Apsilae
The Apsilae (Abkhaz Аҧстәыла; also known as Tsebelda) were an ancient tribe inhabiting the territory of Apsilia, in modern Abkhazia.[1][2]
Location
The tribal territory was located on the Black Sea coast of the northwest Caucasus, between the rivers Psirzcha (Псырцха) (near the present New Athos) and Chkhorotsqu, known also under the historical name "Tsebelda". It consisted of two historical regions - Gumae and Abzhywa. The most important cities were: Tusuml (Тусумэ), Tsibilae (Цибила), Pustae (Пуста), Zkibin (Цкыбын), Skotar (Скотор), Mokva (Моква). The capital was Sebastopolis.[3]
Identity
The Apsilae descended from the coastal part of the ancient Zygii tribes,[4] most notably the Trakhea, Tsibil and Tsakhar.[5] They may have been a Colchian tribe or an Abkhaz group. It is debated whether they were ancestors of the present-day Abkhaz (Apswa, Abkhaz Аҧсуаа) or of the Georgians.[6][7]
Their culture is known as the Tsebelda culture, marked by well-developed local manufacturing of metal products and tools.
History
The first known record of the Apsilae occurs in the writings of Pliny of the 1st century AD,[1] as well as of Flavius Arrianus in the 2nd century (Template:Lang-gr).[8] Under King Julian (Julianus) of Apsilia[9] rules and customs were first codified. The territory became an official division of the Roman Empire under Trajan (98-117).[10] It was absorbed by the surrounding, more powerful principality of the Abasgoi, in approximately 730 AD, and the Apsilae are no longer recorded after the second half of the 8th century.[2] Later, and after the inclusion of other territories and people including Misiminia, it became the Kingdom of Abkhazia.
References
- ^ a b "Апсилы". Bse.sci-lib.com. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
- ^ a b Alexander Mikaberidze (6 February 2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 130–1. ISBN 978-1-4422-4146-6.
- ^ Greek geography (1854). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: Abacaenum-Hytanis. Walton & Maberly. p. 163.
- ^ "Зихи". Bse.sci-lib.com. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
- ^ George Hewitt, "The Abkhazians: Handbook", p. 1
- ^ Graham Smith (10 September 1998). Nation-building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands: The Politics of National Identities. Cambridge University Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-521-59968-9.
- ^ Barbara A. West (19 May 2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7.
- ^ Arrian; Thomas Falconer (1805). Arrian's Voyage Round the Euxine Sea: Translated and Accompanied with a Geographical Dissertation and Maps : to which are Added Three Discourses, I. On the Trade to the East Indies by Means of the Euxine Sea, II. On the Distance which the Ships of Antiquity Usually Sailed in Twenty-four Hours, III. On the Measure of the Olympic Stadium. J. Cooke. p. 9.
- ^ Bernard William Henderson (1927). Five Roman Emperors: Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, A.D. 69-117. CUP Archive. p. 318. GGKEY:W8KJWW8LD4P.
- ^ Julian Bennett (2 September 2003). Trajan: Optimus Princeps. Routledge. p. 345. ISBN 1-134-70913-7.