (Big Brother Try Out - Serbia, 2006). Twelve Serbian contestants competing for a spot in the next Big Brother Balkans season.
Big Brother around the world
| Region | Local name Official website |
Channel | Winners |
| Africa [1] | Big Brother |
M-Net |
Season 1, 2003: Cherise Makubale (Zambia) |
| Albania | Big Brother | Top-Channel |
Season 1, 2006: Upcoming season |
| Argentina[2] | Gran Hermano |
Telefe Canal 4 (Uruguay) |
Season 1, 2001: Marcelo Corazza |
| Australia | Big Brother Official website |
Network Ten |
Season 1, 2001: Ben Williams |
| Balkans[4] | Veliki Brat Official website |
Pink BiH (Bosnia-Herzegovina) Pink M (Montenegro) B92 (Serbia) |
Season 1, 2006: Current season |
| Belgium | Big Brother |
Kanaal Twee |
Season 1, 2000: Steven Spillebeen |
| Brazil | Big Brother Official website |
Globo |
Season 1, 2002: Kléber de Paula |
| Bulgaria | Big Brother Official website |
NTV |
Season 1, 2004-05: Zdravko Vasilev |
| Canada[5] | Loft Story Official website |
TQS |
Season 1, 2003: Julie Lemay & Samuel Tissot |
| Colombia | Gran Hermano |
Caracol TV |
Season 1, 2003: Mónica Tejón |
| Croatia | Big Brother Official website |
RTL |
Season 1, 2004: Saša Tkalčević |
| Czech Republic | Big Brother Velký Bratr Official website |
TV NOVA |
Season 1, 2005: David Šín |
| Denmark | Big Brother |
TV Danmark |
Season 1, 2001: Jill Liv Nielsen |
| Ecuador | Gran Hermano |
Ecuavisa |
Season 1, 2003: David Burbano |
| Finland | Big Brother Official website |
SubTV |
Season 1, 2005: Perttu Sirviö |
| France[5] | Loft Story |
M6 |
Season 1, 2001: Christophe Mercy & Loana Petrucciani |
| Germany[6] | Big Brother Official website |
RTL |
Season 1, 2000: John Milz |
| Greece[7] | Big Brother The Wall Big Mother |
ANT1 |
Season 1, 2001: Giorgos Triantafyllidis |
| Hungary | Big Brother Nagy Testvér |
TV2 |
Season 1, 2002: Éva Párkányi |
| Italy | Grande Fratello Official website |
Canale 5 |
Season 1, 2000: Cristina Plevani |
| Mexico | Big Brother Official website |
Televisa |
Season 1, 2002: Rocío Cárdenas |
| Middle East | Big Brother الرئيس Al Ra'is(The Boss) |
MBC |
Season 1, 2004: Discontinued[8] |
| Netherlands | Big Brother Official website |
Veronica Yorin Talpa |
Season 1, 1999: Bart Spring in 't Veld |
| Nigeria | Big Brother Official website |
M-Net |
Season 1, 2006: Katung Aduwak |
| Norway | Big Brother Official website |
TVN |
Season 1, 2001: Lars Joakim Ringom |
| Pacific[9] | Gran Hermano Official website |
Telesistema (Ecuador) RedTV (Chile) ATV (Peru) |
Season 1, 2005: Juan Sebastián López (Ecuador) |
| Philippines | Big Brother Official website |
ABS-CBN |
Season 1, 2005: Nene Tamayo |
| Poland | Big Brother Wielki Brat |
TVN |
Season 1, 2001: Janusz Dzięcioł |
| Portugal | Big Brother O Grande Irmão |
TVI |
Season 1, 2000-01: Zé Maria Povinho |
| Romania | Big Brother Fratele Cel Mare Official website |
PrimaTV |
Season 1, 2003: Soso Joi |
| Russia | большой брат (Big Brother) Official website |
TNT |
Season 1, 2005: Anastasia Yagaylova |
| Scandinavia[10] | Big Brother Official website Official website |
Kanal5 (Sweden) TVN (Norway) |
Season 1, 2005: Britt Goodwin (Norway) |
| Slovakia | Big Brother |
TV Markíza |
Season 1, 2005: Richard Tkáč |
| South Africa | Big Brother |
M-Net |
Season 1, 2001: Ferdinand Rabie |
| Spain | Gran Hermano Official website |
Telecinco |
Season 1, 2000: Ismael Beiro |
| Sweden | Big Brother Official website |
Kanal5 |
Season 1, 2000: Angelica Freij |
| Switzerland | Big Brother |
TV3 |
Season 1, 2000: Daniela Kanton |
| Thailand | Big Brother Official website |
iTV |
Season 1, 2005: Nipon Perktim |
| United Kingdom[11] | Big Brother Official website |
Channel 4 S4C (Wales) |
Season 1, 2000: Craig Phillips |
| United States | Big Brother Official website |
CBS Global (Canada) |
Season 1, 2000: Eddie McGee |
Big Brother facts
General
- Winners: 69 males and 46 females
- Country with most seasons: 8 started seasons, Spain
- Country with most seasons in total: 12 finished seasons, UK, (7 main, 4 Celebrity & 1 Teen)
- Country with most days with Big Brother on air: Germany, 1,142 days
- First Big Brother: Netherlands
- First contestant to be evicted: Martin Jonkman, BB1 Netherlands
- First contestant to voluntarily leave: Tara van den Bergh, BB1 Netherlands
