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Neil Gorsuch
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
Assumed office
August 8, 2006
Nominated byGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byDavid M. Ebel
Personal details
Born
Neil McGill Gorsuch

(1967-08-29) August 29, 1967 (age 57)
Denver, Colorado, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
SpouseLouise Gorsuch
RelationsAnne Gorsuch Burford (mother)
Children2
EducationColumbia University (BA)
Harvard University (JD)
University College, Oxford (DPhil)

Neil McGill Gorsuch (/ˈɡɔːrsə/;[1] born August 29, 1967)[2] is an American federal appellate judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.[3] On February 1, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Gorsuch to be an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, to fill the seat left vacant after the death of Justice Antonin Scalia eleven months earlier.[4] Gorsuch is a proponent of textualism in statutory interpretation and originalism in interpreting the U.S. Constitution.[5][6][7]

Gorsuch clerked for Judge David B. Sentelle on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1991 to 1992, and then for U.S. Supreme Court Justices Byron White and Anthony Kennedy, from 1993 to 1994. From 1995 to 2005, Gorsuch was in private practice with the law firm of Kellogg, Huber, Hansen, Todd, Evans & Figel. Gorsuch was a Deputy Associate Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice from 2005 to his appointment to the Tenth Circuit. He graduated from Georgetown Preparatory School and earned his Bachelor of Arts from Columbia University, Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School and Doctor of Philosophy in Law from University College, Oxford. At Oxford, he was supervised by Professor John Finnis.[8][9]

Gorsuch was nominated by President George W. Bush on May 10, 2006, to replace Judge David M. Ebel, who took Senior status in 2006. Gorsuch was confirmed by voice vote by the U.S. Senate on July 20, 2006. In September 2016, during the U.S. presidential election, then-candidate Donald Trump included Gorsuch, as well as his circuit colleague Timothy Tymkovich, in a list of 21 current judges whom Trump would consider nominating to the Supreme Court if elected.

Early life and education

Gorsuch is the son of David Gorsuch and Anne Gorsuch Burford (née Anne Irene McGill; 1942–2004), a Colorado statehouse representative, who was appointed by President Ronald Reagan to be the first female Administrator of United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1981.[10][11][12] A fourth-generation Coloradan,[13] Gorsuch was born in Denver, Colorado, where he attended Christ the King, a K-12 Catholic school.[12] and later graduated from Georgetown Preparatory School, a Jesuit school in North Bethesda, Maryland, in 1985.[14][15][12][16]

He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia University in 1988, where he was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa.[2][10][17] He was also a member of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity.[18] As an undergraduate student, he wrote for the Columbia Daily Spectator student newspaper.[19][20] In 1986, he co-founded the alternative Columbia student newspaper, The Fed.[21]

Gorsuch attended Harvard Law School where he graduated cum laude in 1991 with a Juris Doctor degree.[2][10] He received a Truman Scholarship to attend.[22] While at Harvard, Gorsuch was an editor on the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy.[23] He was described as a committed conservative, who supported the Gulf War and congressional term limits, on "a campus full of ardent liberals".[24] Former President Barack Obama was one of Gorsuch's classmates at Harvard Law.[25][26][27]

He received a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Law (Legal Philosophy) from University College, Oxford in 2004 for research on assisted suicide and euthanasia.[8][2][10] He attended Oxford as a Marshall Scholar and was supervised by acclaimed natural law philosopher John Finnis.[8][6][9] While there, Gorsuch met and married his wife Louise, an Englishwoman and champion equestrienne on Oxford’s riding team.[12]

Career

Clerkships

Gorsuch served as a judicial clerk for Judge David B. Sentelle on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1991 to 1992, and then for U.S. Supreme Court Justices Byron White and Anthony Kennedy from 1993-94.[23][2][28]

Private law practice

Instead of joining an established law firm, Gorsuch decided to join the two-year old boutique firm Kellogg, Huber, Hansen, Todd, Evans & Figel. Eschewing appellate briefs, he focused on trial work.[12] After winning his first trial as lead attorney, a jury member told Gorsuch he was like Perry Mason.[12] He was an associate in the Washington, D.C., law firm from 1995-97 and a partner from 1998 to 2005.[2][29] Gorsuch’s clients included Colorado billionaire Philip Anschutz.[30]

