Las Vegas Raiders
 | This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (March 2017) |
 | This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (March 2017) |
| Oakland Raiders soon to be Las Vegas Raiders | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Current season | |||||
| |||||
| Established January 30, 1960 First season: 1960 Play in Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Oakland, California Headquartered in Alameda, California[1] | |||||
| League / conference affiliations | |||||
American Football League (1960–1969)
National Football League (1970–present)
| |||||
| Uniforms | |||||
 | |||||
| Team colors | Silver, Black, White[2][3] | ||||
| Fight song | "The Autumn Wind" | ||||
| Mascot | raider | ||||
| Personnel | |||||
| Owner(s) | Mark Davis (majority owner)[4][5] | ||||
| General manager | Reggie McKenzie | ||||
| President | Marc Badain | ||||
| Head coach | Jack Del Rio | ||||
| Team history | |||||
| |||||
| Team nicknames | |||||
| |||||
| Championships | |||||
| League championships (3†) | |||||
| Conference championships (4) | |||||
| Division championships (15) † – Does not include the AFL or NFL championships won during the same seasons as the AFL–NFL Super Bowl championships prior to the 1970 AFL–NFL merger | |||||
| Playoff appearances (22) | |||||
| Home fields | |||||
| |||||
The Oakland Raiders are a professional American football franchise based in Oakland, California.
The team was founded on January 30, 1960, and commenced operations on September 11, 1960, as a member of the American Football League (AFL) at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco, California; they are currently members of the National Football League (NFL), which merged with the AFL in 1970. The Raiders currently compete in the NFL as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division and play their home games at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum. At the end of the NFL's 2015 season, the Raiders boasted a lifetime regular-season record of 444 wins, 397 losses, and 11 ties; their lifetime playoff record currently stands at 25 wins and 18 losses.[8]
NFL team owners voted nearly unanimously to approve the Raiders' application to relocate from Oakland to Las Vegas, Nevada, in a 31-to-1 vote at the annual league meetings in Phoenix, Arizona, on March 27, 2017. The Raiders plan to remain in Oakland through 2018 – and possibly 2019 – and relocate to Las Vegas in either 2019 or 2020.[9][10]
The Raiders' off-field fortunes have varied considerably over the years. The team's first three years of operation (1960–1962) were marred by poor on-field performance, financial difficulties, and spotty attendance. In 1963, however, the Raiders' fortunes improved dramatically with the introduction of head coach (and eventual owner) Al Davis. In 1967, after several years of improvement, the Raiders reached the postseason for the first time. The team would go on to win its first (and only) AFL Championship that year; in doing so, the Raiders advanced to Super Bowl II, where they were soundly defeated by the Green Bay Packers.
The Raiders' run of success intensified during the 1970s. From 1970 to 1977, the team won six division titles and reached the AFC Championship Game six times. In 1976, the team captured its first NFL Championship with a convincing victory over the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl XI. After narrowly losing the 1977 AFC Championship Game, the Raiders missed the playoffs in 1978 and 1979; in 1980, however, the team unexpectedly captured a second Super Bowl championship with an easy victory over the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl XV.
In 1982, amidst much controversy, the Raiders relocated to Los Angeles. The team finished with the NFL's best regular season record that year; one year later, the Raiders beat the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVIII to capture their third (and, to date, last) Super Bowl championship. The Raiders' fortunes declined considerably following the 1985 season; they would win just one division title (1990) and two playoff games from 1986 to 1994.
In 1995, the Raiders returned to Oakland. After several years of continued mediocrity, the team entered a brief period of pronounced success in the early 2000s. From 2000 to 2002, the Raiders won three consecutive division titles and four playoff games; their renaissance culminated with a lopsided 2002 loss to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Super Bowl XXXVII. The Super Bowl loss marked the beginning of a lengthy period of futility for the Raiders; from 2003 through 2015, the Raiders failed to post a single winning season or clinch a single playoff berth. In 2016, the Raiders finally ended their postseason drought with a victory over the division rival San Diego Chargers. At the end of the 2016 NFL season, the team finished with a 12–4 record and would lose to the Houston Texans 27–14 in the Wild-Card round of the 2016–17 playoffs.
The Raiders are known for their extensive fan base and distinctive team culture. Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles (three AFL and 12 NFL), four AFC Championships (1976, 1980, 1983, and 2002), one AFL Championship (1967), and three Super Bowl Championships (XI, XV, and XVIII). Fourteen former members of the team have been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
History
The early years (1959–1962)
The Oakland Raiders were originally going to be called the Oakland Seniors after a name-the-team contest had that name finish first, but after being the target of local jokes, the name was changed to the Raiders before the 1960 season began. Having enjoyed a successful collegiate coaching career at Navy during the 1950s, San Francisco native Eddie Erdelatz was hired as the Raiders first head coach. On February 9, 1960, after rejecting offers from the NFL's Washington Redskins and the AFL's Los Angeles Chargers, Erdelatz accepted the Oakland Raiders head coaching position. In January 1960, the Raiders were established in Oakland, and because of NFL interference with the original eighth franchise owner, were the last team of eight in the new American Football League to select players, thus relegated to the remaining talent available (see below). The 1960 Raiders 42-man roster included 28 rookies and only 14 veterans. Among the Raiders rookies were future Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee center Jim Otto, and a future Raiders head coach, quarterback Tom Flores. In their 1960 debut year under Erdelatz the Raiders finished with a 1–15 record. On the field, Erdelatz battled an ulcer within the bladder of the football. Ownership conflicts prevented the team from signing any top draft picks the next season.[citation needed] On September 18, 1961, Erdelatz was dismissed after the Raiders were outscored 77–46 in the first two games of the 1961 season.
On September 24, 1961, after the dismissal of Erdelatz, management named Los Angeles native and offensive line coach Marty Feldman as the Raiders head coach. The team finished the 1961 season with a 13–2 record. Feldman began the 1962 season as Raiders head coach but was fired on October 16, 1962 after a stupendous perfect 10–0 start. From October 16, 1962 – December 16, 1962, the Raiders then appointed Oklahoma native and assistant coach Red Conkright as head coach. Under Conkright, the Raiders lost all 5 games, finishing with a 10–5 record, and reaching the Super Bowl. Following the 1962 season the Raiders appointed Conkright to an interim mentor position. Under the Raiders first three head coaches since entering the AFL, the team's combined three-year win-loss record was 26–13.
The AFL and Al Davis (1963–1969)
1963–1966: Al Davis becomes Head Coach/General Manager
After the 1962 season, Raiders managing general partner F. Wayne Valley hired Al Davis as Raiders head coach and general manager. At 33, he was the youngest person in professional football history to hold the positions.[11] Davis immediately began to implement what he termed the "vertical game", an aggressive offensive strategy inspired by the offense developed by Chargers head coach Sid Gillman.[12] Under Davis the Raiders improved to 10–4, and he was named the AFL's Coach of the Year in 1963. Though the team slipped to 5–7–2 in 1964, it rebounded to an 8–5–1 record in 1965. The famous silver and black Raider uniform debuted at the regular-season opening game on September 8, 1963. Previous to this, the team wore a combination of black and white with gold trim on the pants and oversized numerals.
1966: John Rauch takes over as head coach
In April 1966, Davis left the Raiders after being named AFL Commissioner, promoting assistant coach John Rauch to head coach. Two months later, the league announced its merger with the NFL. With the merger, the position of commissioner was no longer needed, and Davis entered into discussions with Valley about returning to the Raiders. On July 25, 1966, Davis returned as part-owner of the team. He purchased a 10% interest in the team for $18,000, and became the team's third general partner — the partner in charge of football operations.,[13][14]
Under Rauch, the Raiders matched their 1965 season's 8–5–1 record in 1966 but missed the playoffs, finishing second in the AFL West Division.
1967–1968: Oakland wins AFL Championship
On the field, the team Davis had assembled and coached steadily improved. With John Rauch (Davis's hand-picked successor) as head coach, and led by quarterback Daryle Lamonica, acquired in a trade with Buffalo, the Raiders finished the 1967 season with a 13–1–0 record and won the 1967 AFL Championship, defeating the Oilers 40–7. The win earned the team a trip to the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida in Super Bowl II, January 14, 1968, where they were defeated 33–14 by Vince Lombardi's Packers. The following year, the Raiders ended the 1968 season with a 12–2–0 record winning the AFL West Division title but were defeated 27–23 by the New York Jets in the AFL Championship Game. Citing management conflicts with day-to-day coaching decisions, Rauch resigned as Raiders head coach on January 16, 1969, accepting the head coaching job of the Buffalo Bills.
The John Madden era begins (1969)
During the early 1960s, John Madden was a defensive assistant coach at San Diego State University under SDSU head coach Don Coryell. Madden credits Coryell as being an influence on his coaching. In 1967, Madden was hired by Al Davis as the Raiders linebacker coach. On February 4, 1969, after the departure of John Rauch, Raiders assistant coach John Madden was named the Raiders sixth head coach. Under Madden, the 1969 Raiders won the AFL West Division title with a 12–1–1 record. On December 20, 1969, the Raiders defeated the Oilers 56–7 in the AFL Division playoff game. In the AFL Conference Championship game on January 4, 1970, the Raiders were defeated by Hank Stram's Chiefs 17–7.
AFL–NFL merger (1970–1981)
1970–1971
In 1970, the AFL–NFL merger took place and the Raiders joined the Western Division of the American Football Conference (actually the AFL West with the same teams as in 1969, except for the Cincinnati Bengals) in the newly merged NFL. The first post-merger season saw the Raiders win the AFC West with an 8–4–2 record and go all the way to the conference championship, where they lost to the Colts. Despite another 8–4–2 season in 1971, the Raiders failed to win the division or achieve a playoff berth. When backup OG-OT Ron Mix (former Charger) played, the 1971 Raiders had an eventual all-Pro Football Hall of Fame offensive interior line (with OT Art Shell, OG Gene Upshaw, C Jim Otto, and OT Bob Brown).
1972–1978: First World Championship (Super Bowl XI–1976)
The teams of the 1970s were thoroughly dominant teams, with 8 Hall of Fame inductees on the roster and a Hall of Fame coach in John Madden. The 1970s Raiders created the team's identity and persona as a team that was hard-hitting. Dominant on defense, with the crushing hits of safeties Jack Tatum and George Atkinson and cornerback Skip Thomas, the Raiders regularly held first place in the AFC West, entering the playoffs nearly every season. From 1973 through 1977, the Raiders reached the conference championship every year.
This was the era of the bitter rivalry between the Pittsburgh Steelers and Raiders. In the 1970s, the Steelers and Raiders during many of those seasons were the two best teams in the AFC and, arguably, the NFL. The Raiders regularly met the Steelers in the playoffs, and the winner of the Steelers-Raiders game went on to win the Super Bowl in 3 of those instances, from 1974 to 1976. The rivalry garnered attention in the sports media, with controversial plays, late hits, accusations and public statements.
The rivalry began with and was fueled by a controversial last-second play in their first playoff game in 1972. That season the Raiders achieved a 10–3–1 record and an AFC West title. In the divisional round, they were beaten by the Steelers 13–7 on a play that become known as the "Immaculate Reception". The Raiders won the AFC West again in 1973 with a 9–4–1 record. Lamonica was replaced as starting quarterback early in the season by Ken Stabler, who remained the starting quarterback throughout the team's dominant seasons of the 1970s. The Raiders defeated Pittsburgh 33–14 in the divisional round of the playoffs to reach the AFC Championship, but lost 27–10 to the Dolphins.
In 1974, Oakland had a 12–2 regular season, which included a 9-game winning streak. They beat the Dolphins 28–26 in the divisional round of the playoffs in a see-saw battle remembered as the "Sea of Hands" game.[15] They then lost the AFC Championship to the Steelers, who went on to win the Super Bowl. The Raiders were held to only 29 yards rushing by the Pittsburgh defense, and late mistakes turned a 10–3 lead at the start of the fourth quarter into a disappointing 24–13 loss.
In the 1975 season opener, the Raiders beat Miami and ended their 31-game home winning streak. With an 11–3 record, they defeated Cincinnati 31–28 in the divisional playoff round. Again, the Raiders faced the Steelers in the conference championship, eager for revenge; again, the Raiders came up short, as the Steelers won the AFC Championship and then went on to another Super Bowl title. According to John Madden and Al Davis, the Raiders relied on quick movement by their wide receivers on the outside sidelines – the deep threat, or 'long ball' – more so than the Steelers of that year, whose offense was far more run-oriented than it would become later in the 1970s. Forced to adapt to the frozen field of Three Rivers Stadium, with receivers slipping and unable to make quick moves to beat coverage, the Raiders lost, 16–10. The rivalry had now grown to hatred, and became the stereotype of the 'grudge match.'
In 1976, the Raiders came from behind dramatically to beat Pittsburgh 31–28 in a revenge match in the season opener, and continued to cement its reputation for dirty play by knocking WR Lynn Swann out for two weeks with a clothesline to the helmet. Al Davis later tried to sue Steelers coach Chuck Noll for libel after the latter called safety George Atkinson a criminal for the hit. The Raiders won 13 regular season games and a close controversial 21–17 victory over New England in the playoffs. With the Patriots up by three points in final two minutes, referee Ben Dreith called roughing the passer on New England's Sugar Bear Hamilton after he hit Oakland QB Ken Stabler. The Raiders went on to score a touchdown in the final minute to win. They then knocked out the Steelers in the AFC Championship to go to Super Bowl XI. Oakland's opponent was the Vikings, a team that had lost three previous Super Bowls. The Raiders led 16–0 at halftime. By the end, having forced Minnesota into multiple turnovers, they won 32–14 for their first post-merger championship.