- First replacement housemate: Mona Rooth-de Leeuw, BB1 Netherlands
- First housemates to be voted into house by the public: Anouk Drost & Cyrille van Hoof, BB1 Netherlands
- First Big Brother winner: Bart Spring in 't Veld, BB1 Netherlands
- First housemate to be nominated by 100% of the household (including herself): Despina Eftimescu, BB1 Germany
- First Big Brother with all the housemates voluntarily up for eviction: GH1 Spain
- Season with fewest contestants: 10, BB1 USA and GF1 Italy
- First contestant to be expelled by Big Brother: Nicholas Bateman, BB1 UK
- First evicted housemate voted back into the house: Marion, BB2 Germany
- First female to win Big Brother: Anjelica Freij, BB1 Sweden
- Most Big Brothers to start in a year: 22
- First Big Brother with a couple competing: Cornelius "Coco" Schmitz and Katja, BB3 Germany
- First Big Brother mole: Silvia Leder, BB3 Germany
- First contestant to participate on two different Big Brother shows: Betty Owczarek, BB1 Belgium & BBVIP1 Belgium
- First incorrect eviction: Klaudiusz Sevkowič, BB1 Poland
- Oldest Big Brother winner: Janusz Dzięcioł, 47, BB1 Poland
- First replacement housemate to win Big Brother: Marcelo Corazza, GH1 Argentina
- First Big Brother to have more than one winner: Christophe Mercy & Loana Petrucciani, LS1 France
- First Big Brother with Head Of House: BB2 USA
- Big Brother winner with the highest percentage: 90.03%, Ferdinand Rabie, BB1 South Africa
- First housemates swap: BB1 Mexico - GH3 Spain
- Most successive times up for eviction survived: 8, Kiko Hernández, GH3 Spain & Nok, BB2 Thailand -2006-
- First Big Brother with Power Of Veto: BB3 USA
- First pregnant housemate: Michelle, BB2 South Africa
- Oldest Big Brother housemate: Mihalis Apostolides, 63 years old, BB3 Greece
- First international version: BB1 Africa
- First Big Brother with ex-couple housemates: Alison & Justin, Amanda & Scott, David & Michelle, Erika & Robert, Jee & Jun, BB4 USA
- First contestant to become pregnant in the house: Sissal, BB3 Denmark
- First blood related housemates: Domenico and Ilaria Turi, father and daughter, GF4 Italy
- Only Big Brother suspended: BB1 Arabia
- Only contestant to win 2 Big Brothers: Jill Liv Nielsen, BB1 -2001- & BB Reality All Stars Denmark
- First "Evil" Big Brother: BB5 UK
- First faked eviction: Emma and Michelle, BB5 UK
- First twins competing: Natalie and Adria Montgomery, BB5 USA
- Longest Big Brother: 365 days, BB5 Germany
- Seasons with most contestants: 59, BB5 Germany & BB6 Germany
- Longest time in Big Brother house: 365 days, Sascha Sirtl and Franziska Lewandrowski, BB5 Germany
- First Big Brother village: BB6 Germany
- Highest eviction percentage: 95%, Aline Cristina, BB5 Brazil
- Shortest Big Brother: 60 days, BB3 Mexico
- First Big Brother where all the housemates have a secret playing partner: BB6 USA
- First twins to win Big Brother: Greg and David Matthew BB5 Australia
- Youngest Big Brother winner: Anastasia Yagaylova, 19 years old, BB1 Russia
- Most times up for eviction: 10, Anastasia Y., BB1 Russia; Jessica L., BB2 Scandinavia -2006- & Camilla H., BB6 Australia -2006-
- Most times up for eviction survived: 10, Anastasia Y., BB1 Russia; Jessica L., BB2 Scandinavia -2006- & Camilla H., BB6 Australia -2006-
- First Big Brother birth: Tanja Slangenberg gave birth to Joscelyn Savanna, BB5 Netherlands
- Least eviction difference: 105 votes, Markéta Zapletalíková 11% vs. Sylva Ondrušíková 11%, Markéta evicted, BB1 Czech Republic
- First Big Brother ~ Big Mother season: BB4 Greece
- First HIV-infected contestant: Kenny van Quickelberghe, BB5 Belgium
- Most successive times up for eviction: 9, Nok, BB2 Thailand
- Lowest eviction percentage with positive voting: 0,9%, Jennie Corner, BB7 UK
Near copies of Big Brother
There are a number of different formats around the globe that use rules similar to Big Brother:
The Farm, created by the Swedish producer house Strix. This is the fourth biggest 'people-living-together' reality show on Earth, only exceeded by Star Academy / Operación Triunfo (France/Spain, 2001, Endemol) broadcast in 52 countries; Survivor (Sweden, 1997, Strix), shown in 65 countries and Big Brother (The Netherlands, 1999, Endemol) emitted or planned to be emitted in 73.