In 2002, Gorsuch penned an op-ed criticizing the Senate for delaying the nominations of Merrick Garland and John Roberts to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, writing that "the most impressive judicial nominees are grossly mistreated" by the Senate.[31][32]

In 2005, at Kellogg Huber, Gorsuch wrote a brief denouncing class action lawsuits by shareholders. In the case of Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Broudo, Gorsuch opined that "The free ride to fast riches enjoyed by securities class action attorneys in recent years appeared to hit a speed bump" and that "the problem is that securities fraud litigation imposes an enormous toll on the economy, affecting virtually every public corporation in America at one time or another and costing businesses billions of dollars in settlements every year".[29]

U.S. Department of Justice

He served as Principal Deputy to the Associate Attorney General, Robert McCallum, at the United States Department of Justice from 2005 until 2006.[23][2] During his time at the United States Department of Justice Civil Division, Gorsuch was tasked with all the "terror litigation" arising from the President's War on Terror, successfully defending the extraordinary rendition of Khalid El-Masri, fighting the disclosure of Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse photographs, and, in November 2005, traveling to inspect the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.[33] Gorsuch helped Attorney General Alberto Gonzales prepare for hearings after the public revelation of NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07), and worked with Senator Lindsey Graham in drafting the provisions in the Detainee Treatment Act which attempted to strip federal courts of jurisdiction over the detainees.[34]

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

In January 2006, Philip Anschutz recommended Gorsuch's nomination to Colorado’s U.S. Senator Wayne Allard and While House Counsel Harriet Miers.[30] On May 10, 2006, Gorsuch was nominated by President George W. Bush to the seat on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit vacated by Judge David M. Ebel, who was taking senior status.[10] Like Gorsuch, Ebel was a former clerk of Supreme Court Justice Byron R. White. The American Bar Association's Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary unanimously rated him "well qualified" in 2006.[35][36]

Just over two months later, on July 20, 2006, Gorsuch was confirmed by unanimous voice vote in the U.S. Senate.[37][10] Gorsuch was President Bush's fifth appointment to the Tenth Circuit.[38]

When Gorsuch began his tenure at Denver's Byron White United States Courthouse, Justice Anthony Kennedy administered the oath of office.[31]

After taking office, Gorsuch has sent 10 of his law clerks on to become Supreme Court clerks, and he is sometimes regarded as a "feeder judge".[39]

During his time on the Circuit Court, since 2008, Gorsuch has been a Thomson Visiting Professor at the University of Colorado Law School, teaching one course per semester, either ethics or antitrust law.[40][41]

Freedom of religion

Gorsuch advocates a broad definition of religious freedom. In Hobby Lobby Stores v. Sebelius (2013) Gorsuch wrote a concurrence when the en banc circuit found the Affordable Care Act's contraceptive mandate on a private business violated the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.[42] That ruling was upheld 5-4 by the Supreme Court in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. (2014).[43] When a panel of the court denied similar claims under the same act in Little Sisters of the Poor Home for the Aged v. Burwell (2015), Gorsuch joined Judges Harris Hartz, Paul Joseph Kelly Jr., Timothy Tymkovich, and Jerome Holmes in their dissent to the denial of rehearing en banc.[44] That ruling was vacated and remanded to the Tenth Circuit by the per curium Supreme Court in Zubik v. Burwell (2016).[43]

In Pleasant Grove City v. Summum (2007), he joined Judge Michael W. McConnell's dissent from the denial of rehearing en banc, taking the view that the government's display of a donated Ten Commandments monument in a public park did not obligate the government to display other offered monuments.[45] Most of the dissent's view was subsequently adopted by the Supreme Court, which reversed the judgment of the Tenth Circuit.[43]

Gorsuch has written that "the law [...] doesn't just apply to protect popular religious beliefs: it does perhaps its most important work in protecting unpopular religious beliefs, vindicating this nation's long-held aspiration to serve as a refuge of religious tolerance".[46]

Administrative law

Gorsuch has called for reconsideration of Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. (1984), in which the Supreme Court instructed courts to grant deference to federal agencies' interpretation of ambiguous laws and regulations. In Gutierrez-Brizuela v. Lynch (2016), Gorsuch wrote for a unanimous panel finding that court review was required before an executive agency could reject the circuit court's interpretation of an immigration law.[47][48]