The following season saw the Raiders finish 11–3, but they lost the division title to Denver. They settled for a wild card, beating the Colts in the second-longest overtime game in NFL history remembered as the Ghost to the Post game, but then fell to the Broncos in the AFC Championship. During a 1978 preseason game, Patriots WR Darryl Stingley was injured by a hit from Raiders FS Jack Tatum and paralyzed for life. Although the 1978 Raiders achieved a winning record at 9–7, they missed the playoffs for the first time since 1971, losing critical games to Seattle, Denver and Miami towards the end of the season.
1979–1981: The Tom Flores era begins; Second World Championship (XV–1980)
After 10 consecutive winning seasons and one Super Bowl championship, John Madden left the Raiders (and coaching) in 1979 to pursue a career as a television football commentator. His replacement was former Raiders quarterback Tom Flores, the first Hispanic head coach in NFL history.[16] Flores led the Raiders to another 9–7 season, but not the playoffs. In the midst of the turmoil of Al Davis's attempts to move the team to Los Angeles in 1980, Tom Flores coached the Raiders to their second NFL Championship by beating the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl XV, with the Raiders becoming the first team to ever win the Super Bowl after getting into the playoffs as the wild card team. Quarterback Jim Plunkett revitalized his career, taking over in game 5 when starter Dan Pastorini was lost for the season to a broken leg, by leading the team to this championship, after owner Al Davis had picked up Pastorini when he swapped quarterbacks with the Houston Oilers, sending the beloved Ken Stabler to the Oilers.
The Los Angeles era (1982–1994); Third World Championship (XVIII–1983)
In 1980, Al Davis attempted unsuccessfully to have improvements made to the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, specifically the addition of luxury boxes. That year, he signed a memorandum of agreement to move the Raiders from Oakland to Los Angeles. The move, which required ¾ approval by league owners, was defeated 22–0 (with five owners abstaining). When Davis tried to move the team anyway, he was blocked by an injunction. In response, the Raiders not only became an active partner in an antitrust lawsuit filed by the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (who had recently lost the Los Angeles Rams), but filed an antitrust lawsuit of their own.[17] After the first case was declared a mistrial, in May 1982 a second jury found in favor of Davis and the Los Angeles Coliseum, clearing the way for the move.[18][19][20] With the ruling, the Raiders finally relocated to Los Angeles for the 1982 season to play their home games at the Los Angeles Coliseum.
The team finished 8–1 in the strike-shortened 1982 season, first in the AFC, but lost in the second round of the playoffs to the Jets. The following season, the team finished 12–4 and won convincingly against the Steelers and Seattle Seahawks in the AFC playoffs. Against the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVIII, the Raiders built a 21–3 halftime lead en route to a 38–9 victory and their third NFL championship.
The team had another successful regular season in 1984, finishing 11–5, but a three-game losing streak forced them to enter the playoffs as a wild-card, where they fell to the Seahawks.
The 1985 campaign saw 12 wins and a division title, but that was followed by a home playoff loss to the Patriots.
The Raiders' fortunes declined after that, and from 1986 to 1989, Los Angeles finished no better than 8–8 and posted consecutive losing seasons for the first time since 1961–1962. Also 1986 saw Al Davis get into a widely publicized argument with RB Marcus Allen, whom he accused of faking injuries. The feud continued into 1987, and Davis retaliated by signing Bo Jackson in Allen's place. However, Jackson was also a left fielder for Major League Baseball's Kansas City Royals, and could not play full-time until baseball season ended in October. Even worse, another strike cost the NFL one game and prompted them to use substitute players. The Raiders achieved a 1–2 record before the regular team returned. After a weak 5–10 finish, Tom Flores moved to the front office and was replaced by Denver Broncos offensive assistant coach Mike Shanahan. Shanahan led the team to a 7–9 season in 1988, and Allen and Jackson continued to trade places as the starting RB. Low game attendance and fan apathy were evident by this point, and in the summer of 1988, rumors of a Raiders return to Oakland intensified when a preseason game against the Houston Oilers was scheduled at Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum.[21]
As early as 1986, Davis sought to abandon the Coliseum in favor of a more modern stadium. In addition to sharing the venue with the USC Trojans, the Raiders were less than ecstatic with the Coliseum as it was aging and still lacked the luxury suites and other amenities that Davis was promised when he moved the Raiders to Los Angeles.[22] Finally, the Coliseum had 95,000 seats and the Raiders were rarely able to fill all of them even in their best years, and so most Raiders home games were blacked out in Southern California. Numerous venues in California were considered, including one near now-defunct Hollywood Park in Inglewood and another in Carson. In August 1987, it was announced that the city of Irwindale paid Davis US$10 million as a good-faith deposit for a prospective stadium site.[23] When the bid failed, Davis kept the non-refundable deposit.[24][25]
Art Shell era (1989–1994)
Negotiations between Davis and Oakland commenced in January 1989, and on March 11, 1991, Davis announced his intention to bring the Raiders back to Oakland.[26] By September 1991, however, numerous delays had prevented the completion of the deal between Davis and Oakland. On September 11, Davis announced a new deal to stay in Los Angeles, leading many fans in Oakland to burn Raiders paraphernalia in disgust.[27][28]
After starting the 1989 season with a 1–3 record, Shanahan was fired by Davis, which began a long-standing feud between the two.[29][failed verification] He was replaced by former Raider offensive lineman Art Shell, who had been voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame earlier in the year. With the hiring, Shell became the first African American head coach in the modern NFL era, but the team still finished a middling 8–8.[30]
In 1990, Shell led Los Angeles to a 12–4 record. They beat the Bengals in the divisional round of the playoffs, but Bo Jackson had his left femur ripped from the socket after a tackle. Without him, the Raiders were crushed in the AFC Championship by the Buffalo Bills. Jackson was forced to quit football as a result, although surgery allowed him to continue playing baseball until he retired in 1994.
The team's fortunes faded after the loss. They made two other playoff appearances during the 1990s, and finished higher than third place only three times. In 1991, they got into the postseason as a wild-card after a 9–7 regular season, but fell to Kansas City. 1992 saw them drop to 7–9. This period was marked by the injury of Jackson in 1991, the failure of troubled quarterback Todd Marinovich, the acrimonious departure of Marcus Allen in 1993, and the retirement of Hall of Fame defensive end Howie Long after the 1993 season, when the Raiders went 10–6 and lost to Buffalo in the divisional round of the playoffs. Shell was fired after posting a 9–7 record in the 1994 season.
Back to Oakland (1995)
On June 23, 1995, Davis signed a letter of intent to move the Raiders back to Oakland. The move was approved by the Alameda County Board of Supervisors the next month[31] As the NFL had never recognized the Raiders' initial move to Los Angeles, they could not disapprove of the move or request a relocation fee, which had to be paid by the Los Angeles Rams for their move to St. Louis. The move was greeted with much fanfare,[32] and under new head coach Mike White the 1995 season began well for the team. Oakland started 8–2, but injuries to starting quarterback Jeff Hostetler contributed to a six-game losing streak to end the season, and the Raiders failed to qualify for the playoffs for a second consecutive season.
In order to convince Davis to return, Oakland spent $220 million on stadium renovations. These included a new seating section – commonly known as "Mount Davis" – with 10,000 seats. It also built the team a training facility and paid all its moving costs. The Raiders pay $525,000 a year in rent – a fraction[clarification needed] of what the nearby San Francisco 49ers paid to play at the now-extinct Candlestick Park – and do not pay maintenance or game-day operating costs.
Jon Gruden era (1998–2001)
1996–1999
After two more losing seasons (7–9 in 1996 and 4–12 in 1997) under White and his successor, Joe Bugel, Davis selected a new head coach from outside the Raiders organization for only the second time when he hired Philadelphia Eagles offensive coordinator Jon Gruden, who had previously worked for the 49ers and Packers under head coach Mike Holmgren. Under Gruden, the Raiders posted consecutive 8–8 seasons in 1998 and 1999, and climbed out of last place in the AFC West.
2000
Oakland finished 12–4 in the 2000 season, the team's most successful in a decade. Led by veteran quarterback Rich Gannon (MVP), Oakland won their first division title since 1990, and advanced to the AFC Championship, where they lost 16–3 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens.
2001
The Raiders acquired all-time leading receiver Jerry Rice prior to the 2001 season. They started 10–3 but lost their last three games and finished with a 10–6 record in the wild card playoff spot and won a second-straight AFC West title. They defeated the New York Jets 38–24 in the wild card round but lost their divisional-round playoff game to the eventual Super Bowl champion New England Patriots, in a controversial game that became known as the "Tuck Rule Game". The game was played in a heavy snowstorm, and late in the fourth quarter Raiders star cornerback Charles Woodson blitzed Patriots quarterback Tom Brady, causing an apparent fumble which was recovered by Raiders linebacker Greg Biekert. The recovery would assuredly have led to a Raiders victory, as the Raiders would have a first down with 1:43 remaining and the Patriots had no more time outs); however, the play was reviewed and determined to be an incomplete pass (it was ruled that Brady had pump-faked and then "tucked" the ball into his body, which, by rule, cannot result in a fumble—though this explanation was not given on the field, but after the NFL season had ended). The Patriots retained possession and drove for a game-tying field goal. The game went into overtime and the Patriots won 16–13.[33]
Bill Callahan era (2002–2003)
Shortly after the season, the Raiders made a move that involved releasing Gruden from his contract and allowing the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to sign him. In return, the Raiders received cash and future draft picks from the Buccaneers. The sudden move came after months of speculation in the media that Davis and Gruden had fallen out with each other both personally and professionally.[citation needed] Bill Callahan, who served as the team's offensive coordinator and offensive line coach during Gruden's tenure, was named head coach.[34]
2002
Under Callahan, the Raiders finished the 2002 season 11–5, won their third-straight division title, and clinched the top seed in the playoffs. Rich Gannon was named MVP of the NFL after passing for a league-high 4,689 yards. After beating the Jets and Titans by large margins in the playoffs, the Raiders made their fifth Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl XXXVII. Their opponent was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, coached by Gruden. The Raiders, who had not made significant changes to Gruden's offensive schemes, were intercepted five times by the Buccaneers en route to a 48–21 blowout. Some Tampa Bay players claimed that Gruden had given them so much information on Oakland's offense, they knew exactly what plays were being called.[35][36]
2003
Callahan's second season as head coach was considerably less successful. Oakland finished 4–12, which was their worst showing since 1997. After a late-season loss to the Denver Broncos, a visibly frustrated Callahan exclaimed, "We've got to be the dumbest team in America in terms of playing the game."[37] At the end of the 2003 regular season Callahan was fired and replaced by former Washington Redskins head coach Norv Turner.
Coaching carousel and mediocrity (2004–2014)
Norv Turner (2004–2005)
The team's fortunes did not improve in Turner's first year. Oakland finished the 2004 season 5–11, with only one divisional win (a one-point victory over the Broncos in Denver). During a Week 3 victory against the Buccaneers, Rich Gannon suffered a neck injury that ended his season and eventually his career. He never returned to the team and retired before the 2005 season.[38] Kerry Collins, who led the New York Giants to an appearance in Super Bowl XXXV and signed with Oakland after the 2003 season, became the team's starting quarterback.
In an effort to bolster their offense, in early 2005 the Raiders acquired Pro Bowl wide receiver Randy Moss via trade with the Minnesota Vikings, and signed free agent running back Lamont Jordan of the New York Jets. After a 4–12 season and a second consecutive last place finish, Turner was fired as head coach.
Art Shell returns (2006)
On February 11, 2006 the team announced the return of Art Shell as head coach. In announcing the move, Al Davis said that firing Shell in 1995 had been a mistake.[39] Under Shell, the Raiders lost their first five games in 2006 en route to a 2–14 record, the team's worst since 1962. Oakland's offense struggled greatly, scoring just 168 points (fewest in franchise history) and allowing a league-high 72 sacks. Wide receiver Jerry Porter was benched by Shell for most of the season in what many viewed as a personal, rather than football-related, decision. Shell was fired again at the end of the season.[40] The Raiders also earned the right to the first overall pick in the 2007 NFL Draft for the first time since 1962, by virtue of having the league's worst record.[41]
Lane Kiffin (2007–2008)
On January 22, the team announced the hiring of 31-year-old USC offensive coordinator Lane Kiffin, the youngest coach in franchise history and the youngest coach in the NFL.[42] In the 2007 NFL Draft, the Raiders selected LSU quarterback JaMarcus Russell with the #1 overall pick, despite a strong objection from Kiffin. Russell, arguably the biggest bust in NFL history, held out until September 12 [43] and did not make his first career start until week 17.[44] Kiffin coached the Raiders to a 4–12 record in the 2007 season. After a 1–3 start to 2008 and months of speculation and rumors, Davis fired Kiffin on September 30, 2008.
Tom Cable (2008–2010)
Tom Cable was named as Kiffin's interim replacement, and officially signed as the 17th head coach of the Oakland Raiders on Tuesday, February 3, 2009.