- Countries: Algeria, Bahrein, Belgium, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, France, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Lybia, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Palestine, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, UK and Yemen.
The Bar, another format from Strix.
- Countries: Argentina, Cambodia -planned-, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland
Protagonistas..., a format from the Spanish producer house GloboMedia, developed by its subsidiary in America, Promofilm. It's a mixture among Big Brother and Star Academy and has had a huge success in different latin countries, as Chile, Brazil (formerly known as Casa dos Artistas), Venezuela, Colombia or Mexico. It also had its own version in Spain and in USA, for the Latin market, airing on Telemundo.
There are also some local formats that in one or other way are pretty similar with Endemol's Big Brother:
- Albania, Kafazi i Arte; Syri Magjik; To Sam Ja[12]
- Austria, Taxi Orange
- Bolivia, Uno Busca
- Bosnia, 60 Sati; To Sam Ja[12]
- Canada, Occupation Double
- Chile, La Casa
- Croatia, To Sam Ja[12]
- Czech Republic VyVolení[13]
- France, Les Colocataires; Nice People[14]
- Germany, Girls Camp[15]; Der Container Exklusiv[16]
- Hungary, Való Világ
- Indonesia, Penghuni Terakhir
- Ireland, Cabin Fever
- Israel, Project Y; The Yacht
- Korea, Twenty Eyes
- Latvia, Fabrika; Barbarossa
- Netherlands, De Bus[17]; 7 Plagen [17]; De Gouden Kooi [17]
- Norway, Singel 24-7
- Peru, La Casa De Gisela; Gran Hermano De Chollywood[18]
- Puerto Rico, 360 Estudio
- FYR Macedonia, Tom Sam Ja[12]
- Russia, 12 Negrityat; Dom; Golod; Za Steklom
- Serbia and Montenegro, To Sam Ja[12]
- Slovakia, VyVolení [13]; To Sam Ja[12]
- Spain, El Bus[17]; Hotel Glam[17]; La Casa De Tu Vida[17]
- Turkey, Biri Bizi Gözetliyor
- UK, Back To Reality
- USA, Unan1mous
- Ukraine, Dom
Notes
- ^ Pan-regional version with housemates from Angola, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The show was transmitted in whole Africa by satellite TV M-Net and also several local free-to-air channels emitted it in the countries with a housemate: BTV (Botswana), MetroTV (Ghana), KTN (Kenya), TVMalawi (Malawi), NBC (Namibia), Channel10 (Tanzania), WBS (Uganda) and ZNBC (Zambia). In Nigeria, the show was emitted by a net of local broadcasters, including MINAJ, ODTV, ESTV, RSTV, ITV, EBS, AKTV, BCOS, OGTV, PRTV, Bayelsa TV DBS CRTV, ABS, BCA, Umuahia, Taraba TV and NTA Ilorin
- ^ Also broadcast in Uruguay.
- ^ Greg Mathew had to split his prize with his twin, David, because they entered the house as one person, called Logan. Although David had been evicted they were both considered to be a single housemate and were declared joint winners.
- ^ Developed by Serbian producer house Emotion, with several Balkans countries involved: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia
- ^ a b Versions from Canada and France have two winners, a male and a female.
- ^ In 2004 edition, this was the first version to run for 365 days consecutively. The ultimate winner got a prize of 1,000,000 €. Immediately after, Big Brother VI started. This was the first version which should have no time limit. The show was called Big Brother: Das Dorf, lit. Big Brother: The Village. The set included a dummy church tower, a marketplace, 3 houses, 3 working areas (farm, car-garage, dressmaking), a matcharena, a pub and a fitness room. The season ended early after 363 days in February 2006. Big Brother Germany is also broadcast in Austria and Switzerland.
- ^ Also emitted in Cyprus.
- ^ Pan-regional version with housemates from Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria and Tunisia. Was filmed in Amwaj Island in Bahrain and broadcast in the whole Middle East. Discontinued after 10 days because of religious protests.
- ^ Made in Colombia, this is a pan-regional version with contestants from Chile, Ecuador and Peru. Its name came because all of the participating countries are in the border of the Pacific.
- ^ Co-produced version with Norway and Sweden taking part.
- ^ Also broadcast in Ireland, with phone lines open when an Irish housemate is involved in a public vote.
- ^ a b c d e f Pan-regional show with several eastern European countries taking part.
- ^ a b Adaptation of Hungary's Való Világ.
- ^ M6 channel (owner of Big Brother rights) decided not to renew their contract with Endemol, then the Dutch company sold the rights to TF1, which broadcast Nice People.
- ^ Like Big Brother, produced for SAT.1 in 2001.
- ^ An Endemol show which is identical to Big Brother. It was created just for Pay-TV, between two Big Brother seasons.
- ^ a b c d e f Produced by Endemol.
- ^ A kind of Big Brother VIP version, filmed in the house of Gran Hermano del Pacífico days before the show's premiere.