Alone, Gorsuch added a concurring opinion, criticizing Chevron deference and National Cable & Telecommunications Ass'n v. Brand X Internet Services (2005) as an "abdication of judicial duty", writing that deference is "more than a little difficult to square with the Constitution of the framers' design".[49][50]

In United States v. Hinckley (2008), Gorsuch argued that one possible reading of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act likely violates the nondelegation doctrine.[51] Antonin Scalia and Ruth Bader Ginsberg held the same view in their 2012 dissent of Reynolds v. United States.[52]

Interstate commerce

Gorsuch has been an opponent of the dormant Commerce Clause, which allows state laws to be declared unconstitutional if they too greatly burden interstate commerce. In 2011, Gorsuch joined a unanimous panel finding that the dormant Commerce Clause did not prevent the Oklahoma Water Resources Board from blocking water exports to Texas.[53] That ruling was affirmed by a unanimous Supreme Court in Tarrant Regional Water District v. Herrmann (2013).[54]

In 2013, Gorsuch joined a unanimous panel finding that federal courts could not hear a challenge to Colorado's internet sales tax.[55] That ruling was reversed by a unanimous Supreme Court in Direct Marketing Ass'n v. Brohl (2015).[54] In 2016, the Tenth Circuit panel rejected the challenger's dormant commerce clause claim, with Gorsuch writing a concurrence.[56]

In Energy and Environmental Legal Institute v. Joshua Epel (2015), Gorsuch held that Colorado's mandates for renewable energy did not violate the commerce clause by putting out-of-state coal companies at a disadvantage.[57] Gorsuch wrote that the Colorado renewable energy law "isn't a price-control statute, it doesn't link prices paid in Colorado with those paid out of state, and it does not discriminate against out-of-staters".[58][59]

Campaign finance

In Riddle v. Hickenlooper (2014), Gorsuch joined a unanimous panel of the Tenth Circuit in finding that it was unconstitutional for a Colorado law to set the limit on donations for write-in candidates at half the amount as for major party candidates.[60] Gorsuch added a concurrence where he noted that although the standard of review of campaign finance in the United States is unclear, the Colorado law would fail even under intermediate scrutiny.[61]

Civil rights

In Planned Parenthood v. Gary Herbert (2016), Gorsuch wrote for the four dissenting judges when the Tenth Circuit denied a rehearing en banc of a divided panel opinion that had ordered the Utah Governor to resume the organization’s funding, which Herbert had blocked in response to a video controversy.[62][63]

In A.M., on behalf of her minor child, F.M. v. Ann Holmes (2016), the Tenth Circuit considered a case in which a 13-year-old child was arrested for burping and laughing in gym class. The child was handcuffed and arrested based on a New Mexico statute that makes it a misdemeanor to disrupt school activities. The child's family brought a federal 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (civil rights) action against school officials and the school resource officer who made the arrest, arguing that it was a false arrest that violated the child's constitutional rights. In a 94-page majority opinion, the Tenth Circuit held that the defendants enjoyed qualified immunity from suit.

Gorsuch wrote a four-page dissent, arguing that the New Mexico Court of Appeals had "long ago alerted law enforcement" that the statute that the officer relied upon for the child's arrest does not criminalize noises or diversions that merely disturb order in a classroom.[64][65][66]

Criminal law

In 2009, Gorsuch wrote for a unanimous panel finding that a court may still order criminals to pay restitution even after it missed a statutory deadline.[67] That ruling was affirmed 5-4 by the Supreme Court in Dolan v. United States (2010).[54]

In United States of America v. Miguel Games-Perez (2012), Gorsuch ruled on a case where a felon owned a gun in a jurisdiction where gun ownership by felons is illegal; however, the felon did not know that he was a felon at the time. Gorsuch concurred with the opinion that "The only statutory element separating innocent (even constitutionally protected) gun possession from criminal conduct in §§ 922(g) and 924(a) is a prior felony conviction. So the presumption that the government must prove mens rea here applies with full force."[68]