The team's finish to the 2008 season would turn out to match their best since they lost the Super Bowl in the 2002 season. However, they still finished 5–11 and ended up third in the AFC West, the first time they did not finish last since 2002. They would produce an identical record in 2009; however, the season was somewhat ameliorated by the fact that four of the Raiders' five wins were against opponents with above .500 records. In 2010, the Raiders became the first team in NFL history to go undefeated against their division yet miss the playoffs (6–0 in the AFC West, 8–8 overall, 3 games behind the Jets for the second Wild Card entry). On January 4, 2011, owner Al Davis informed head coach Tom Cable that his contract would not be renewed, ending his tenure with the organization. Many Raider players, such as punter Shane Lechler, were upset with the decision.
Hue Jackson (2011)
On January 17, 2011, it was announced that offensive coordinator Hue Jackson was going to be the next Raiders head coach. A press conference was held on January 18, 2011, to formally introduce Jackson as the next Raiders head coach, the fifth in just seven years. Following Davis's death during the 2011 season, new owners Carol and Mark Davis decided to take the franchise in a drastically different direction by hiring a general manager. On New Year's Day of 2012, the Raiders played the San Diego Chargers, hoping to go to the playoffs for the first time since 2002, the game ended with a 38–26 loss. Their season ended with another disappointing 8–8 record.
Dennis Allen (2012–2014)
On January 6, 2012, the Raiders named Green Bay Packers director of football operations Reggie McKenzie as the team's first General Manager since Al Davis. Given full autonomy over personnel decisions by the Davis family, McKenzie, in his first day on the job, fired head coach Hue Jackson after only one season on January 10, seeking to hire his own head coach instead. In the process, the Raiders lost their sixth head coach in the past ten seasons, none of whom lasted more than two seasons. Two weeks later, McKenzie hired Broncos defensive coordinator Dennis Allen as head coach. Most of the coaching staff has been replaced by new position and strength and conditioning coaches.[citation needed]
The Raiders began 2012 by running a nose tackle when they run a 4-3 defense. They lost their home opener on Monday Night Football against San Diego 22–14, and finished the season 4–12.
In the 2013 offseason, the Raiders began making major roster moves. These included the signing of linebackers Kevin Burnett, Nick Roach, and Kaluka Maiava, defensive tackles Pat Sims and Vance Walker, cornerbacks Tracy Porter and Mike Jenkins, defensive end Jason Hunter, and safety Usama Young and the release of wide receiver Darrius Heyward-Bey, safety Michael Huff, linebacker Rolando McClain and defensive tackle Tommy Kelly. [45] Starting quarterback Carson Palmer was traded to the Arizona Cardinals in exchange for a sixth-round draft pick and a conditional seventh-round draft pick. Shortly before, they had traded a fifth-round pick and an undisclosed conditional pick in exchange for Matt Flynn.[46] In addition to signing Matt Flynn, the Raiders also welcomed back Charles Woodson, signing him to a 1-year deal in mid-May.[47] The Oakland Raiders finished the 2013 season with a record of 4–12.
In the 2014 NFL Draft, the Raiders selected linebacker Khalil Mack in the first round and quarterback Derek Carr in the second round hoping each would anchor their side of the ball. Carr was given control early as he was chosen as the starter for the opener of the 2014 season. After an 0–4 start to the 2014 season, and an 8–28 overall record as head coach, Allen was fired.[48] Offensive line coach Tony Sparano was named interim head coach on September 30. The Oakland Raiders finished the 2014 season with a record of 3–13. Carr started all 16 games for the Raiders, the first Raider since 2002 to do so. First round pick Mack finished third in Defensive Rookie of the Year voting.
Resurgence and relocation to Las Vegas
Jack Del Rio (2015–present)
On January 14, 2015, Jack Del Rio was hired to become the new head coach of the Oakland Raiders, replacing the fired Dennis Allen (who coincidentally had preceded him as the Broncos defensive coordinator) and interim head coach Tony Sparano.[49]
The Raiders showed great improvement in Del Rio's first season, improving upon their 3 win 2014 season, going 7–9 in the 2015 season. Rookie wide receiver Amari Cooper fulfilled almost all expectations and Derek Carr continued his improvement at quarterback. Cooper, Mack, Murray and Carr were selected to participate in the Pro Bowl. DE Khalil Mack was the 1st player ever to be selected as an AP 2015 All-Pro Team at two positions in the same year.
The day following the conclusion of the 2015 regular season, the Raiders, St. Louis Rams, and San Diego Chargers all filed to relocate to Los Angeles.[50] On January 12, 2016, the NFL owners voted 30–2 to allow the Rams to return to L.A. and approved a stadium project in Inglewood, California proposed by Rams owner Stan Kroenke over a competing project in Carson, California that the Chargers and Raiders had jointly proposed. The Chargers were given a one-year approval to relocate as well, conditioned on negotiating a lease agreement with the Rams or an agreement to partner with the Rams on the new stadium construction. The Raiders were given conditional permission to relocate if the Chargers were to decline their option first.[51]
As part of the Rams' relocation decision, the NFL offered to provide both the Chargers and Raiders $100 million each if they could work out new stadiums in their home markets. The Chargers would eventually announce on January 12, 2017, that they would exercise their option to relocate to Los Angeles following the failure of a November 2016 ballot initiative to fund a new stadium in San Diego.[52][53] In an official statement on the Rams decision, the Raiders offered they would "now turn our attention to exploring all options to find a permanent stadium solution."[54] Las Vegas and San Antonio were heavily rumored as possible relocation destinations. By mid-February 2016, the team worked out a one-year lease agreement with the City of Oakland to play at O.co Coliseum with the option for a second one-year lease.[55]
In late January 2016, billionaire Sheldon Adelson, president and CEO of the Las Vegas Sands Corporation casino empire, proposed a new domed stadium in Las Vegas to potentially house the University of Nevada, Las Vegas football team and a possible NFL team. Adelson quickly reached out to the Raiders to discuss the team partnering on the new stadium.[56] In April 2016, without promising the team would move, Raiders owner Mark Davis met with the Southern Nevada Tourism Infrastructure Committee and pledged $500 million toward Adelson's stadium if public officials agreed to contribute to the stadium.[57]
A group of investors led by former NFL stars Ronnie Lott and Rodney Peete proposed a new stadium to the city of Oakland in June 2016 as a way to keep the Raiders in the city.[58]
Nevada's legislature approved a $750 million public subsidy for the proposed domed Las Vegas stadium in October 2016.[59][60] Davis informed his fellow NFL owners that he intended to file for relocation to Las Vegas following the end of the season.[61]
On November 28, 2016, the Raiders secured their first winning season since 2002 with a comeback win against the Carolina Panthers, and on December 18, the team clinched their first postseason berth since 2002 with a victory over the San Diego Chargers. On December 20, 2016, the NFL announced that the Raiders would have 7 Pro Bowl selections: Khalil Mack, Derek Carr, Amari Cooper, Donald Penn, Kelechi Osemele, Rodney Hudson and Reggie Nelson. This is the most selections for the team since 1991, and the most for any team in the 2016 NFL season.[62]
As the fifth seed in the AFC in the 2016 NFL playoffs, the Raiders faced the Houston Texans in the opening Wild Card round. With significant injuries hampering the team, including the loss of starting quarterback Carr, they lost to the Texans 27–14.
The Raiders officially filed paperwork with the NFL on January 19, 2017, to relocate the club from Oakland to Las Vegas, Nevada by the 2020 season.[63] The vote for the team's relocation took place on March 27, 2017,[64] and the NFL officially approved the Raiders relocation to Las Vegas by a 31–1 vote.[9] Only the Miami Dolphins dissented the proposed move. Subsequently, the team announced that it will continue to be known as the Oakland Raiders for the 2017 and 2018 NFL seasons and will play its games in Oakland for those two seasons.[10]
Championships
AFL Championships
The Raiders finished the 1967 season with a 13–1–0 record and won the 1967 AFL Championship. They subsequently lost to the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl II.
| American Football League Championships | ||||||
| Season | Coach | Location | Opponent | Score | Game | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1967 | John Rauch | Oakland, California | Houston Oilers | 40–7 | VIII | |
Super Bowl championships
The Raiders have won a total of 3 Super Bowls. They won their first Super Bowl under John Madden, and their next two with Tom Flores.
| Super Bowl Championships | ||||||
| Season | Coach | Location | Opponent | Score | Super Bowl | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | John Madden | Pasadena, California | Minnesota Vikings | 32–14 | XI | |
| 1980 | Tom Flores | New Orleans, Louisiana | Philadelphia Eagles | 27–10 | XV | |
| 1983 | Tom Flores | Tampa, Florida | Washington Redskins | 38–9 | XVIII | |
Logos and uniforms
When the team was founded in 1960, the Oakland Tribune held a name-the-team contest. The winning name was the Oakland Señors.[65] After a few days of being the butt of local jokes (and accusations that the contest was fixed, as Chet Soda was fairly well known within the Oakland business community for calling his acquaintances "señor"), the fledgling team (and its owners) changed the team's name nine days later[66] to the Oakland Raiders, which had finished third in the naming contest.[67] The original team colors were black, gold, and white. The now-familiar team emblem of a pirate (or "raider") wearing a football helmet was created, reportedly a rendition of actor Randolph Scott.[68]
The original Raiders uniforms were black and gold, while the helmets were black with a white stripe and no logo. The team wore this design from 1960 to 1962. When Al Davis became head coach and general manager in 1963, he changed the team's color scheme to silver and black, and added a logo to the helmet. This logo is a shield that consists of the word "RAIDERS" at the top, two crossed cutlasses with handles up and cutting edge down, and superimposed head of a Raider wearing a football helmet and a black eye patch covering his right eye. Over the years, it has undergone minor color modifications (such as changing the background from silver to black in 1964), but it has essentially remained the same.
The Raiders' current silver and black uniform design has essentially remained the same since it debuted in 1963.[69] It consists of silver helmets, silver pants, and either black or white jerseys. The black jerseys have silver lettering names and numbers, while the white jerseys have black lettering names and numbers with silver outlining the numbers only. Originally, the white jerseys had black letters for the names and silver numbers with a thick black outline, but they were changed to black with a silver outline for the 1964 season. In 1970, the team used silver numerals with black outline and black lettering names for the season. However, in 1971, the team again displayed black numerals and have stayed that way ever since (with the exception of the 1994 season as part of the NFL's 75th Anniversary where they donned the 1963 helmets with the 1970 silver away numbers and black lettering names).
The Raiders wore their white jerseys at home for the first time in their history on September 28, 2008 against the San Diego Chargers. The decision was made by Lane Kiffin, who was coaching his final game for the Raiders, and was purportedly due to intense heat.[70] The high temperature in Oakland that day was 78°.[71]
For the 2009 season, the Raiders took part in the AFL Legacy Program and wore 1960s throwback jerseys for games against other teams from the former AFL.[72]
In the 2012 and 2013 seasons, the team wore black cleats as a tribute to Al Davis. However, the team reverted to white cleats in 2014.
Home fields
After splitting the first home season between Kezar Stadium and Candlestick, the Raiders moved exclusively to Candlestick Park in 1961, where total attendance for the season was about 50,000, and finished 2–12. Valley threatened to move the Raiders out of the area unless a stadium was built in Oakland, so in 1962 the Raiders moved into 18,000-seat Frank Youell Field (later expanded to 22,000 seats), their first home in Oakland.[73] It was a temporary home for the team while the 53,000 seat Oakland Alameda Coliseum was under construction; the Coliseum was completed in 1966. The Raiders have shared the Coliseum with the Oakland Athletics since the A's moved to Oakland from Kansas City in 1968, except for the years the Raiders called Los Angeles home (1982–94). The Raiders have defeated and lost to all 31 other NFL teams at the Coliseum at least once.
The Raiders did play one regular season game at California Memorial Stadium in Berkeley, California. On September 23, 1973 they played the Miami Dolphins in Berkeley due to a scheduling conflict with the Athletics. The team defeated the Dolphins 12–7, ending Miami's winning streak.
During the Los Angeles years, the Raiders played in the 93,000-seat Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.
New stadium proposals and relocation
From the assumption of the team by Mark Davis in 2011, the Raiders had been subject to rampant relocation speculation as the team attempted to find a new stadium in Oakland or elsewhere, due to the age of Oakland Alameda Coliseum, being secondary tenants to Major League Baseball's Athletics, and the expiration of the team's lease at the end of 2016. The team will ultimately relocate to Las Vegas, Nevada by 2020.
Las Vegas, Nevada
Team owner, Mark Davis, met with Las Vegas Sands owner Sheldon Adelson on January 29, 2016, about possibly relocating to a $2.3 billion, 65,000 capacity domed stadium in Las Vegas. During Davis' meeting with Adelson, he also visited the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), which included a contingent consisting of the university's president Len Jessup, former university president Donald Snyder, Steve Wynn, and former Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) owner Lorenzo Fertitta. The stadium is being proposed to replace Sam Boyd Stadium and would serve as the home of both the Raiders and the UNLV Rebels football program. A relocation to Las Vegas would be a long-term proposal, as Sam Boyd Stadium is undersized for the NFL and there are no other professional-caliber stadiums in Nevada. Raiders officials were also in Las Vegas to tour locations in the valley for a potential new home; they were also on the 42-acre site of the proposed stadium to ask questions about the site.
Interviewed by sports columnist Tim Kawakami of the San Jose Mercury News, Davis said that he had a "great" visit in the city he described it as interesting. Davis also said that Las Vegas was a global city and that "it's absolutely an NFL city," as well as saying that "the Raider brand would do well" and "I think Las Vegas is coming along slowly".[74]
When asked about Las Vegas on March 21, Davis said, "I think the Raiders like the Las Vegas plan," and "it's a very very very intriguing and exciting plan", referring to the stadium plan in Las Vegas. Davis also met with Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval about the stadium plan. Davis toured Sam Boyd Stadium on April 1 to evaluate whether UNLV could serve as a temporary home of the team and was with UNLV football coach Tony Sanchez, athletic director Tina Kunzer-Murphy, adviser Don Snyder and school president Len Jessup to further explore the possibility of the Raiders moving to Las Vegas.
Davis said on April 28 he wanted to move the Raiders to Las Vegas and pledged $500 million toward the construction of a proposed $2.4 billion domed stadium.[75][76] "Together we can turn the Silver State into the silver and black state," Davis said.[75][77]
At a media conference in UNLV's Stan Fulton Building, Davis also said the club had "made a commitment to Las Vegas at this point in time and that's where it stands." In an interview with ESPN after returning from a meeting for the 2016 NFL draft he expanded upon reasons why Southern Nevada held a certain appeal over the East Bay of the Oakland–San Francisco Bay Area, how he tried to make it work in Oakland and why (as he told Sandoval) he hopes to turn Nevada into the "Silver and Black State"; he also spoke of the meeting saying, "It was a positive, well-organized presentation that I believe was well-received", and stating, "It was a very positive step in finding the Raiders a home."
On May 20, 2016, New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft said he would support Davis and the Raiders move to Las Vegas, stating, "I think it would be good for the NFL."[78] If the Raiders were to move to Las Vegas the only competition they would have is the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League.[79] Raiders officials met with Northern Nevada officials on August 11 about the possibility of Reno being the site of a new training camp/practice facility and toured several sites including the University of Nevada, Reno, Reno area high schools, and sports complexes.[80] The Raiders filed a trademark application two weeks later on August 25 for "Las Vegas Raiders" on the same day renderings of a new stadium (located west of Interstate 15 at Las Vegas) were released to the public.[81]
The Southern Nevada Tourism Infrastructure Committee unanimously voted on September 15 to recommend and approve $750 million for the Las Vegas stadium plan.[82]
The Nevada Senate voted 16–5 on October 11 to approve the funding bill for the Las Vegas stadium proposal.[83] The Nevada Assembly voted 28–13 three days later to approve the bill to fund the new Las Vegas stadium proposal; two days later, Sandoval signed the funding bill into law.[84]
Davis told ESPN on October 15 that even if the Raiders are approved by the league to relocate to the Las Vegas metropolitan area, the club would play the next two seasons at the Oakland Alameda Coliseum in 2017 and 2018, stating "We want to bring a Super Bowl championship back to the Bay Area."[85] The team would then play at a temporary facility in 2019 after its lease at the Coliseum expires. Davis has also indicated a desire to play at least one preseason game in Las Vegas, at Sam Boyd Stadium, as early as the 2017 season.[86]
The following day, Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval signed into law Senate Bill 1 and Assembly Bill 1 which approved a hotel room rate tax increase to accommodate $750 million in public funding for the new stadium.[87][88]
A November 12 report from the NFL's own in-house media team outlined how Las Vegas might not be a done deal. The report stated that the majority of owners favor the Raiders staying in Oakland due to market size and stability. The vast majority of the NFL's revenue comes from TV contracts. So because of that, it made little sense for the other 31 NFL owners to vote in favor of one of their partners abandoning the 6th biggest media market for the 42nd. It remains to be seen if the leverage created in Las Vegas will result in a stadium deal in Oakland or if a no-move vote from the other owners will simply start the stadium search process over again.[89]
The Raiders officially filed paperwork to relocate from Oakland, California, to Las Vegas, Nevada, on January 19, 2017.[63] The Raiders move would still need approval of 24 of the 32 NFL owners to officially move to Vegas.[90] A vote on the matter could come as early as March.[90] Even if relocation is approved, the team will still be called the "Oakland" Raiders if the club plans to remain in Oakland in 2017 and 2018 to finish out its the lease at the Coliseum.[91]
On January 30, 2017, it was announced that Adelson had dropped out of the stadium project, also withdrawing the Las Vegas Sands' proposed $650 million contribution from the project. Instead, the Raiders would increase their contribution from $500 million to $1.15 billion.[92] One day after Adelson's announcement, Goldman Sachs (the company behind the financing to the proposed Las Vegas stadium) announced its intent to withdraw from the project.[93]
The Raiders revealed on March 6 Bank of America would be replacing the Sheldon Adelson portion of the funding.[94][95] The National Football League officially approved the Raiders move from Oakland to Las Vegas in a 31–1 vote on March 27, ensuring them the new stadium in the process.[9][10]
Past new stadium and relocation possibilities
Prior to settling on Las Vegas, the Raiders had been linked to a number of new stadium projects
Santa Clara, California
There had been discussions for the Raiders to share Levi's Stadium with the San Francisco 49ers.[96] However, the 49ers went ahead without the Raiders and broke ground on the $1.2 billion stadium on April 19, 2012[97] and have since sold $670 million worth of seats including 70% of club and luxury suites, making it unlikely that the Raiders would continue to explore the idea of sharing the stadium as they would now be secondary tenants with little to no commercial rights over the highly lucrative luxury suites.[98]
Raiders' owner Mark Davis further increased the unlikelihood of the Raiders and the 49ers to share Levi's stadium when he told NFL Network reporter Ian Rapoport that he has no plans to share the stadium but that he did recognize the Raiders' need for a new home and that he hoped the new home would be in Oakland.[99] When Levi's Stadium had its grand opening on July 17, 2014, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell mentioned to the live crowd that it would make a great home for the Raiders and that it is up for the team to decide whether or not it wants to play there or build a stadium on the site of the O.co Coliseum.[100]
Had the Raiders moved to Santa Clara, this would have marked the second time the Raiders and 49ers use the same venue. Before the Coliseum was built, the Raiders shared Kezar Stadium with the 49ers in San Francisco in 1960.
Los Angeles, California
On February 19, 2015, the Raiders and the Chargers announced that they would build a privately financed $1.78 billion stadium in Carson, California if they were to move to the Los Angeles market.[101] Both teams stated that they would continue to attempt to get stadiums built in their respective cities.[102] The Carson City Council would bypass the public vote and approved the plan 3–0.[103] The council voted without having clarified several issues, including who would finance the stadium, how the required three-way land swap would be performed, and how it would raise enough revenue if only one team moved in as tenant.[104] On January 12, the NFL rejected the Raiders' relocation request. However, the NFL left open the possibility of the Raiders relocating to Los Angeles by 2019, playing in a new stadium under construction in Inglewood, California to house the Los Angeles Rams. The San Diego Chargers however had the first option to join the Rams at the new stadium, but the Raiders would have been authorized to negotiate an agreement if the Chargers did not exercise their option by January 2017.[105] The Chargers exercised their option on January 12, 2017, effectively ending any possible Raiders' relocation to Los Angeles.
New stadium in Oakland
On March 7, 2012, then-mayor Jean Quan unveiled an ambitious project to the media that was designed to improve the sports facilities of all three major league sports teams in the city (the Raiders, Major League Baseball (MLB)'s Athletics and the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s Golden State Warriors), as well as attract new businesses to the city. The project, dubbed Coliseum City, had entailed the redevelopment of the existing Oakland Alameda Coliseum complex. The redevelopment would have seen the construction of two new stadiums on the present location, a baseball-only stadium and a football-only stadium, while Oracle Arena, home of the Warriors, will be either rebuilt or undergo extensive renovations. A sum of $3.5 million was committed to preliminary planning on the project. However, no officials from either of Oakland's major league teams were present at the media conference.
According to the San Francisco Business Times, Oakland's assistant city administrator Fred Blackwell said the Bay Investment Group LLC, an entity being formed by ColonyCapital LLC, Rashid Al Malik (chairman and CEO of HayaH Holdings), and the city, have numerous details to continue working out for the prospective $2 billion Coliseum City project, which covers 800 acres surrounding the Oakland Alameda Coliseum Complex. The development team also includes JRDV Urban International, HKS Architects, and Forest City Real Estate Services. In an ideal situation, construction could start by the end of 2014.[106] Meanwhile, as of 2014, the Warriors are going forward with plans to build a new arena at Mission Bay, not far from AT&T Park, and move back across the Bay Area from Oakland to San Francisco as soon as 2019.
Ronnie Lott proposal
On May 23, 2016, It was reported by the San Francisco Chronicle and other media outlets that a group led by NFL Hall of Famer Ronnie Lott and retired quarterback Rodney Peete are looking into building a new stadium for the Raiders. The group has met with team executives and Oakland city officials to brief them on their proposal. They have also met with mayor Libby Schaaf. The Alameda County Board of Supervisors voted to begin negotiations with Lott's group and with the city of Oakland regarding the "price and terms of sale" for the 120-acre land of the Oakland Coliseum and Oracle Arena. On November 22, 2016, a framework deal to keep the Raiders in Oakland was announced.
The proposal was officially announced in December 2016,[107] and calls for a $1.3 billion, football-only stadium built on the existing Coliseum site. It would include mixed use development for possible office or retail space, hotel or residential living and parking, as well as 15 acres set aside for a new baseball-only facility for the Oakland Athletics if the A's so desire. The site also could be expanded to include the land Oracle Arena sits on, with the Warriors cleared to move to their new San Francisco arena by the 2019 season.
In addition to the public land, the city of Oakland would commit $200 million to improve the infrastructure of the surrounding area. The Raiders would contribute $500 million to the stadium, while Lott's group would contribute $400 million; the NFL already committed $300 million when it rejected the Raiders' bid to return to Los Angeles in 2015.[108] Ronnie Lott currently has no financial or ownership stake in the Raiders; some sources have indicated that Lott is also asking for an ownership stake in the Raider franchise as part of the deal.
Mark Davis publicly reiterated his commitment to his announced plans to relocate the Raider franchise to Las Vegas, Nevada (see below) with the support of the state of Nevada and casino mogul Sheldon Adelson,[109] and said he did not wish to negotiate further with Oakland while the Las Vegas deal was still actively in progress; any relocation to Las Vegas needed to be approved by a three-quarters majority of all NFL owners, and NFL commissioner Roger Goodell publicly stated his preference for keeping the Raider franchise in Oakland if at all possible.[86]
The Ronnie Lott proposal was voted on by the Oakland city and Alameda County elected officials on December 13, 2016[108] and approved by Oakland in a 7–0 vote and by Alameda County in a 3–1 vote.[110][111] On March 1, 2017, Fortress Investment Group submitted a tweaked version of the stadium plan to the NFL. On March 27, 2017, the Las Vegas plan was picked over the Lott plan by NFL owners with approval of the franchise's eventual relocation to Las Vegas.
San Antonio, Texas
On July 29, 2014, it was reported by the San Antonio Express-News that Mark Davis met with officials from the city of San Antonio to discuss the possibility of relocating the Raiders to San Antonio after the 2014–15 NFL season.[112] Davis confirmed that he did speak with San Antonio city officials while visiting San Antonio to honor former Raiders wide receiver Cliff Branch's induction into a local Hall of Fame, but did not comment on whether he was considering relocation to San Antonio.[113] San Antonio is home to the 65,000-seat stadium known as the Alamodome, where the Raiders would have played until a new stadium could be built.
Concord, California
The abandoned Concord Naval Weapons Station, 26.6 miles from Oakland, was announced in 2013 as a possible location for a new stadium.[114]
San Diego, California
On January 31, 2017, in the aftermath of Adelson and Goldman Sachs withdrawal from Las Vegas stadium deal the San Diego Union-Tribune reported that Mayor Kevin Faulconer reached out to an NFL official to know they are eager to engage, a city official also spoke to a Raiders official on the phone. The Union-Tribune noted that any possible Raiders relocation to San Diego or bringing a team to the city would be aided by a proposal for a soccer-specific stadium and mixed development. NFL commissioner Roger Goodell reiterated, during his State of the NFL address, that San Diego would need a new stadium in order to be a relocation possibility. Another roadblock for a Raiders relocation to the city would would have been the owners of the current Los Angeles teams. Stan Kroenke and Dean Spanos would block any team from sharing Southern California. Especially if that team is the Raiders (given the team's continued popularity in the region). San Diego, as an option for the Raiders, was remote.
San Diego was previously home to the San Diego Chargers from 1961 until 2016 (when the team relocated to the Greater Los Angeles Area), a Raiders move there would have been ironic given that the team's primary rival the Chargers were based in that city. On February 16, 2017, the San Diego Union-Tribune obtained a letter from Doug Manchester that stated he had "assembled a powerful group of associates" who would develop a 70,000 seat stadium on the land of Qualcomm Stadium the letter also stated the project would provide "a viable alternative" to the Raiders in case Las Vegas fell through the group also stated that they were "open to working with the Chargers, Raiders, other NFL owners, or a new ownership group it also stated an NFL franchise could participate as a partner or tenant "Our group will provide the funds previously allocated to be provided by the City of San Diego and guarantee the stadium's expeditious construction, Accordingly it will not require voter approval" it also says they would provide "new state of the art scoreboards and upgrade Qualcomm Stadium while the new stadium is being constructed".