In 2013, Gorsuch joined a unanimous panel finding that intent does not need to be proven under a bank fraud statute.[69] That ruling was affirmed by a Supreme Court unanimous in judgment in Loughrin v. United States (2014).[54]

In 2015, Gorsuch wrote a dissent to the denial of rehearing en banc when the Tenth Circuit found that a convicted sex offender had to register with Kansas after he moved to the Philippines.[70] The Tenth Circuit was then reversed by a unanimous Supreme Court in Nichols v. United States (2016).[54]

Death penalty

Gorsuch favors a strict reading of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996.[43] In 2015, he wrote for the court when it permitted Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt to order the execution of Scott Eizember, prompting a thirty-page dissent by Judge Mary Beck Briscoe.[71][72] After Oklahoma botched the execution of Clayton Lockett, Gorsuch joined Briscoe when the court unanimously allowed Attorney General Pruitt to continue using the same lethal injection protocol.[73] That ruling was upheld 5-4 by the Supreme Court in Glossip v. Gross (2015).[73]

List of judicial opinions

During his tenure on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, Judge Gorsuch has authored 212 published opinions.[74] Some of those are the following opinions:

  • United States v. Hinckley, 550 F. 3d 926 (2008) on principles of interpretation and construction of a statute, according to plain meaning and context
  • United States v. Ford, 550 F. 3d 975 (2008) on entrapment and email evidence
  • Blausey v. US Trustee, 552 F. 3d 1124 (2009) on procedure
  • Williams v. Jones, 583 F. 3d 1254 (2009) dissent, on murder and evidence
  • Wilson v. Workman, 577 F. 3d 1284 (2009) habeas corpus writ procedure
  • Fisher v. City of Las Cruces, 584 F. 3d 888 (2009) Fourth Amendment excessive force claims against police officers
  • Strickland v. United Parcel Service, Inc., 555 F. 3d 1224 (2009) on gender discrimination and harassment, arguing that if men are treated as equally badly as women, there is no claim
  • American Atheists, Inc. v. Davenport, 637 F. 3d 1095 (2010) on crosses displayed on highways
  • Flitton v. Primary Residential Mortgage, Inc. (2010) on jurisdiction over attorney fees in a gender discrimination and retaliation case
  • Laborers' International Union, Local 578 v. NLRB, 594 F. 3d 732 (2010) dismissing the union's challenge to an National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) finding that the union committed an unfair labor practice by persuading a company to dismiss a worker who did not pay union dues
  • McClendon v. City of Albuquerque, 630 F. 3d 1288 (2011) dismissing class action lawsuit over inhumane jail conditions
  • Public Service Co. of New Mexico v. NLRB, 692 F. 3d 1068 (2012) dismissing a union's claim that the NLRB was wrong to not find an unfair labor practice, when an employer dismissed a worker for deliberately disconnecting a customer's gas supply (no evidence that it treated this employee differently)
  • United States v. Games-Perez, 695 F. 3d 1104 (2012) on imprisonment without trial
  • United States v. Games-Perez, 667 F. 3d 1136 (2012) on criminal law procedure
  • Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. v. Sebelius, 723 F. 3d 1114 (2013) on the Affordable Care Act and religious freedom
  • Niemi v. Lasshofer, 728 F. 3d 1252 (2013) fugitive disentitlement doctrine
  • Riddle v. Hickenlooper, 742 F. 3d 922 (2014) stating: "No one before us disputes that the act of contributing to political campaigns implicates a 'basic constitutional freedom,' one lying 'at the foundation of a free society' and enjoying a significant relationship to the right to speak and associate—both expressly protected First Amendment activities. Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1, 26 (1976)"
  • Yellowbear v. Lampert, 741 F. 3d 48 (2014) freedom to practice religion in prison
  • Teamsters Local Union No. 455 v. NLRB, 765 F. 3d 1198 (2014) denying a labor union's claim that a lockout entitled employees to back pay, under the NLRA 1935, 29 USC § 158(a)(1)
  • United States v. Krueger, 809 F. 3d 1109 (2015) regarding the Fourth Amendment and search and seizures
  • International Union of Operating Engineers v. NLRB Nos. 14-9605, 14-9613 (2015) on NLRB's review of an unfair labor practice by a union, removing an employee from an eligible work list and refusing her the right to review
  • United States v. Arthurs (2016) evidence
  • United States v. Mitchell (2016) evidence, tracking without a warrant
  • NLRB v. Community Health Services, 812 F.3d 768 (2016) dissenting, arguing against an NLRB decision that interim earnings should not be disregarded when calculating back pay for employees whose hours were unlawfully reduced
  • TransAm Trucking v. Administrative Review Board, 833 F. 3d 1206 (2016) dissenting against the majority's judgment that an employee was unjustly dismissed.
  • Gutierrez-Brizuela v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 1142 (2016) on U.S. administrative law, doubting the doctrine of deference to the federal government by courts in Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 US 837 (1984)

Nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court

During the U.S. presidential election in September 2016, candidate Donald Trump included Gorsuch, as well as his circuit colleague Timothy Tymkovich, in a list of 21 current judges whom Trump would consider nominating to the Supreme Court if elected.[75][76] After Trump took office in January 2017, unnamed Trump advisers listed Gorsuch in a shorter list of eight of those names, who they said were the leading contenders to be nominated to replace the seat left vacant by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia.[77]

On January 31, 2017, President Trump announced his nomination of Gorsuch to the Supreme Court.[4] Gorsuch was 49 years old at the time of the nomination, making him the youngest nominee to the Supreme Court since the 1991 nomination of Clarence Thomas (who was 43).[1] It was reported by the Associated Press that, as a courtesy, Gorsuch's first call after the nomination was to Merrick Garland, President Obama's pick for the same position in 2016.[78] Trump formally transmitted the nomination to the Senate on February 1, 2017.[79]

The American Bar Association gave Gorsuch their top rating – "Well Qualified" – to serve as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.[80] His nomination is now pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee. His confirmation hearings are scheduled to start on March 20, 2017, and expected to last up to four days.[81]

Gorsuch is a proponent of originalism, the idea that the Constitution should be interpreted as perceived at the time of enactment, and of textualism, the idea that statutes should be interpreted literally, without considering the legislative history and underlying purpose of the law.[5][6][7]

Judicial activism

In a 2005 speech at Case Western Reserve University, Gorsuch said that judges should strive

"to apply the law as it is, focusing backward, not forward, and looking to text, structure, and history to decide what a reasonable reader at the time of the events in question would have understood the law to be—not to decide cases based on their own moral convictions or the policy consequences they believe might serve society best."[82]

In a 2005 article published by National Review, Gorsuch argued that "American liberals have become addicted to the courtroom, relying on judges and lawyers rather than elected leaders and the ballot box, as the primary means of effecting their social agenda" and that they are "failing to reach out and persuade the public". Gorsuch wrote that, in doing so, American liberals are circumventing the democratic process on issues like gay marriage, school vouchers, and assisted suicide, and this has led to a compromised judiciary, which is no longer independent. Gorsuch wrote that American liberals' "overweening addiction" to using the courts for social debate is "bad for the nation and bad for the judiciary".[83][37]

States' rights and federalism

Gorsuch was described by Justin Marceau, a professor at the University of Denver's Sturm College of Law, as "a predictably socially conservative judge who tends to favor state power over federal power". Marceau added that the issue of states' rights is important since federal laws have been used to reel in "rogue" state laws in civil rights cases.[84]

Assisted suicide

In July 2006, Gorsuch's book, The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, was published by Princeton University Press.[85] It was developed from his doctoral thesis.[86][8] In the book, Gorsuch makes it clear that he opposes euthanasia and assisted suicide, arguing that America should "retain existing law [banning assisted suicide and euthanasia] on the basis that human life is fundamentally and inherently valuable, and that the intentional taking of human life by private persons is always wrong."[85][46][87]

Personal life

Gorsuch and his wife, Louise, who is British, met at Oxford. They live in Boulder, Colorado and have two daughters, Emma and Belinda.[88][41][16]

Gorsuch has timeshare ownership of a cabin on the headwaters of the Colorado River outside Granby, Colorado with associates of Philip Anschutz.[30] He enjoys the outdoors and fly fishing and on at least one occasion went fly fishing with Justice Scalia.[13][89] He raises horses, chickens, and goats, and often arranges ski trips with colleagues and friends.[43]