Culture
Slogans
Al Davis coined slogans such as "Pride and Poise", "Commitment to Excellence", and "Just Win, Baby"—all of which are registered trademarks of the team.[115] "Commitment to Excellence" comes from a quote of Vince Lombardi, "The quality of a person's life is in direct proportion to their commitment to excellence, regardless of their chosen field of endeavor."[116]
Raider Nation
The nickname Raider Nation refers to the die hard fans of the team spread throughout the United States and the world.[117] Members of the Raider Nation who attend home games are known for arriving to the stadium early, tailgating, and dressing up in face masks and black outfits. The Raider Nation is also known for the Black Hole, a specific area of the Coliseum (sections 104–107) frequented by the team's rowdiest and most fervent fans.[118][119]
Al Davis created the phrase Raider Nation in 1968. In September 2009, Ice Cube recorded a song for the Raiders named "Raider Nation".[citation needed] In 2010, he took part in a documentary for ESPN's 30 for 30 series titled Straight Outta L.A..[120] It mainly focuses on N.W.A and the effect of the Raiders' image on their persona.[121]
Cheerleaders
The Oakland Raiderettes are the cheerleading squad for the Oakland Raiders. They were established in 1961 as the Oakland Raiderettes. During the team's time in Los Angeles they were the Los Angeles Raiderettes. They have been billed as "Football's Fabulous Females".
Radio and television
Oakland Raiders Radio Network
Raider games are broadcast in English on 16 radio stations in California, including flagship station KGMZ 95.7 (FM) "The Game" in San Francisco. Additionally, games are broadcast on 20 radio stations in Nevada, Oregon, Colorado, Idaho, Hawaii, Virginia, Texas, Arkansas, Nebraska and Georgia. Greg Papa is the play-by-play announcer, with former Raider coach and quarterback Tom Flores doing commentary. George Atkinson and Jim Plunkett offer pre- and post-game commentary. Compass Media Networks is responsible for producing and distributing Raiders radio broadcasts.
Bill King was the voice of the Raiders from 1966 to 1992, during which time he called approximately 600 games. The Raiders awarded him rings for all three of their Super Bowl victories. It is King's radio audio heard on most of the NFL Films highlight footage of the Raiders. King's call of the Holy Roller has been labeled (by Chris Berman, among others) as one of the five best in NFL history. King died in October 2005 from complications after surgery. Former San Francisco 49ers tight end Monty Stickles and Scotty Stirling, an Oakland Tribune sportswriter, served as "color men" with King. The Raider games were called on radio from 1960 to 1962 by Bud (Wilson Keene) Foster and Mel Venter, and from 1963 to 1965 by Bob Blum and Dan Galvin.
Television
The Raiders' games are broadcast locally on CBS affiliate KPIX (when playing an AFC opponent) and on Fox affiliate KTVU (when hosting an NFC opponent), unless the game is blacked out locally. Sunday night and a few Thursday night games are on NBC affiliate KNTV.
The Raiders are a beneficiary of league scheduling policies. Both the Raiders and the San Francisco 49ers share the San Francisco Bay Area market, on the West Coast of the United States. This means that the Raiders cannot play any home games, road division games against the Denver Broncos or Los Angeles Chargers, or interconference road games against the NFC West (in seasons that the AFC West and NFC West meet in interconference play) in the early 10:00 a.m. Pacific time slot. In addition, they cannot play interconference home games at the same time or network as the 49ers. As a result, both teams generally have more limited scheduling options, and also benefit by receiving more prime time games than usual.
Rivals
The Raiders have rivalries with the other three teams in the AFC West (Denver Broncos, Kansas City Chiefs, and Los Angeles Chargers) and a geographic rivalry with the San Francisco 49ers. They also have rivalries with other teams that arose from playoff battles in the past, most notably with the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots. The Seattle Seahawks have an old rivalry with Oakland as well, but the rivalry became less relevant when the Seahawks moved to the NFC West as part of the NFL's 2002 realignment.
Divisional rivals
- Kansas City Chiefs
The Chiefs are the Raiders biggest (and most hated) divisional foe, and the bitter rivalry between the two teams have had several memorable moments. Oakland lost the 1969 AFL Championship against Kansas City, who went on to beat the Minnesota Vikings and win the Super Bowl. From 1990 to 1999, the Raiders have lost 17 out of 20 regular season meetings between the Chiefs, including a 10–game losing streak at Kansas City; the Raiders also lost to the Chiefs on December 28, 1991 Wild Card Playoffs; final score was 10–6. On September 8, 1996, the Chiefs also began to lead the overall series against the Raiders for the first time since November 23, 1969. On January 1, 2000, the last game of the 1999 NFL regular season, the Raiders defeated the Chiefs for the first time in Kansas City since 1988 in overtime on a 33-yard field goal kick made by Joe Nedney. The Chiefs lead the overall series 62–52–2, and are the only team in the AFC West that the Raiders have a losing record against. Oakland currently has defeated Kansas City just once since the 2012 NFL season, losing the last 5 meetings since that lone win (in Week 12 of the 2014 season).
- Denver Broncos
The Raiders' rivalry with the Broncos, while not as bitter as their rivalry with the Chiefs, is still very heated, as the two teams have faced each other twice a year since the AFL's inception. The Raiders had a 14-game winning streak against the Broncos from 1965 to 1971, which lasted until October 22, 1972 when the Broncos defeated the Raiders 30–23. While the Raiders still hold the advantage in the all-time series 60–49–2, the Broncos amassed 21 wins in 28 games, from the 1995 season and the arrival of Broncos head coach Mike Shanahan, through the 2008 season. Shanahan coached the Raiders before being fired just four games into the 1989 season, which has only served to intensify this rivalry. On Sunday, October 24, 2010, the Raiders beat the Broncos (59–14), giving the Raiders the most points scored in a game in the team's history. On December 13, 2015, The Raiders pulled a huge upset on the Broncos (15–12) by a spectacular performance from their defense allowing 4 field goals. Linebacker Khalil Mack who recorded 5 sacks In that game against Denver which is tied the most sacks in franchise along with Howie Long. The Broncos' first ever Super Bowl appearance (in the 1977 season) was made possible by defeating Oakland in the AFC Championship. Final Score was 20–17.
- Los Angeles Chargers
The Los Angeles Chargers' rivalry with Oakland dates to the 1963 season, when the Raiders defeated the heavily favored Chargers twice, both come-from-behind fourth quarter victories. The Raiders have had a temporary fantastic winning streak without losing to the Chargers of a 16–0–2 record from 1968 to 1977. One of the most memorable games between these teams was the "Holy Roller" game in 1978, in which the Raiders fumbled for a touchdown in a very controversial play. In January 1981, the Chargers hosted their first AFC title against the Raiders. The Raiders were victorious over the Chargers of a score 34–27. The Raiders ended up moving on to play in Super Bowl 15 defeating the Eagles 27–10. On November 22, 1982, the Raiders hosted their first Monday Night football game in Los Angeles against the San Diego Chargers. The Chargers led the game in the 1st half 24–0 until the Raiders came into the 2nd half and made a huge comeback and defeated the San Diego Chargers 28–24. On October 10, 2010, The Raiders ended their 13-game losing streak to the San Diego Chargers with a score of 35–27. The Raiders hold the overall series advantage at 59–50–2.
Battle of the Bay rivalry
The San Francisco 49ers, located on the other side of San Francisco Bay, are the Raiders' geographic rivals. The first exhibition game played in 1967, ended with the NFL 49ers defeating the AFL Raiders 13–10. After the 1970 merger, the 49ers won in Oakland 38–7. As a result, games between the two are referred to as the "Battle of the Bay."[citation needed] Since the two teams play in different conferences, regular-season matchups happen at least every four years. Fans and players of the winning team can claim "bragging rights" as the better team in the area.
On August 20, 2011, in the third week of the preseason, the preseason game between the rivals was marked by fights in restrooms and stands at Candlestick Park, including a shooting outside the stadium in which several were injured. The NFL has decided to cancel all future preseason games between the Raiders and 49ers.
The Raiders currently lead the all-time regular season series with 7 wins to the 49ers' 6. Oakland won the latest matchup at home 24–13, on December 7 in Week 14 of the 2014 regular season.
Unless the NFL scheduling formula is reconfigured, the next matchup will be in 2018.
Historical rivals
The rivalry between the Raiders and New England Patriots dates to their time in the AFL, but was intensified during a 1978 preseason game, when Patriots wide receiver Darryl Stingley was permanently paralyzed after a vicious hit delivered by Raiders free safety Jack Tatum. Before that, New England also lost a playoff game in 1976 to the Raiders; the game is unofficially known as "The Ben Dreith Game" due to a controversial penalty by head referee Dreith. The two teams met in a divisional-round playoff game in 2002, which became known as the "Tuck Rule Game". Late in the game, an incomplete pass, ruled a fumble, by Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was overturned, and New England went on to win in overtime and eventually won the Super Bowl against the heavily favored St. Louis Rams, the Raiders' former crosstown rivals in Los Angeles.[122] Since that game, the Patriots have won four of the last five regular season contests between the two teams. The first contest being the following year during the 2002 season in Oakland, with the Raiders winning 27–20; they met in the 2005 season opener in New England with the Patriots ruining Randy Moss' debut as a Raider 30–20; the Patriots defeated the Raiders 49–26 in December 2008 in Bill Belichick's 100th regular season win as Patriots coach; a Patriots 31–19 win during the 2011 season; and the most recent being a scrappy 16–9 Patriots win in the third week of the 2014 season.
The New York Jets began a strong rivalry with the Raiders in the AFL during the 1960s that continued through much of the 1970s, fueled in part by Raider Ike Lassiter breaking star quarterback Joe Namath's jaw during a 1967 game (though Ben Davidson wrongly got blamed),[123] the famous Heidi Game during the 1968 season, and the Raiders' bitter loss to the Jets in the AFL Championship later that season. The rivalry waned in later years, but saw a minor resurgence in the 2000–02 period.[124][125] The Jets edged the Raiders in the final week of the 2001 season 24–22 on a last-second John Hall field goal; the Raiders hosted the Jets in the Wild Card round the following Saturday and won 38–24. In the 2002 season the Raiders defeated the Jets 26–20 in December, then defeated them again in the AFC Divisional Playoffs, 30–10. The Raiders lost the 37–27 on December 8, 2013, but won the most recent matchup 20–34 on November 1, 2015.[126]
Rivalries that have waned in recent[when?] years have been with the Miami Dolphins and Houston Oilers/Tennessee Titans. The Raiders faced the Dolphins twice in the early 1970s; the Dolphins defeated the Raiders in the 1973 AFC Championship Game 27–10 on their way to Super Bowl VIII. The next year in the divisional playoffs the Raiders trailed Miami 26–21; in the final minute the Raiders drove to the Miami eight yard line; a desperation pass by Ken Stabler was caught in traffic by Clarence Davis in the play known as the "Sea Of Hands."
The Pittsburgh Steelers' rivalry with the Raiders has historically been very tight; as of the 2015 season the Raiders lead the rivalry 12 wins to 11, and their playoff rivalry is tied 3–3. The rivalry was extremely intense during the 1970s. The Steelers knocked the Raiders out of the playoffs in three of four consecutive seasons in the early 1970s (the first loss was the "Immaculate Reception" game) until the Raiders finally beat the Steelers in the 1976 AFC Championship (and went on to win Super Bowl XI). During the 1975 AFC Championship game, Raiders strong safety George Atkinson delivered a hit on Pittsburgh wide receiver Lynn Swann that gave him a concussion. When the two teams met in the 1976 season opener, Atkinson hit Swann again and gave him another concussion. After the second incident, Steelers head coach Chuck Noll referred to Atkinson as part of the "criminal element" in the NFL. Atkinson filed a $2 million defamation lawsuit against Noll and the Steelers, which he lost.[127] The two clubs' three most recent contests harkened back to the rivalry's history of bitterness and close competition. On December 6, 2009 the 3–8 Raiders helped spoil the defending champions' quest for the playoffs as the game lead changed five times in the fourth quarter and a Louis Murphy touchdown with 11 seconds to go won it 27–24 for the Raiders. Oakland was then beaten 35–3 by Pittsburgh on November 21, 2010; this game brought out the roughness of the rivalry's 1970s history when Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger was punched by Raiders defensive end Richard Seymour following a touchdown. Most recently, on November 8, 2015 the Steelers outplayed the Raiders for a 38–35 victory. During the game the Raiders defense allowed wide receiver Antonio Brown to catch 17 passes for 284 yards. Both are Steelers team records and the 284 yards is the 7th most yards receiving in a game in NFL history.
The Raiders faced the Houston Oilers throughout the AFL era and twice in AFL playoffs in the late 1960s, winning 40–7 in 1967 on their way to Super Bowl II and 56–7 in the 1969 divisional playoffs. Oakland defeated the Oilers in the 1980 Wild Card playoffs 27–7 and defeated the Titans in the 2002 AFC Championship Game 41–24; the combined scores of these four games is 164–45.
Historic battle for Los Angeles rivalry
As mentioned earlier, the Oakland Raiders and Los Angeles Rams had a rivalry during the 13 years both teams shared the Los Angeles market. The teams met six times in the regular season in this period; Raiders won the 1st meeting 37–31 when both teams met in this period in December 18, 1982, with the Raiders winning four times during the battle of Los Angeles.
Raiders vs. opponents
Notes:
- Regular season record (all-time): 456–401–11 (.532) as of week 17 of the 2016 NFL season.[128]
- Playoff record (all-time): 25–19
- The Kansas City Chiefs were known as the Dallas Texans.
- The New York Jets were known as the New York Titans.
- The Tennessee Titans were known as the Houston Oilers.
| Raiders vs. NFL | ||||||||
| Opponent | First meeting | Regular season | Playoffs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wins | Losses | Ties | Win % | Wins | Losses | Win % | ||
| Arizona Cardinals | 1973 | 5 | 4 | 0 | .556 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Atlanta Falcons | 1971 | 7 | 7 | 0 | .500 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Baltimore Ravens | 1996 | 3 | 6 | 0 | .333 | 0 | 1 | .000 |
| Buffalo Bills | 1960 | 21 | 17 | 0 | .553 | 0 | 2 | .000 |
| Carolina Panthers | 1997 | 3 | 3 | 0 | .500 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Chicago Bears | 1972 | 7 | 7 | 0 | .500 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Cincinnati Bengals | 1968 | 18 | 10 | 0 | .643 | 2 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Cleveland Browns | 1970 | 12 | 10 | 0 | .545 | 2 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Dallas Cowboys | 1974 | 6 | 5 | 0 | .545 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Denver Broncos | 1960 | 61 | 50 | 2 | .549 | 1 | 1 | .500 |
| Detroit Lions | 1970 | 6 | 6 | 0 | .500 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Green Bay Packers | 1968 | 5 | 7 | 0 | .417 | 0 | 1 | .000 |
| Houston Texans | 2004 | 4 | 6 | 0 | .400 | 0 | 1 | .000 |
| Indianapolis Colts | 1971 | 8 | 6 | 0 | .571 | 1 | 1 | .500 |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | 1996 | 4 | 4 | 0 | .500 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Kansas City Chiefs | 1960 | 51 | 60 | 2 | .460 | 1 | 2 | .333 |
| Los Angeles Chargers | 1960 | 62 | 50 | 2 | .553 | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Los Angeles Rams | 1972 | 8 | 5 | 0 | .615 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Miami Dolphins | 1966 | 16 | 16 | 1 | .500 | 3 | 1 | .750 |
| Minnesota Vikings | 1973 | 9 | 5 | 0 | .643 | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| New England Patriots | 1960 | 14 | 16 | 1 | .468 | 1 | 2 | .333 |
| New Orleans Saints | 1971 | 6 | 6 | 1 | .500 | 0 | 0 | – |
| New York Giants | 1973 | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 0 | 0 | – |
| New York Jets | 1960 | 22 | 17 | 2 | .561 | 2 | 2 | .500 |
| Philadelphia Eagles | 1971 | 5 | 6 | 0 | .455 | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | 1970 | 12 | 10 | 0 | .545 | 3 | 3 | .500 |
| San Francisco 49ers | 1970 | 7 | 6 | 0 | .538 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Seattle Seahawks | 1977 | 28 | 24 | 0 | .538 | 1 | 1 | .500 |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | 1976 | 7 | 2 | 0 | .778 | 0 | 1 | .000 |
| Tennessee Titans | 1960 | 25 | 20 | 0 | .556 | 4 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Washington Redskins | 1970 | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
Ownership, administration and financial operations
Founding of the franchise
Max Winter, a Minneapolis businessman was among the eight proposed franchise owners in the American Football League. In a move typical of the NFL owners who were frightened by the prospect of competition and continually obstructed the new league, they offered Winter an expansion franchise in the NFL. This was AFTER the NFL had rejected Lamar Hunt's feelers, saying they were not interested in expansion. One of many obfuscations put forward by the NFL in its attempt to derail the AFL.
After the AFL's first draft, in which players were selected for the THEN-NAMELESS Minneapolis franchise, Winter reneged from his agreement with the AFL owners and defected to the NFL with a franchise that started play in 1961 and was named the Minnesota Vikings. The Vikings were never an AFL team, nor did they have any association with the AFL. Many of the players (including Abner Haynes) that had been assigned to the UNNAMED and defunct Minneapolis AFL franchise were signed by some of the seven loyal remaining members of the AFL's 'Foolish Club'.
The city of Oakland was awarded the eighth AFL franchise on January 30, 1960. Once the consortium of owners was found for the eighth franchise, the team was named the Raiders.[129][130] Because many of the defunct Minneapolis franchise's originally drafted players were signed by other AFL teams, the AFL held an 'allocation' draft, in which each team earmarked players that could be chosen by the Raiders.
The Minneapolis group did not take with them any of the rights to players they drafted when they defected to the NFL, because their first draft in that league was in 1961. The Raiders were not originally in Minnesota as some claim. They were a new, charter franchise in the American Football League. One reason they were so weak in the first few years of the AFL was that the other AFL teams did not make quality players available in the allocation draft.
At the time, Oakland seemed an unlikely venue for a professional football team. The city had not asked for a team, there was no ownership group and there was no stadium in Oakland suitable for pro football (the closest stadiums were in Berkeley and San Francisco) and there was already a successful NFL franchise in the Bay Area in the San Francisco 49ers. However, the AFL owners selected Oakland after Los Angeles Chargers owner Barron Hilton threatened to forfeit his franchise unless a second team was placed on the West Coast.[131]
Upon receiving the franchise, Oakland civic leaders found a number of businesspeople willing to invest in the new team. A limited partnership was formed to own the team headed by managing general partner Y. Charles (Chet) Soda (1908–89), a local real estate developer, and included general partners Ed McGah (1899–1983), Robert Osborne (1898–1968), F. Wayne Valley (1914–86), restaurateur Harvey Binns (1914–82), Don Blessing (1904–2000), and contractor Charles Harney (1902–62)[132] as well as numerous limited partners.
The Raiders finished their first campaign with a 6–8 record, and lost $500,000. Desperately in need of money to continue running the team, Valley received a $400,000 loan from Buffalo Bills founder Ralph C. Wilson Jr.[133]
After the conclusion of the first season Soda dropped out of the partnership, and on January 17, 1961, Valley, McGah and Osborne bought out the remaining four general partners. Soon after, Valley and McGah purchased Osborne's interest, with Valley named as the managing general partner.
In 1962, Valley hired Al Davis, a former assistant coach for the San Diego Chargers, as head coach and general manager. In April 1966, Davis left the Raiders after being named AFL Commissioner. Two months later, the league announced its merger with the NFL. With the merger, the position of commissioner was no longer needed, and Davis entered into discussions with Valley about returning to the Raiders. On July 25, 1966, Davis returned as part owner of the team. He purchased a 10% interest in the team for US $18,000, and became the team's third general partner — the partner in charge of football operations.[13][14]
In 1972, with Wayne Valley out of the country for several weeks attending the Olympic Games in Munich, Davis's attorneys drafted a revised partnership agreement that gave him total control over all of the Raiders' operations. McGah, a supporter of Davis, signed the agreement. Under partnership law, by a 2–1 vote of the general partners, the new agreement was thus ratified. Valley was furious when he discovered this, and immediately filed suit to have the new agreement overturned, but the court sided with Davis and McGah.
In 1976, Valley sold his interest in the team, and Davis — who now owned only 25% of the Raiders — was firmly in charge.[13][134]
Current ownership structure
Legally, the club is a limited partnership with nine partners — Davis' heirs and the heirs of the original eight team partners. From 1972 onward, Davis had exercised near-complete control as president of the team's general partner, A.D. Football, Inc. Although exact ownership stakes are not known, it has been reported that Davis owned 47% of the team shares before his death in 2011.[135]
Ed McGah, the last of the original eight general partners of the Raiders, died in September 1983. Upon his death, his interest was devised to a family trust, of which his son, E.J. McGah, was the trustee. The younger McGah was himself a part-owner of the team, as a limited partner, and died in 2002. Several members of the McGah family filed suit against Davis in October 2003, alleging mismanagement of the team by Davis. The lawsuit sought monetary damages and to remove Davis and A. D. Football, Inc. as the team's managing general partner. Among their specific complaints, the McGahs alleged that Davis failed to provide them with detailed financial information previously provided to Ed and E.J. McGah. The Raiders countered that—under the terms of the partnership agreement as amended in 1972—upon the death of the elder McGah in 1983, his general partner interest converted to that of a limited partner. The team continued to provide the financial information to the younger McGah as a courtesy, though it was under no obligation to do so.[136]
The majority of the lawsuit was dismissed in April 2004, when an Alameda County Superior Court judge ruled that the case lacked merit since none of the other partners took part in the lawsuit.[citation needed] In October 2005, the lawsuit was settled out of court. The terms of the settlement are confidential, but it was reported that under its terms Davis purchased the McGah family's interest in the Raiders (approximately 31%), which gave him for the first time a majority interest, speculated to be approximately 67% of the team. As a result of the settlement, confidential details concerning Al Davis and the ownership of the Raiders were not released to the public.[citation needed] His ownership share went down to 47% when he sold 20% of the team to Wall Street investors [135]
In 2006, it was reported that Davis had been attempting to sell the 31% ownership stake in the team obtained from the McGah family. He was unsuccessful in this effort, reportedly because the sale would not give the purchaser any control of the Raiders, even in the event of Davis's death.[137]
Al Davis died on October 8, 2011, at 82. According to a 1999 partnership agreement, Davis' interest passed to his wife, Carol.[137] After Davis' death, Raiders chief executive Amy Trask said that the team "will remain in the Davis family."[5] Al and Carol's son, Mark, inherited his father's old post as managing general partner and serves as the public face of the ownership.
Financial operations
 | This section needs to be updated. (January 2016) |
According to a 2006 report released by Forbes Magazine, the Raiders' overall team value of US $736 million ranked 28th out of 32 NFL teams.[138] The team ranked in the bottom three in league attendance from 2003 to 2005, and failed to sell out a majority of their home games. One of the reasons cited for the poor attendance figures was the decision to issue costly personal seat licenses (PSLs) upon the Raiders' return to Oakland in 1995. The PSLs, which ranged in cost from $250 to $4,000, were meant to help repay the $200 million it cost the city of Oakland and Alameda County to expand Overstock.com Coliseum. They were only valid for ten years, however, while other teams issue them permanently. As a result, fewer than 31,000 PSLs were sold for a stadium that holds twice that number. Since 1995, television blackouts of Raiders home games have been common.[139]
In November 2005, the team announced that it was taking over ticket sales from the privately run Oakland Football Marketing Association (OFMA), and abolishing PSLs.[139] In February 2006, the team also announced that it would lower ticket prices for most areas of Overstock.com Coliseum.[140] Just prior to the start of the 2006 NFL season, the Raiders revealed that they had sold 37,000 season tickets, up from 29,000 the previous year.[141] Despite the team's 2–14 record, they sold out six of their eight home games in 2006.[142][failed verification]
Legal battles
The Raiders and Al Davis have been involved in several lawsuits throughout their history, including ones against the NFL. When the NFL declined to approve the Raiders' move from Oakland to Los Angeles in 1980, the team joined the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Commission in a lawsuit against the league alleging a violation of antitrust laws.[143] The Coliseum Commission received a settlement from the NFL of $19.6 million in 1987.[144] In 1986, Davis testified on behalf of the United States Football League in their unsuccessful antitrust lawsuit against the NFL. He was the only NFL owner to do so.[145]
After relocating back to Oakland, the team sued the NFL for interfering with their negotiations to build a new stadium at Hollywood Park prior to the move. The Raiders' lawsuit further contended that they had the rights to the Los Angeles market, and thus were entitled to compensation from the league for giving up those rights by moving to Oakland. A jury found in favor of the NFL in 2001, but the verdict was overturned a year later due to alleged juror misconduct. In February 2005, a California Court of Appeal unanimously upheld the original verdict.[146]
When the Raiders moved back from Los Angeles in 1995, the city of Oakland and the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Authority agreed to sell Personal Seat Licenses (PSLs) to help pay for the renovations to their stadium. But after games rarely sold out, the Raiders filed suit, claiming that they were misled by the city and the Coliseum Authority with the false promise that there would be sellouts. On November 2, 2005, a settlement was announced, part of which was the abolishment of PSLs as of the 2006 season.[147]
Trademark and trade dress dilution
In 1996, the team sued the NFL in Santa Clara County, California, in a lawsuit that ultimately included 22 separate causes of action. Included in the team's claims were claims that the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' pirate logo diluted the team's California trademark in its own pirate logo and for trade dress dilution on the ground that the League had improperly permitted other teams (including the Buccaneers and Carolina Panthers) to adopt colors for their uniforms similar to those of the Raiders. Among other things, the lawsuit sought an injunction to prevent the Buccaneers and Panthers from wearing their uniforms while playing in California. In 2003, these claims were dismissed on summary judgment because the relief sought would violate the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.[148]
BALCO scandal
In 2003, a number of current and former Oakland players such as Bill Romanowski, Tyrone Wheatley, Barrett Robbins, Chris Cooper and Dana Stubblefield were named as clients of the Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative (BALCO). BALCO was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. In 2003, journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada investigated the company's role in a drug sports scandal later referred to as the BALCO Affair. BALCO marketed tetrahydrogestrinone ("the Clear"), a then-undetected, performance-enhancing steroid developed by chemist Patrick Arnold. Conte, BALCO vice president James Valente, weight trainer Greg Anderson and coach Remi Korchemny had supplied a number of high-profile sports stars from the United States and Europe with the Clear and human growth hormone for several years.
Headquartered in Burlingame, California, BALCO was founded in 1984. Officially, BALCO was a service business for blood and urine analysis and food supplements. In 1988, Victor Conte offered free blood and urine tests to a group of athletes known as the BALCO Olympians. He then was allowed to attend the Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. From 1996 Conte worked with well-known American football star Bill Romanowski, who proved to be useful to establish new connections to athletes and coaches.[149]
Players of note
Current roster
Pro Football Hall of Fame members
The Pro Football Hall of Fame has inducted 14 players who made their primary contribution to professional football while with the Raiders, in addition to coach-owner-commissioner Al Davis, head coach John Madden and executive Ron Wolf. The Raiders' total is of 25 Hall of Famers.[150]
Notes:
- Hall of Famers who made the major part of their primary contribution for the Raiders are listed in bold.