He is the author of two books. His first book, The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, was published by Princeton University Press in July 2006.[90] He is a co-author of The Law of Judicial Precedent, published by Thomson West in 2016.[29]

Religion

The religious life of Neil Gorsuch has been influenced by the Catholic Church and Episcopal Church.[91] Neil and his siblings, brother J.J. and sister Stephanie, were raised as Roman Catholics and attended weekly Mass. Neil Gorsuch later attended Georgetown Preparatory School, a Jesuit school in North Bethesda, Maryland, from which he graduated in 1985.[92][93][12][16] Gorsuch's wife, Louise, is British-born and the two met while Neil was studying at Oxford. When the couple returned to the United States they started attending an Episcopal parish in Vienna, Virginia. Gorsuch currently attends St. John's Episcopal Church in Boulder. If Gorsuch considers himself Protestant, his confirmation would make him the first Protestant to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court since the retirement of Justice John Paul Stevens.[94][4][95] Gorsuch has not publicly stated if he considers himself a Catholic that attends a Protestant church, or if he has fully converted to Protestantism.[96] A family member of Neil Gorsuch's did state she was surprised by media reports calling him Episcopalian.[97]

Awards and honors

Gorsuch is the recipient of the Edward J. Randolph Award for outstanding service to the Department of Justice, and of the Harry S. Truman Foundation's Stevens Award for outstanding public service in the field of law.[41]