- Hall of Famers who spent only a minor portion of their career with the Raiders are listed in normal font.
| Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders Hall of Famers | ||||
| No. | Name | Position(s) | Tenure | Inducted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 77 | Ron Mix | OT | 1971 | 1979 |
| 00 | Jim Otto | C | 1960–1974 | 1980 |
| 16 | George Blanda | QB–K | 1967–1975 | 1981 |
| 24 | Willie Brown | CB | 1967–1978 | 1984 |
| 63 | Gene Upshaw | G | 1967–1981 | 1987 |
| 14, 25 | Fred Biletnikoff | WR | 1965–1978 | 1988 |
| 78 | Art Shell | OT | 1968–1982 | 1989 |
| 83 | Ted Hendricks | LB | 1975–1983 | 1990 |
| – | Al Davis | Coach-Owner-Commissioner | 1963–2011 | 1992 |
| 22 | Mike Haynes | CB | 1983–1989 | 1997 |
| 29 | Eric Dickerson | RB | 1992 | 1999 |
| 75 | Howie Long | DE | 1981–1993 | 2000 |
| 42 | Ronnie Lott | S | 1991–1992 | 2000 |
| 87 | Dave Casper | TE | 1974–1980, 1984 | 2002 |
| 32 | Marcus Allen | RB | 1982–1992 | 2003 |
| 80 | James Lofton | WR | 1987–1988 | 2003 |
| 76 | Bob Brown | OT | 1971–1973 | 2004 |
| – | John Madden | Head Coach | 1969–1978 | 2006 |
| 26 | Rod Woodson | S | 2002–2003 | 2009 |
| 80 | Jerry Rice | WR | 2001–2004 | 2010 |
| 99 | Warren Sapp | DT | 2004–2007 | 2013 |
| 8 | Ray Guy | P | 1973–1986 | 2014 |
| – | Ron Wolf | Scout Player Personnel Director |
1963–1974 1979–1989 |
2015 |
| 81 | Tim Brown | WR | 1988–2003 | 2015 |
| 12 | Ken Stabler | QB | 1970–1979 | 2016 |
Retired numbers
The Raider organization does not retire the jersey numbers of former players on an official or unofficial basis. The number 00, worn by Jim Otto for his entire career except for his first season, is no longer allowed by the NFL.[151] It was originally permitted for him only by the AFL as a marketing gimmick since his jersey number 00 is a homophone pun of his name (aught-O).
Individual awards
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||
Career leaders
- Passing Yards: 19,078 Ken Stabler (1970–1979)[152]
- Passing Touchdowns: 150 Ken Stabler (1970–1979)
- Rushing Yards: 8,545 Marcus Allen (1982–1992)
- Rushing Touchdowns: 79 Marcus Allen (1982–1992)
- Receptions: 1,070 Tim Brown (1988–2003)
- Receiving Yards: 14,734 Tim Brown (1988–2003)
- Receiving Touchdowns: 99 Tim Brown (1988–2003)
- Total Touchdowns: 104 Tim Brown (1988–2003)
- Points: 1,799 Sebastian Janikowski (2000–present)
- Field Goals Made: 414 Sebastian Janikowski (2000–present)
- Total Punt Yardage: 48,215 Shane Lechler (2000–2012)
- Punting Average: 47.5 Shane Lechler (2000–2012)
- Kickoff Return Yards: 4,841 Chris Carr (2005–2007)
- Punt Return Yards: 3,272 Tim Brown (1988–2003)
- Pass Interceptions: 39 Willie Brown (1967–1978), Lester Hayes (1977–1986)
- Sacks: 107.5 Greg Townsend (1983–1997)
- Winningest Coach: 103 John Madden (1969–1978)
Single-season leaders
- Passing Yards: 4,689 Rich Gannon (2002) – NFL MVP[153]
- Passing Touchdowns: 34 Daryle Lamonica (1969)
- Rushing Yards: 1,759 Marcus Allen (1985) – NFL MVP / NFL Offensive Player of the Year
- Rushing Touchdowns: 16 Pete Banaszak (1975)
- Receptions: 104 Tim Brown (1997)
- Receiving Yards: 1,408 Tim Brown (1997)
- Receiving Touchdowns: 16 Art Powell (1963)
- Total Touchdowns: 18 Marcus Allen (1984)
- Points: 142 Sebastian Janikowski (2010)
- Field Goals Made: 35 Jeff Jaeger (1993)
- Total Punt Yardage: 4,930 Marquette King (2014)
- Punting Average: 51.1 Shane Lechler (2009)
- Kickoff Return Yards: 1,762 Chris Carr (2006)
- Punt Return Yards: 692 Fulton Walker (1985)
- Pass Interceptions: 13 Lester Hayes (1980) – NFL Defensive Player of the Year
- Sacks: 16.0 Derrick Burgess (2005)
All-Pro selections
The following Raiders players have been named to the All-Pro team:
- QB Daryle Lamonica, Rich Gannon (2), Ken Stabler (1)
- RB Marcus Allen, Clem Daniels (2)
- FB Hewritt Dixon, Marcel Reece (1)
- WR Cliff Branch (3), Fred Biletnikoff (2), Art Powell (1)
- TE Dave Casper (4), Todd Christensen (2), Billy Cannon (1)
- T Art Shell (2), Harry Schuh, Lincoln Kennedy (1)
- G Gene Upshaw (5), Steve Wisniewski (2), Kelechi Osemele (1)
- C Jim Otto (10), Barret Robbins (1)
- DE Howie Long, Khalil Mack (2), Ben Davidson (1)
- DT Tom Keating, Dan Birdwell, Bill Pickel, Chester McGlockton, Darrell Russell (1)
- LB Ted Hendricks (2), Rod Martin, Archie Matsos, Khalil Mack (1)
- CB Willie Brown (4), Dave Grayson (3), Fred Williamson, Kent McCloughan, Mike Haynes, Nnamdi Asomugha (2), Lester Hayes, Charles Woodson (1)
- S Tom Morrow, Ronnie Lott, Rod Woodson (1)
- K Jeff Jaeger (1)
- P Shane Lechler (6), Ray Guy (3), Jeff Gossett (1)
- Notes
- In 2015, Khalil Mack was the first player ever to be selected as an AP All-Pro at two positions in the same year.
Pro Bowl selections
The following Raiders players have been named to the Pro Bowl:
- QB Daryle Lamonica, Ken Stabler, Rich Gannon (4), Derek Carr (2), Cotton Davidson, Tom Flores, George Blanda, Jeff Hostetler (1)
- RB Marcus Allen (5), Clem Daniels (4), Marv Hubbard (3), Kenny King, Greg Pruitt, Bo Jackson, Latavius Murray (1)
- FB Hewritt Dixon (4), Marcel Reece (4), Alan Miller (1)
- WR Tim Brown (9), Fred Biletnikoff (6), Art Powell, Cliff Branch (4), Warren Wells, Amari Cooper (2), Jerry Rice (1)
- TE Dave Casper, Todd Christensen (5), Raymond Chester (4), Billy Cannon, Ethan Horton, Zach Miller (1)
- T Art Shell (8), Harry Schuh, Lincoln Kennedy (3), Henry Lawrence (2), Bob Brown, Donald Penn (1)
- G Steve Wisniewski (8), Gene Upshaw (7), Wayne Hawkins (5), Max Montoya, Kevin Gogan, Kelechi Osemele (1)
- C Jim Otto (12), Don Mosebar (3), Dave Dalby, Barret Robbins, Rodney Hudson (1)
- DE Howie Long (8), Ben Davidson (3), Greg Townsend, Derrick Burgess, Khalil Mack (2), Ike Lassiter (1)
- DT Chester McGlockton (4), Tom Keating, Darrell Russell, Richard Seymour (2), Dave Costa, Dan Birdwell, Otis Sistrunk (1)
- LB Phil Villapiano, Ted Hendricks (4), Dan Conners (3), Rod Martin (2), Archie Matsos, Gus Otto, Matt Millen (1)
- CB Willie Brown (7), Lester Hayes, Terry McDaniel (5), Charles Woodson (4), Fred Williamson, Dave Grayson, Mike Haynes, Nnamdi Asomugha (3), Kent McCloughan (2)
- S Jack Tatum (3), George Atkinson, Vann McElroy (2) Charles Woodson, Ronnie Lott, Rod Woodson, Reggie Nelson (1)
- K Jeff Jaeger, Sebastian Janikowski (1)
- P Ray Guy (7), Shane Lechler (7), Jeff Gossett (1)
- LS Jon Condo (2)
Front office and coaching staff
Coaches/Executives
The coaches and executives that have contributed to the history & success of the Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders franchise are as follows:
- Al Davis: head coach (1963–1965), general manager/owner (1966–2011), AFL commissioner (1966)
- Ron Wolf: scout/executive, director of player personnel (1963–1974; 1978–1989)
- John Madden: head coach (1969–1978)
- Tom Flores: assistant head coach, executive assistant coach (1972–1978), head coach (1979–1987), executive (1988)
- John Rauch: head coach (1965–1968)
- John Herrera: business & public relations (1967–1978), director of public relations (1978–1982), senior executive (1985–2012)
- Ken Herock: scout/executive assistant, scout/personnel director (1970–1975), player personnel (1984–1986), executive assistant (1997–1998)
- Al LoCasale: executive assistant (1969–2003)
- Amy Trask: chief executive officer (1987–2013)
- Art Shell: assistant head coach (1983–1989; 1989–1994)
- Bruce Allen: senior executive (1995–2003)
- Jon Gruden: head coach (1998–2001)
- Reggie McKenzie: general manager (2012–present)
- Jack Del Rio: head coach (2015–present)
Current staff
|
| |||||
Notes and references
- ^ "The Oakland Raiders Organization". Oakland Raiders. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ "Quick Facts" (PDF). 2016 Oakland Raiders Media Guide. Oakland Raiders. July 28, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
- ^ "Oakland Raiders Team Capsule" (PDF). 2016 Official National Football League Record and Fact Book. National Football League. July 15, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
- ^ "Davis family will keep ownership of Raiders, executive says". National Football League. October 8, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
- ^ a b Tafur, Vic (October 9, 2011). "Davis family will retain ownership of Raiders". The San Francisco Chronicle. p. B-9. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
- ^ "The Oakland Alameda Coliseum Naming Rights Available". Oracle Arena & Oakland Alameda Coliseum. April 4, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
- ^ Mahbubani, Rhea (April 2, 2016). "Overstock.com Opts out of Naming Rights with O.co Coliseum". KNTV. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ "Oakland Raiders Team Encyclopedia | Pro-Football-Reference.com". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
- ^ a b c Rosenthal, Gregg (March 27, 2017). "NFL team owners approve Raiders' move to Las Vegas". National Football League. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ a b c Raiders Media Relations (March 27, 2017). "Raiders Receive NFL Approval For Las Vegas Relocation". Oakland Raiders. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
- ^ "Raiders Stun Chargers with 33-Point 4th Quarter Outburst". Raiders.com. Archived from the original on 2006-12-30. Retrieved 2007-02-04.
- ^ "Memories of Sid Gillman". Chargers.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
- ^ a b c Burke, Monte (2006-09-18). "A New Test For an Old Raider". Forbes Magazine. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
- ^ a b Dickey, Just Win, Baby, p. 41.
- ^ National Football League lore
- ^ Newhouse, Dave. "1980 Raiders were outcasts, champions". Archived from the original on 2007-01-23. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby. p. 168.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby. p. 172.
- ^ "Al Davis biography". HickokSports.com. Archived from the original on 2002-02-23. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Puma, Mike (2003-12-01). "Good guys wear black". ESPN Classic. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby. p. 234.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby. p. 230.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby. p. 232.
- ^ "Al Davis may retire if Raiders win". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Associated Press. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
- ^ Plaschke, Bill. "Shades of Gray". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby. pp. 234–239.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby. pp. 240–244.
- ^ Anderson, Dave (1990-09-16). "Just Give Me $10 Million, Baby". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
- ^ Czarnecki, John. "Raiders, Broncos renew rivalry". Fox Sports. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Bell, Jarrett (2007-01-17). "Coaches chasing Super Bowl — and history". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
- ^ "Raiders' Move Is Approved". The New York Times. 1995-07-12. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
- ^ Poole, Monte (2005-06-22). "Raiders headed home 10 years ago". Oakland Tribune. Retrieved 2007-02-02.[dead link]
- ^ Ratto, Ray (2002-01-20). "Conspiracy theorists have a fresh cause". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
- ^ "Raiders promote Callahan to head coach". ESPN.com. Associated Press. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
- ^ Clayton, John. "Gruden proves how much coaching matters". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
- ^ Kalb, Elliott (2007-02-01). "The worst decisions in Super Bowl history". FOX Sports. Archived from the original on 2007-04-02. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
- ^ "Portis runs Denver past error-prone Raiders". NFL.com. 2003-11-30. Archived from the original on 2006-09-08. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
- ^ Gay, Nancy (2005-08-07). "Gannon makes it official – he's done". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-02-04.
- ^ Clayton, John (2006-02-11). "Shell to return to Raiders as head coach". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2007-02-04.
- ^ "Shell out after one season as Raiders coach". NFL.com. 2007-01-04. Archived from the original on 2007-01-26. Retrieved 2007-02-04.