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Landler, Mark (January 31, 2017). "Trump Nominates Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court". The New York Times. New York. p. A1. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Congressional Record (Bound Volumes)". Government Printing Office. July 16, 2010 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Neil Gorsuch at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  4. ^ a b c Barnes, Robert (January 31, 2017). "Trump picks Colo. appeals court judge Neil Gorsuch for Supreme Court". Washington Post. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  5. ^ a b Totenberg, Nina (January 24, 2017). "3 Judges Trump May Nominate For The Supreme Court". NPR.
  6. ^ a b c Karl, Jonathan (January 24, 2017). "Judge Neil Gorsuch Emerges as Leading Contender for Supreme Court". ABC News.
  7. ^ a b Ponnuru, Ronesh (January 31, 2017). "Neil Gorsuch: A Worthy Heir to Scalia". National Review.
  8. ^ a b c d Gorsuch, Neil McGill (2004). The right to receive assistance in suicide and euthanasia, with particular reference to the law of the United States. ora.ox.ac.uk (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. OCLC 59196002.
  9. ^ a b "Judge Neil M. Gorsuch". Administrative Office of the United States Courts. The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  10. ^ a b c d e f "Hon. Neil Gorsuch". The Federalist Society.
  11. ^ Savage, David G. (January 24, 2017). "Conservative Colorado judge emerges as a top contender to fill Scalia's Supreme Court seat". Los Angeles Times.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Kindy, Kimberly; Horwitz, Sari; Wan, William (February 19, 2017). "Simply stated, Gorsuch is steadfast and surprising". The Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  13. ^ a b de Vogue, Ariane (February 1, 2017). "Meet Neil Gorsuch: A fly-fishing Scalia fan". CNN.
  14. ^ Neil Gorsuch - Religion, denverpost.com, February 10, 2017; accessed February 25, 2017.
  15. ^ "Notable Alumni – Georgetown Preparatory School". gprep.org. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  16. ^ a b c Aguilera, Elizabeth (November 20, 2006). "10th Circuit judge's oath a family affair". The Denver Post.
  17. ^ Clarke, Sara (January 31, 2017). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Neil Gorsuch". US News and World Report. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
  18. ^ Fertoli, Annemarie (February 1, 2017). "Columbia Classmates Recall Judge Neil Gorsuch's Time in New York". WNYC.
  19. ^ "Columbia Daily Spectator". spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu. October 1, 1985.
  20. ^ "Columbia Daily Spectator". spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu. October 1, 1985.
  21. ^ Marhoefer, Laurie (December 1, 1999). "The History of Columbia's Oldest Student Paper". The Fed.
  22. ^ "Joseph E. Stevens Award – The Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation".
  23. ^ a b c Neil M. Gorsuch ’91 nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court, Harvard Law Today, January 31, 2017.
  24. ^ Levenson, Michael (February 2, 2017). "At Harvard Law, Gorsuch stood out on a campus full of liberals". Boston Globe. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  25. ^ Gerstein, Josh (January 31, 2017). "Neil Gorsuch is Trump's SCOTUS nominee". Politico. Washington, DC. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  26. ^ "Supreme Court Neil Gorsuch: Who is Trump's nominee?". BBC. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  27. ^ Clauss, Kyle Scott (February 1, 2017). "Neil Gorsuch, Trump's Supreme Court Pick, Attended Harvard Law with Obama". Boston. Boston, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  28. ^ The same 1993 Term, Gorsuch's Harvard Law School classmates David T. Goldberg (HLS 1991) and Julius Genachowski (HLS 1991) both clerked for Justice David Souter.
  29. ^ a b c Mauro, Tony (January 24, 2017). "Three Things to Know About Neil Gorsuch, SCOTUS Front-Runner". The National Law Journal. (subscription required)
  30. ^ a b c Charlie Savage; Julie Turkewitz (March 15, 2017). "Neil Gorsuch Has Web of Ties to Secretive Billionaire". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
  31. ^ a b Liptak, Adam (January 31, 2017). "In Judge Neil Gorsuch, an Echo of Scalia in Philosophy and Style". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  32. ^ Gorsuch, Neil (May 4, 2002). "Justice White and judicial excellence". UPI.
  33. ^ Charlie Savage (March 16, 2017). "Neil Gorsuch Helped Defend Disputed Bush-Era Terror Policies". The New York Times. pp. A13. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
  34. ^ Charlie Savage (March 19, 2017). "Newly Public Emails Hint at Gorsuch's View of Presidential Power". The New York Times. pp. A15. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
  35. ^ Johnson, Carrie. Who Is Neil Gorsuch, Trump's First Pick For The Supreme Court?, NPR, February 5, 2017.
  36. ^ Ratings of Article III Judicial Nominees: 109th Congress, American Bar Association Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary (last updated January 10, 2008).
  37. ^ a b Mulkern, Anne C. (July 20, 2006). "Gorsuch confirmed for 10th Circuit". The Denver Post.
  38. ^ Rutkus, Denis Steven; Scott, Kevin M.; Bearden, Maureen (January 23, 2007), U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations by President George W. Bush During the 107th-109th Congresses (PDF), Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, p. 63, retrieved February 11, 2017
  39. ^ "Supreme Court Clerk Hiring Watch: An Analysis Of The October Term 2016 Clerk Class". Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  40. ^ "Trump's pick for Supreme Court a visiting professor at CU Boulder". CU Boulder Today. Boulder, Colorado: Regents of the University of Colorado. January 31, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  41. ^ a b c "University of Colorado Law School website: Judge Neil Gorsuch page". University of Colorado. Boulder, Colorado. Retrieved January 31, 2017. Judge Neil M. Gorsuch was nominated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in May 2006. His nomination was confirmed in the United States Senate by unanimous voice vote.
  42. ^ Recent Cases: Tenth Circuit Holds For-Profit Corporate Plaintiffs Likely to Succeed on the Merits of Substantial Burden on Religious Claim, 127 Harv. L. Rev. 1025 (2014) discussing Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. v. Sebelius, 723 F.3d 1114 (10th Cir. 2013).
  43. ^ a b c d e Citron, Eric, Potential nominee profile: Neil Gorsuch, SCOTUSblog.com, January 13, 2017.
  44. ^ Little Sisters of the Poor Home for the Aged v. Burwell, 799 F.3d 1315 (10th Cir. 2015) (Hartz, J., dissenting from denial of rehearing en banc).
  45. ^ Summum v. Pleasant Grove City, 499 F.3d 1170, 1175 (10th Cir. 2007) (McConnell, J., dissenting from denial of rehearing en banc)..
  46. ^ a b Barnes, Robert (January 28, 2017). "Neil Gorsuch naturally equipped for his spot on Trump's Supreme Court shortlist". Washington Post. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  47. ^ Frankel, Allison (August 24, 2016). "Is court deference to federal agencies unconstitutional? 10th Circuit judge thinks so". Reuters. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
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Further reading


Legal offices
Preceded by Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
2006–present
Incumbent