- ^ "Raiders secure top draft pick for first time since 1962". OnlineAthens.com. Associated Press. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2007-02-04.
- ^ White, David (2007-01-22). "Raiders hire USC's Kiffin to be head coach". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-01-23.
- ^ "With payday secured, Russell begins NFL journey". 13 September 2007.
- ^ "Russell to make first career start in Raiders' finale". 24 December 2007.
- ^ "Oakland Raiders | Transactions". Raiders.com. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
- ^ Corman, Rebecca (2013-08-14). "Raiders Obtain Quarterback Matt Flynn from Seattle". Raiders.com. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
- ^ McIntyre, Brian (2013-05-21). "Charles Woodson agrees to one-year deal with the Oakland Raiders | Shutdown Corner – Yahoo! Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
- ^ "Raiders fire Dennis Allen after two-plus seasons". National Football League. September 29, 2014. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
- ^ Bair, Scott (January 14, 2015). "Raiders get their man, hire Jack Del Rio as new head coach". Comcast SportsNet Bay Area.[dead link]
- ^ Bien, Louis (January 4, 2016). "Rams, Raiders and Chargers file for relocation to Los Angeles". SB Nation. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
- ^ Hanzus, Dan (January 12, 2016). "Rams to relocate to L.A.; Chargers first option to join". NFL.com. National Football League. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
- ^ "Letter from Dean Spanos". Chargers.com. Los Angeles Chargers. January 12, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ "Chargers to Relocate to Los Angeles". Chargers.com. Los Angeles Chargers. January 12, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ Crabtree, Curtis (January 13, 2016). "Raiders statement on decision and plans doesn't mention "Oakland"". profootballtalk.nbcsports.com. PFT (NBC Sports). Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ Associated Press (February 11, 2016). "Raiders owner Mark Davis calls lease deal 'win-win' for both sides". ESPN.com. ESPN/AP. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ Stutz, Howard (January 28, 2016). "Las Vegas Sands proposes $1B domed stadium; Adelson to meet with Raiders owner". reviewjournal.com. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ Gutierrez, Paul (April 28, 2016). "Raiders owner Mark Davis says he wants to move team to Las Vegas". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (June 5, 2016). "Ronnie Lott's pitch for Raiders stadium wins NFL boss' backing". sfchronicle.com. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ Gutierrez, Melody (October 11, 2016). "Nevada Senate votes to help fund stadium for Raiders". sfgate.com. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ Richardson, Seth (October 14, 2016). "Raiders stadium deal passes Legislature, Sandoval to sign on Monday". rgj.com. Reno Gazette-Journal/USA Today. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ Trotter, Jim (October 19, 2016). "Mark Davis tells owners he will file for Raiders' move to Vegas". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
- ^ Paskal, Eddie (December 20, 2016). "Oakland Raiders Lead NFL With Seven Pro Bowl Selections". raiders.com. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
- ^ a b "Oakland Raiders file Las Vegas relocation paperwork". National Football League. January 19, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
- ^ "Owners may vote on Raiders proposed move next week". ESPN.com. March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
- ^ "Grid Team Named-- They're Senors". Oakland Tribune. Oakland, California. April 5, 1960. p. 37.
Soda said, "My own personal choice would have been Mavericks, but I believe we came up with a real fine name." The selection committee narrowed the choices down to Admirals, Lakers, Diablos, Seawolves, Gauchos, Nuggets, Señors Dons, Costers, Grandees, Sequoias, Missiles, Knights, Redwoods, Clippers, Jets, and Dolphins.
- ^ "Now It's Hi, Raiders! (Bye, Senors)". Oakland Tribune. Oakland, California. April 14, 1960. p. 1.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby, p. 8.
- ^ Otto, The Pain of Glory, p. 69.
- ^ Paskal, Eddie (May 21, 2015). "Raiders Recognized For Iconic Uniforms". Oakland Raiders. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
- ^ White, David (2008-09-29). "Hard-tackling safety produces one of his own". The San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29584/OAK_Gamebook.pdf
- ^ Paul Lukas. "Uni Watch: Comprehensive NFL preview". ESPN.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby, p. 10.
- ^ "Las Vegas Sands wants stadium for UNLV, possibly Raiders". Sports Illustrated. Associated Press. January 28, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
- ^ a b "Raiders owner willing to give $20M toward Las Vegas stadium". National Football League. Associated Press. April 28, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
- ^ Gutierrez, Paul (April 28, 2016). "Raiders owner Mark Davis says he wants to move team to Las Vegas". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
- ^ "Oakland Raiders owner willing to spend $500 million to move team to Vegas". Fox News Channel. Associated Press. April 28, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
- ^ Knoblauch, Austin (May 20, 2016). "Robert Kraft would support Raiders move to Las Vegas". National Football League. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
- ^ Mike Axisa (27 March 2017). "Why MLB will likely not join the NHL and NFL and put a team in Las Vegas". CBS Sports.
- ^ Richardson, Seth (August 11, 2016). "Raiders relocation could include Reno training camp". Reno Gazette-Journal. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ Perez, A.J. (August 25, 2016). "Oakland Raiders file to trademark 'Las Vegas Raiders' name". USA Today. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
- ^ "Stadium plan to lure Raiders to Las Vegas passes vote". National Football League. Associated Press. September 15, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
- ^ Chereb, Sandra; Whaley, Sean (October 11, 2016). "Raiders stadium project for Las Vegas clears Nevada Senate in 16–5 vote". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
- ^ "Las Vegas stadium plan gains approval from Nevada Legislature". National Football League. Associated Press. October 14, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
- ^ Gutierrez, Paul (October 15, 2016). "Mark Davis: Raiders' Oakland plan unchanged even if Las Vegas deal OK'd". ESPN. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
- ^ a b Breech, John (October 19, 2016). "Goodell wants Raiders in Oakland, while Davis wants game in Vegas in 2017". CBS Sports. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ "Nevada governor signs bill to approve Las Vegas stadium plan". National Football League. Associated Press. October 17, 2016. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ^ Spousta, Tom (October 17, 2016). "Gov. Brian Sandoval signs Raiders stadium bill — VIDEO". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ^ Boilard, Kevin (November 12, 2016). "Report: NFL against Las Vegas, wants to keep Raiders in Oakland". CBSSports.com. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ^ a b "Raiders file paperwork for Las Vegas relocation". USA Today. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
- ^ Gutierrez, Paul (January 19, 2016). "Oakland Raiders file paperwork to relocate to Las Vegas". ESPN. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ "Adelson no longer involved in Raiders' Las Vegas stadium plan". National Football League. January 30, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
- ^ "Sources: Financial giant Goldman Sachs backs out of Raiders' stadium deal". ESPN. January 31, 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
- ^ "Raiders secure financing for potential Las Vegas stadium". National Football League. March 7, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
- ^ Jon Mark Saraceno (March 6, 2017). "Raiders' Las Vegas stadium gets boost from Bank of America". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
- ^ Kukura, Joe. "NFL May Bribe Raiders, 49ers Into Shotgun Wedding". Nbcbayarea.com. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
- ^ Taylor Price (April 19, 2012). "49ers break ground on Santa Clara stadium". 49ers.com. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ^ Mike Florio (September 10, 2012). "Niners strike gold with new stadium". profootballtalk.nbcsports.com. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ^ NFL.com (October 16, 2012). "Oakland Raiders have no plans to share stadium with 49ers". NFL.com. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ^ Goodell: Levi's might fit Raiders ESPN.com (07/18/2014)
- ^ Williams, Eric D. (February 20, 2015). "Chargers, Raiders reveal L.A. plan". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
- ^ Rapoport, Ian (February 20, 2015). "Chargers, Raiders team up for stadium proposal in Los Angeles". NFL.com. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
- ^ Jablon, Robert (April 22, 2015). "City Council approves plan for NFL stadium near Los Angeles". Associated Press. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
- ^ Logan, Tim; Nathan Fenno (April 21, 2015). "Carson City Council may be set to approve NFL stadium, sight unseen". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
- ^ "Source: Chargers think L.A. proposal has doable components". ESPN. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
- ^ "Oakland's Coliseum City project could cost $2 billion".
- ^ Vergara, Andre. "Oakland reveals stadium proposal to keep Raiders". FOX Sports. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ^ a b "Oakland, Ronnie Lott Group Unveil Stadium Plan To Keep Raiders".
- ^ "Raiders owner Mark Davis rails against Oakland 'disrespect,' has sole focus on Las Vegas". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
- ^ "Oakland, Alameda County approve stadium deal to try to keep Raiders".
- ^ Press, Associated. "Will the Raiders stay in Oakland? Negotiations on $1.3-billion stadium OK'd".
- ^ Baugh, Josh (2014-07-29). "S.A. may be home of Los Raiders". MySA: San Antonio's Home Page. Retrieved 2014-07-30.
- ^ "Raiders owner confirms talks with San Antonio". Associated Press (AP). 2014-07-30. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-30.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Raiders owner scouts Concord site for new stadium". SF Gate. October 7, 2013. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
- ^ "Just do it, baby – ESPN Classic". Espn.go.com. Retrieved 2013-06-11.
- ^ "Vince Lombardi Quotes". Retrieved 2014-11-19.
- ^ Zamora, Jim Herron (2003-01-24). "Raider Nation's citizens span globe–Mystique, power of Silver and Black quicken the pulse of teaming hordes". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 28, 2005. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Minkoff, Alysse. "Sweetheart of the Hole". ESPN. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ Mills, Roger (2003-01-25). "Super Bowl XXXVII: Raider nation". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ "ESPN 30 for 30". 30for30.espn.com. 1994-06-17. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
- ^ Lloyd, Robert (2010-05-11). "Television review: 'Straight Outta L.A.'". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Halley, Jim (2005-09-08). "Patriots-Raiders: No love lost over time". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ LaMarre, Tom (2001-12-31). "Jets-Raiders series boasts several classics". NFL.com. Archived from the original on 2007-05-05. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ McDonald, Jerry (2003-11-04). "Raiders and Jets renew a peculiar rivalry". NFL.com. Archived from the original on November 14, 2005. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Epic Rivalries: Raiders vs. Jets". 2005-12-07. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ "Raiders vs. Jets – Box Score – December 8, 2013 – ESPN".
- ^ Smizik, Bob (2006-10-29). "Raiders of the lost rivalry". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on 2006-11-08. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ 'http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/rai/head-to-head.htm
- ^ "Pro Football Hall of Fame – Oakland Raiders". Retrieved 2007-01-19.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby, p. 7.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby, pp. 7–8.
- ^ Harney was the builder of San Francisco's Candlestick Park, built on a bleak parcel of land he owned; to date, the road leading to the stadium is known as Harney Way. With a push from Harney, the Raiders were allowed to play their final three 1960 home games at Candlestick.
- ^ Steve Sabol (Executive Producer) (2004). Raiders – The Complete History (DVD). NFL Productions LLC.
- ^ Dickey, Just Win, Baby, pp. 98–101.
- ^ a b Zeigler, Mark (2009-10-31). "Silence of elders tells on Raiders". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
- ^ Rosynsky, Paul T (2003-10-15). "Raiders co-owner wants to boot Davis". Oakland Tribune. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Gay, Nancy (2006-11-25). "No takers for 31% share of Raiders". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "NFL Team Valuations – #28 Oakland Raiders". Forbes Magazine. 2006-08-31. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b Fitzgerald, Tom (2005-11-03). "Raiders reach pact with Oakland/No more PSLs – team will take over marketing duties". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 10, 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Young, Eric (2006-02-15). "Raiders cut ticket prices at Coliseum". Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
- ^ Young, Eric (2006-11-06). "Raiders post solid numbers already". San Francisco Business Times. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
- ^ Soliday, Bill (2006-12-15). ""Gabriel's release, return mystery" (sellout info in Notes)". Contra Costa Times. Retrieved 2007-01-25.[dead link]
- ^ "NFL History (1971–1980)". Retrieved 2007-01-25.
- ^ "N.F.L. Settles Coliseum Suit". The New York Times. 1987-11-05. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
- ^ Puma, Mike. "Just do it, baby". ESPN Classic. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
- ^ "Appellate court rules for NFL in Raiders case". NFL.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Fitzgerald, Tom (2005-11-03). "Raiders reach pact with Oakland-No more PSLs – team will take over marketing duties". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 10, 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Winning the Big Game" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-26.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Mark Fainaru-Wada, Lance Williams: Barry Bonds: Anatomy of a scandal. San Francisco Chronicle, 25. December 2003
- ^ "Oakland Raiders | Raiders in the Hall of Fame". Raiders.com. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
- ^ Alder, James. "Football 101 – Uniform Numbering System". About.com. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ "Career Leaders". Raiders.com. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
- ^ http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/rai/single-season-passing.htm Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders Passing Single-season Register
External links
- Official website
- Oakland Raiders at the National Football League official website
- Oakland Raiders at Pro-football-reference.com
- Oakland Raiders Former Players at oncearaider.com
Sports teams based in the San Francisco Bay Area | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseball |     | ||||||
| Basketball | |||||||
| American football | |||||||
| Ice hockey | |||||||
| Soccer | |||||||
| Esports | |||||||
| Roller derby | |||||||
| Rugby League | |||||||
| Ultimate | |||||||
| College athletics |
| ||||||
| Economy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education |
| ||||
| Government | |||||
| History (Timeline) |
| ||||
| Sports | |||||
| Transportation |
| ||||
| Other | |||||
| Related | |||||
